Download or read book Development of a Novel Gas Pressurized Stripping Gps Based Technology for CO2 Capture from Post Combustion Flue Gases Topical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topical report presents the techno-economic analysis, conducted by Carbon Capture Scientific, LLC (CCS) and Nexant, for a nominal 550 MWe supercritical pulverized coal (PC) power plant utilizing CCS patented Gas Pressurized Stripping (GPS) technology for post-combustion carbon capture (PCC). Illinois No. 6 coal is used as fuel. Because of the difference in performance between the GPS-based PCC and the MEA-based CO2 absorption technology, the net power output of this plant is not exactly 550 MWe. DOE/NETL Case 11 supercritical PC plant without CO2 capture and Case 12 supercritical PC plant with benchmark MEA-based CO2 capture are chosen as references. In order to include CO2 compression process for the baseline case, CCS independently evaluated the generic 30 wt% MEA-based PCC process together with the CO2 compression section. The net power produced in the supercritical PC plant with GPS-based PCC is 647 MW, greater than the MEA-based design. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) over a 20-year period is adopted to assess techno-economic performance. The LCOE for the supercritical PC plant with GPS-based PCC, not considering CO2 transport, storage and monitoring (TS & M), is 97.4 mills/kWh, or 152% of the Case 11 supercritical PC plant without CO2 capture, equivalent to $39.6/tonne for the cost of CO2 capture. GPS-based PCC is also significantly superior to the generic MEA-based PCC with CO2 compression section, whose LCOE is as high as 109.6 mills/kWh.
Download or read book Development of a Novel Gas Pressurized Stripping Process Based Technology for CO2 Capture from Post Combustion Flue Gases written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel Gas Pressurized Stripping (GPS) post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) process has been developed by Carbon Capture Scientific, LLC, CONSOL Energy Inc., Nexant Inc., and Western Kentucky University in this bench-scale project. The GPS-based process presents a unique approach that uses a gas pressurized technology for CO2 stripping at an elevated pressure to overcome the energy use and other disadvantages associated with the benchmark monoethanolamine (MEA) process. The project was aimed at performing laboratory- and bench-scale experiments to prove its technical feasibility and generate process engineering and scale-up data, and conducting a techno-economic analysis (TEA) to demonstrate its energy use and cost competitiveness over the MEA process. To meet project goals and objectives, a combination of experimental work, process simulation, and technical and economic analysis studies were applied. The project conducted individual unit lab-scale tests for major process components, including a first absorption column, a GPS column, a second absorption column, and a flasher. Computer simulations were carried out to study the GPS column behavior under different operating conditions, to optimize the column design and operation, and to optimize the GPS process for an existing and a new power plant. The vapor-liquid equilibrium data under high loading and high temperature for the selected amines were also measured. The thermal and oxidative stability of the selected solvents were also tested experimentally and presented. A bench-scale column-based unit capable of achieving at least 90% CO2 capture from a nominal 500 SLPM coal-derived flue gas slipstream was designed and built. This integrated, continuous, skid-mounted GPS system was tested using real flue gas from a coal-fired boiler at the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC). The technical challenges of the GPS technology in stability, corrosion, and foaming of selected solvents, and environmental, health and safety risks have been addressed through experimental tests, consultation with vendors and engineering analysis. Multiple rounds of TEA were performed to improve the GPS-based PCC process design and operation, and to compare the energy use and cost performance of a nominal 550-MWe supercritical pulverized coal (PC) plant among the DOE/NETL report Case 11 (the PC plant without CO2 capture), the DOE/NETL report Case 12 (the PC plant with benchmark MEA-based PCC), and the PC plant using GPS-based PCC. The results reveal that the net power produced in the PC plant with GPS-based PCC is 647 MWe, greater than that of the Case 12 (550 MWe). The 20-year LCOE for the PC plant with GPS-based PCC is 97.4 mills/kWh, or 152% of that of the Case 11, which is also 23% less than that of the Case 12. These results demonstrate that the GPS-based PCC process is energy-efficient and cost-effective compared with the benchmark MEA process.
Download or read book Development of a Novel Gas Pressurized Process Based Technology for CO2 Capture from Post Combustion Flue Gases Preliminary Year 1 Techno Economic Study Results and Methodology for Gas Pressurized Stripping Process written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the DOE's Innovations for Existing Plants (IEP) Program, Carbon Capture Scientific, LLC (CCS) is developing a novel gas pressurized stripping (GPS) process to enable efficient post-combustion carbon capture (PCC) from coal-fired power plants. A technology and economic feasibility study is required as a deliverable in the project Statement of Project Objectives. This study analyzes a fully integrated pulverized coal power plant equipped with GPS technology for PCC, and is carried out, to the maximum extent possible, in accordance to the methodology and data provided in ATTACHMENT 3 - Basis for Technology Feasibility Study of DOE Funding Opportunity Number: DE-FOA-0000403. The DOE/NETL report on "Cost and Performance Baseline for Fossil Energy Plants, Volume 1: Bituminous Coal and Natural Gas to Electricity (Original Issue Date, May 2007), NETL Report No. DOE/NETL-2007/1281, Revision 1, August 2007" was used as the main source of reference to be followed, as per the guidelines of ATTACHMENT 3 of DE-FOA-0000403. The DOE/NETL-2007/1281 study compared the feasibility of various combinations of power plant/CO2 capture process arrangements. The report contained a comprehensive set of design basis and economic evaluation assumptions and criteria, which are used as the main reference points for the purpose of this study. Specifically, Nexant adopted the design and economic evaluation basis from Case 12 of the above-mentioned DOE/NETL report. This case corresponds to a nominal 550 MWe (net), supercritical greenfield PC plant that utilizes an advanced MEAbased absorption system for CO2 capture and compression. For this techno-economic study, CCS' GPS process replaces the MEA-based CO2 absorption system used in the original case. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of a full-scale GPS-based PCC design that is integrated with a supercritical PC plant similar to Case 12 of the DOE/NETL report, such that it corresponds to a nominal 550 MWe supercritical PC plant with 90% CO2 capture. This plant has the same boiler firing rate and superheated high pressure steam generation as the DOE/NETL report's Case 12 PC plant. However, due to the difference in performance between the GPS-based PCC and the MEA-based CO2 absorption technology, the net power output of this plant may not be exactly at 550 MWe.
Download or read book Recent progress and new developments in post combustion carbon capture technology with reactive solvents written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gas Capture Processes written by Zhien Zhang and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-14 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the recent technologies introduced for gases capture including CO2, CO, SO2, H2S, NOx, and H2. Various processes and theories for gas capture and removal are presented. The book provides a useful source of information for engineers and specialists, as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the fields of environmental and chemical science and engineering.
Download or read book Recent Advances in Post Combustion CO2 Capture Chemistry written by Moetaz Attalla and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Captures snapshots of the most recent advances in carbon dioxide capture using solvent-based post combustion carbon dioxide capture technology.
Download or read book Development of a Dry Sorbent based Post Combustion CO2 Capture Technology for Retrofit in Existing Power Plants written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research and development (R & D) project was to further the development of a solid sorbent-based CO2 capture process based on sodium carbonate (i.e. the Dry Carbonate Process) that is capable of capturing>90% of the CO2 as a nearly pure stream from coal-fired power plant flue gas with
Download or read book Advances in Carbon Capture written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Carbon Capture reviews major implementations of CO2 capture, including absorption, adsorption, permeation and biological techniques. For each approach, key benefits and drawbacks of separation methods and technologies, perspectives on CO2 reuse and conversion, and pathways for future CO2 capture research are explored in depth. The work presents a comprehensive comparison of capture technologies. In addition, the alternatives for CO2 separation from various feeds are investigated based on process economics, flexibility, industrial aspects, purification level and environmental viewpoints. Explores key CO2 separation and compare technologies in terms of provable advantages and limitations Analyzes all critical CO2 capture methods in tandem with related technologies Introduces a panorama of various applications of CO2 capture
Download or read book Hybrid Membrane Absorption Process for Post combustion CO2 Capture written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes scientific/technical progress made for bench-scale membrane contactor technology for post-combustion CO2 capture from DOE Contract No. DE-FE-0004787. Budget Period 1 (BP1) membrane absorber, Budget Period 2 (BP2) membrane desorber and Budget Period 3 (BP3) integrated system and field testing studies have been completed successfully and met or exceeded the technical targets (≥ 90% CO2 removal and CO2 purity of 97% in one membrane stage). Significant breakthroughs are summarized below: BP1 research: The feasibility of utilizing the poly (ether ether ketone), PEEK, based hollow fiber contractor (HFC) in combination with chemical solvents to separate and capture at least 90% of the CO2 from simulated flue gases has been successfully established. Excellent progress has been made as we have achieved the BP1 goal: ≥ 1,000 membrane intrinsic CO2 permeance, ≥ 90% CO2 removal in one stage, ≤ 2 psi gas side pressure drop, and ≥ 1 (sec)-1 mass transfer coefficient. Initial test results also show that the CO2 capture performance, using activated Methyl Diethanol Amine (aMDEA) solvent, was not affected by flue gas contaminants O2 (~3%), NO2 (66 ppmv), and SO2 (145 ppmv). BP2 research: The feasibility of utilizing the PEEK HFC for CO2-loaded solvent regeneration has been successfully established High CO2 stripping flux, one order of magnitude higher than CO2 absorption flux, have been achieved. Refined economic evaluation based on BP1 membrane absorber and BP2 membrane desorber laboratory test data indicate that the CO2 capture costs are 36% lower than DOE's benchmark amine absorption technology. BP3 research: A bench-scale system utilizing a membrane absorber and desorber was integrated into a continuous CO2 capture process using contactors containing 10 to 20 ft2 of membrane area. The integrated process operation was stable through a 100-hour laboratory test, utilizing a simulated flue gas stream. Greater than 90% CO2 capture combined with 97% CO2 product purity was achieved throughout the test. Membrane contactor modules have been scaled from bench scale 2-inch diameter by 12-inch long (20 ft2 membrane surface area) modules to 4-inch diameter by 60-inch long pilot scale modules (165 ft2 membrane surface area). Pilot scale modules were tested in an integrated absorption/regeneration system for CO2 capture field tests at a coal-fired power plant (Midwest Generation's Will County Station located in Romeoville, IL). Absorption and regeneration contactors were constructed utilizing high performance super-hydrophobic, nano-porous PEEK membranes with CO2 gas permeance of 2,000 GPU and a 1,000 GPU, respectively. Field tests using aMDEA solvent achieved greater than 90% CO2 removal in a single stage. The absorption mass transfer coefficient was 1.2 (sec)-1, exceeding the initial target of 1.0 (sec)-1. This mass transfer coefficient is over one order of magnitude greater than that of conventional gas/liquid contacting equipment. The economic evaluation based on field tests data indicates that the CO2 capture cost associated with membrane contactor technology is $54.69 (Yr 2011$)/tonne of CO2 captured when using aMDEA as a solvent. It is projected that the DOE's 2025 cost goal of $40 (Yr 2011$)/tonne of CO2 captured can be met by decreasing membrane module cost and by utilizing advanced CO2 capture solvents. In the second stage of the field test, an advanced solvent, Hitachi's H3-1 was utilized. The use of H3-1 solvent increased mass transfer coefficient by 17% as compared to aMDEA solvent. The high mass transfer coefficient of H3-1 solvent combined with much more favorable solvent regeneration requirements, indicate that the projected savings achievable with membrane contactor process can be further improved. H3-1 solvent will be used in the next pilot-scale development phase. The integrated absorption/regeneration process design and high performance membrane contactors developed in the current bench-scale program will be ...
Download or read book Enhanced Capture with Oxygen Scrubbing of CO2 ECO Scrub written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The project aims to develop a low-cost option for carbon capture in existing modern coal-fired power plants. The concept, known as ECO-Scrub, uses a novel combination of techniques employed in CO2 capture, such as oxygen enrichment and post-combustion solvent scrubbing, together with measures to increase efficiency, reduce steam consumption and generate power requirements. The project work involved development of the process, module integration and optimisation for lignite- and coal-fired power plants through programmes of laboratory- and pilot-scale tests, simulation modelling studies, literature reviews and collation of power plant performance data. The ECO-Scrub system was shown to be technically and economically feasible for retrofitting existing power plants for CO2 capture and sequestration. Optimising the oxygen enrichment level and the rate at which the flue gas is recycled were key parameters for achieving satisfactory combustion characteristics, low NOX emissions and improved heat transfer characteristics, and avoiding ash deposition problems. Preferentially enriching the staged air system with oxygen was an effective option for NOX control. A pilot-scale combustion test facility with oxyfuel capability, simulated flue gas recycling and equipped with a pilot-scale amine solvent scrubbing plant was used to evaluate the flexibility of the ECO-Scrub process and solvent performance. Membrane separation systems were shown to be promising alternatives to conventional CO2 capture methods for enriched CO2 flue gas. The cost and efficiency penalties for the ECO-Scrub process were comparable to those for post-combustion capture and oxyfuel combustion, however ECO-Scrub was shown to be more attractive as a retrofit option.
Download or read book Towards Flexible Operation of Post combustion CO2 Capture from Brown Coal Derived Flue Gas written by Mai Tuyet Thi Bui and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's first commercial-scale CO2 capture plant in Boundary Dam power station uses amine-based post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC) technology (Boundary Dam, Canada). The issues of large energy requirement and high cost have hindered worldwide deployment of PCC. Flexible operation has been proposed as a way to improve the economic and technical feasibility of PCC. Flexible operation coordinates reductions in CO2 emissions with electricity demand by: (i) ramping up CO2 capture during periods of low energy demand, and (ii) turning down or switching off CO2 capture during high energy demand. The immediate and long term impact of process disturbances from flexible operation is unclear. This thesis investigates the technical influence of flexible operation during amine-based CO2 capture from brown coal derived flue gas. Dynamic pilot plant studies have provided practical experience in flexible operation of PCC plants. The pilot plant study demonstrates the successful implementation of flexible operation in the form of parameter step-changes to a PCC process. The PCC pilot plant is run by CSIRO and located at AGL Loy Yang in Australia. The operation of the PCC plant under a broad range of transient conditions has captured the dynamics of the process and provides suitable data dynamic model validation. Additionally, the density meters provide the advantage for online monitoring of liquid CO2 concentration. Statistical analysis revealed that data variance may occur due to changes in: (i) ambient temperature, (ii) MEA concentration, or (iii) amine degradation. Although PCC plants of different scales and configurations have different response times, it is likely the dynamic trends to parameter changes would be similar. Thus, the dynamic behaviour observed in this thesis is of greater significance compared to the absolute values. Based on this study, changing the flue gas flow rate would produce the most rapid response. The greatest CO2 removal percentage was achieved at the lowest flue gas flow rate or at the highest absorbent flow rate. However, the latter provides high CO2 removal percentage with significantly lower reboiler heat duty in terms of MJ/kg CO2. The steam pressure parameter provides the ability to adjust the temperature of all the columns simultaneously. This effect may be used to compensate for effects from ambient conditions or heat losses. Flexible operation of PCC is modelled using Aspen Plus Dynamics®. Dynamic modelling of flexible PCC operation in the pilot plant uses the following stand-alone models: (i) Absorber Column 2 (ABS2), (ii) Absorber column 1 (ABS1), and (iii) Stripper Column. Stand-alone models provide the advantage of greater flexibility compared to integrated models; also they carry-through of successive errors is avoided. Additionally, disturbances can be introduced to intermediate streams without convergence issues. Each stand-alone model simulates the following flexible operation scenarios: (i) step-changes in flue gas flow rate, (ii) step-changes in absorbent flow rate, and (iii) step-changes in steam pressure. Modelling of property changes individually, elucidates which properties generate the dynamic responses observed in the pilot plant. The overall effect observed in the step-changes scenarios was the result of a combination of property changes that occur in tandem. The combination of these property changes accurately describes the dynamic behaviour observed in the pilot plant results. Although the dynamic modelling could not replicate the absolute values obtained in the pilot plant, the models demonstrated the same trends observed in pilot plant results. The modelled behaviour and pilot plant observations are in agreement for comparisons of the following results: (i) column temperature, (ii) CO2 composition of the liquid product, (iii) CO2 composition of the vapour product, and (iv) CO2 removal/capture percentage. Modelled dynamic response is in agreement with pilot plant trends, despite the influence of non-ideal conditions (e.g. amine degradation, ambient temperature effects, heat loss). Some key novel outcomes of the dynamic modelling include: (i) Model specifications in Aspen Plus® and Aspen Plus Dynamics® are based on data from the CSIRO PCC pilot plant at AGL Loy Yang; (ii) Modelling of a PCC process with a double-absorber configuration; (iii) The process of converting equilibrium reactions into forward/reverse kinetic reactions is documented in detail; (iv) The number of equilibrium stages for this PCC study is greater compared to previous Aspen Plus Dynamics® studies by Lin et al. (2011), Lin et al. (2012) and Léonard et al. (2013); (v) Demonstrated the necessity of adjustment factors to achieve model agreement with experimental data (particular when pilot plant data is affected by non-ideal conditions); (vi) Compared the precision of different mass transfer coefficient correlations for rate-based PCC modelling.
Download or read book Advanced Separation Technology for Flue Gas Cleanup Topical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to develop a novel system for regenerable SO2 and NO(subscript x) scrubbing of flue gas that focuses on (1) a novel method for regenerating spent SO2 scrubbing liquor and (2) novel chemistry for reversible absorption of NO(subscript x). In addition, high efficiency hollow fiber contactors (HFC) are proposed as the devices for scrubbing the SO2 and NO(subscript x) from the flue gas. The system will be designed to remove more than 95% of the SO2 and more than 75% of the NO(subscript x) from flue gases typical of pulverized coal-fired power plants at a cost that is at least 20% less than combined wet limestone scrubbing of SO(subscript x) and selective catalytic reduction of NO(subscript x). The process will generate only marketable by-products. Our approach is to reduce the capital cost by using high-efficiency hollow fiber devices for absorbing and desorbing the SO2 and NO(subscript x). We will also introduce new process chemistry to minimize traditionally well-known problems with SO2 and NO(subscript x) absorption and desorption. Our novel chemistry for scrubbing NO(subscript x) will consist of water-soluble phthalocyanine compounds invented by SRI as well as polymeric forms of Fe{sup ++} complexes similar to traditional NO(subscript x) scrubbing media. The final novelty of our approach is the arrangement of the absorbers in cassette (stackable) form so that the NO(subscript x) absorber can be on top of the SO(subscript x) absorber. This arrangement is possible only because of the high efficiency of the hollow fiber scrubbing devices, as indicated by our preliminary laboratory data. This arrangement makes it possible for the SO2 and NO(subscript x) scrubbing chambers to be separate without incurring the large ducting and gas pressure drop costs necessary if a second conventional absorber vessel were used. Because we have separate scrubbers, we will have separate liquor loops and simplify the chemical complexity of simultaneous SO2/NO(subscript x) scrubbing.
Download or read book Generating Electricity in a Carbon Constrained World written by Fereidoon Sioshansi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-10-21 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electric power sector is what keeps modern economies going, and historically, fossil fuels provided the bulk of the energy need to generate electricity, with coal a dominant player in many parts of the world. Now with growing concerns about global climate change, this historical dependence on fossil-fuels, especially those rich in carbon, are being questioned. Examining the implications of the industry's future in a carbon-constrained world, a distinct reality, is the subject of this book. Containing contributions from renowned scholars and academics from around the world, this book explores the various energy production options available to power companies in a carbon-constrained world. The three part treatment starts with a clear and rigorous exposition of the short term options including Clean Coal and Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technology, Coal, and Emission trading. Renewable energy options such as Nuclear Energy, Wind power, Solar power, Hydro-electric, and Geothermal energy are clearly explained along with their trade-offs and uncertainties inherent in evaluating and choosing different energy options and provides a framework for assessing policy solutions. This is followed by self-contained chapters of case-studies from all over the world. Other topics discussed in the book are Creating markets for tradable permits in the emerging carbon era, Global Action on Climate Change, The Impossibility of Staunching World CO2 Emissions and Energy efficiency. - Clearly explains short term and long term options - Contributions from renowned scholars and academics from around the world - Case-studies from all over the world
Download or read book Bench Scale Development of a Hot Carbonate Absorption Process with Crystallization Enabled High Pressure Stripping for Post Combustion CO sub 2 Capture written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel Hot Carbonate Absorption Process with Crystallization-Enabled High-Pressure Stripping (Hot-CAP) has been developed by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Carbon Capture Scientific, LLC in this three-year, bench-scale project. The Hot-CAP features a concentrated carbonate solution (e.g., K2CO3) for CO2 absorption and a bicarbonate slurry (e.g., KHCO3) for high-pressure CO2 stripping to overcome the energy use and other disadvantages associated with the benchmark monoethanolamine (MEA) process. The project was aimed at performing laboratory- and bench-scale experiments to prove its technical feasibility and generate process engineering and scale-up data, and conducting a techno-economic analysis (TEA) to demonstrate its energy use and cost competitiveness over MEA. To meet project goals and objectives, a combination of experimental, modeling, process simulation, and economic analysis studies were applied. Carefully designed and intensive experiments were conducted to measure thermodynamic and reaction engineering data relevant to four major unit operations in the Hot-CAP (i.e., CO2 absorption, CO2 stripping, bicarbonate crystallization, and sulfate reclamation). The rate promoters that could accelerate the CO2 absorption rate into the potassium carbonate/bicarbonate (PCB) solution to a level greater than that into the 5 M MEA solution were identified, and the superior performance of CO2 absorption into PCB was demonstrated in a bench-scale packed-bed column. Kinetic data on bicarbonate crystallization were developed and applied for crystallizer design and sizing. Parametric testing of high-pressure CO2 stripping with concentrated bicarbonate-dominant slurries at high temperatures (≥140°C) in a bench-scale stripping column demonstrated lower heat use than with MEA. The feasibility of a modified process for combining SO2 removal with CO2 capture was preliminarily demonstrated. In addition to the experimental studies, the technical challenges pertinent to fouling of slurry-handling equipment and the design of the crystallizer and stripper were addressed through consultation with vendors and engineering analyses. A process flow diagram of the Hot-CAP was then developed and a TEA was performed to compare the energy use and cost performance of a nominal 550-MWe subcritical pulverized coal (PC)-fired power plant without CO2 capture (DOE/NETL Case 9) with the benchmark MEA-based post-combustion CO2 capture (PCC; DOE/NETL Case 10) and the Hot-CAP-based PCC. The results revealed that the net power produced in the PC + Hot-CAP is 609 MWe, greater than the PC + MEA (550 MWe). The 20-year levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) for the PC + Hot-CAP, including CO2 transportation and storage, is 120.3 mills/kWh, a 60% increase over the base PC plant without CO2 capture. The LCOE increase for the Hot-CAP is 29% lower than that for MEA. TEA results demonstrated that the Hot-CAP is energy-efficient and cost-effective compared with the benchmark MEA process.
Download or read book Modeling the Advanced Flash Stripper for CO2 Capture Using 5 M Piperazine written by Junyuan Ding and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amine scrubbing is the most mature technology for post-combustion CO2 capture. Several studies have demonstrated that the advanced flash stripper (AFS) consumes less energy among stripper alternatives. This thesis seeks to demonstrate the AFS energy performance and cost over a wide range of CO2 loading. Solvent models based on experimental results have been created by previous researchers and are available for simulation and process modeling in Aspen Plus®. In collaboration with Membrane Technology and Research Inc., various hybrid amine/membrane configurations were studied to minimize the total CO2 capture cost. CO2 in the flue gas is enriched by membranes from 12% to 18 and 23% for coal-fired power plant, and from 6% to 12~18% for natural gas combined cycle power plant (NGCC). The CO2 loading covers the range of flue gas CO2 from coal-fired power plants and NGCC. For each configuration, the cold and warm rich bypasses are optimized to minimize the energy cost. The cost optimization is also demonstrated on 5 m PZ, 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ, and 2 m PZ/3 m HMPD. The most cost-effective solvent varies with the flue gas CO2. When applied to a coal-fired power plant, hybrid parallel amine/membrane designs with 99% and 95% CO2 removal cost less than hybrid series with 60% CO2 removal. The equivalent work of the parallel configuration with 99% CO2 removal using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ (32.3 kJ/mol CO2) is less than using 5 m PZ (34.0 kJ/mol CO2). The equivalent work with 95% CO2 removal (Case 19) using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ (32.5 kJ/mol CO2) is less than using 5 m PZ (33.3 kJ/mol CO2). The capital cost with 99% CO2 removal using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ ($70.5MM) is more than using 5 m PZ ($67.5MM). The capital cost with 95% CO2 removal using 5 m MDEA/5 m PZ ($73.5MM) is less than using 5 m PZ ($79.5MM). The total annual cost with 95% CO2 removal using 2 m PZ/3 m HMPD ($38.7/tonne CO2) is less than using 5 m PZ ($41.5/tonne CO2). When applied to NGCC, the cost of amine scrubbing is reduced by increasing absorber inlet CO2 by membranes. However, this is offset by the membrane cost. As absorber inlet CO2 increases from 6% to 18%, the operating cost decreases from $18.8 to $15.4/tonne CO2, while total regeneration cost decreases from $35.6 to $33.1/tonne CO2.
Download or read book Membrane Gas Separation written by Benny Freeman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-20 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas separation membranes offer a number of benefits over other separation technologies, and they play an increasingly important role in reducing the environmental impacts and costs of many industrial processes. This book describes recent and emerging results in membrane gas separation, including highlights of nanoscience and technology, novel polymeric and inorganic membrane materials, new membrane approaches to solve environmental problems e.g. greenhouse gases, aspects of membrane engineering, and recent achievements in industrial gas separation. It includes: Hyperbranched polyimides, amorphous glassy polymers and perfluorinated copolymers Nanocomposite (mixed matrix) membranes Polymeric magnetic membranes Sequestration of CO2 to reduce global warming Industrial applications of gas separation Developed from sessions of the most recent International Congress on Membranes and Membrane Processes, Membrane Gas Separation gives a snapshot of the current situation, and presents both fundamental results and applied achievements.
Download or read book Pre Combustion Carbon Capture by a Nanoporous Superhydrophobic Membrane Contactor Process written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes progress made during Phase I and Phase II of the project: "Pre-Combustion Carbon Capture by a Nanoporous, Superhydrophobic Membrane Contactor Process," under contract DE-FE-0000646. The objective of this project is to develop a practical and cost effective technology for CO2 separation and capture for pre-combustion coal-based gasification plants using a membrane contactor/solvent absorption process. The goals of this technology development project are to separate and capture at least 90% of the CO2 from Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plants with less than 10% increase in the cost of energy services. Unlike conventional gas separation membranes, the membrane contactor is a novel gas separation process based on the gas/liquid membrane concept. The membrane contactor is an advanced mass transfer device that operates with liquid on one side of the membrane and gas on the other. The membrane contactor can operate with pressures that are almost the same on both sides of the membrane, whereas the gas separation membranes use the differential pressure across the membrane as driving force for separation. The driving force for separation for the membrane contactor process is the chemical potential difference of CO2 in the gas phase and in the absorption liquid. This process is thus easily tailored to suit the needs for pre-combustion separation and capture of CO2. Gas Technology Institute (GTI) and PoroGen Corporation (PGC) have developed a novel hollow fiber membrane technology that is based on chemically and thermally resistant commercial engineered polymer poly(ether ether ketone) or PEEK. The PEEK membrane material used in the membrane contactor during this technology development program is a high temperature engineered plastic that is virtually non-destructible under the operating conditions encountered in typical gas absorption applications. It can withstand contact with most of the common treating solvents. GTI and PGC have developed a nanoporous and superhydrophobic PEEK-based hollow fiber membrane contactor tailored for the membrane contactor/solvent absorption application for syngas cleanup. The membrane contactor modules were scaled up to 8-inch diameter commercial size modules. We have performing extensive laboratory and bench testing using pure gases, simulated water-gas-shifted (WGS) syngas stream, and a slipstream from a gasification derived syngas from GTI's Flex-Fuel Test Facility (FFTF) gasification plant under commercially relevant conditions. The team have also carried out an engineering and economic analysis of the membrane contactor process to evaluate the economics of this technology and its commercial potential. Our test results have shown that 90% CO2 capture can be achieved with several physical solvents such as water and chilled methanol. The rate of CO2 removal by the membrane contactor is in the range of 1.5 to 2.0 kg/m2/hr depending on the operating pressures and temperatures and depending on the solvents used. The final economic analysis has shown that the membrane contactor process will cause the cost of electricity to increase by 21% from the base plant without CO2 capture. The goal of 10% increase in levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) from base DOE Case 1(base plant without capture) is not achieved by using the membrane contactor. However, the 21% increase in LCOE is a substantial improvement as compared with the 31.6% increase in LCOE as in DOE Case 2(state of art capture technology using 2-stages of Selexol{TM}).
