Download or read book Development of a New Method to Detect Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts from Water Samples by Using Aluminium Sulphate Flocculation and Immunomagnetic Separation written by Christoph Bissegger and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advancing Cryptosporidium Parvum Detection Methodologies written by Mark C. Jenkins and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focused on ideal methods of detecting C. parvum oocysts which give low detection limits, specific and sensitive detection in concentraded samples, and differentiation of viable from non-viable oocysts; are usable by a water treatment facility and provide quantitative results within a few hours. Potential useful methods are continuous flow centrifugation, rel-time TaqMan PCR, cell culture inoculation followed by PCR of DNA extration, and FISH.

Download or read book Design and Fabrication of a Microfluidic Pathogen Detection System Using Microfabrication Technology written by Vivek Mohan and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of a PCR Based Method to Detect Viable Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts from Environmental Water Concentrates written by Debanjana Dasgupta and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development and Standardization of a Cryptosporidium Genotyping Tool for Water Samples written by Lihua Xiao and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2006 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CD-ROM contains data gathered in the research of this study.

Download or read book Development of Methods for Detecting Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Water written by Barbara Anne Rush and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Use of In situ Biofilms to Monitor for Cryptosporidium in Eastern Pennsylvania Watersheds written by Robin Kelly Barnes-Pohjonen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryptosporidium is a waterborne pathogen that causes significant gastrointestinal infection in humans. Oocysts, commonly found in surface waters in low concentrations, are difficult to detect, and traditional water filtration sampling can underestimate concentrations. A new method uses natural biofilms grown over time on glass slides in-situ to monitor for Cryptosporidium. Slides were placed by the Philadelphia Water Department at the Queen Lane drinking water intake (Philadelphia, PA) and in Sandy Run (Abington, PA). The Queen Lane site, in the Schuylkill River, 0.5 miles downstream from the confluence with Wissahickon Creek, drains approximately 54 million L/day of treated wastewater from 5 municipalities. Sandy Run sites are upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment outfall. Lehigh University sampled Saucon Creek (Hellertown, PA), and Monocacy Creek (Bethlehem, PA) as control, or non-wastewater impacted sites, and the Lehigh River, upstream and downstream of the Bethlehem wastewater treatment plant (BWWTP). Oocysts embedded within biofilm growth were recovered using immunomagnetic separation and processed by fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) resulting in Cryptosporidium oocyst counts. Water filter samples were taken at Queen Lane and Monocacy Creek for comparison to biofilm samples. Queen Lane samples showed consistent detection of oocysts in biofilm samples while only sporadic occurrences were observed in water filter samples. Use of the biofilm method coupled with FISH processing resulted in the most sensitive oocyst detection when compared with water filtration processed by any method. The Sandy Run and BWWTP sites showed consistently higher oocyst counts in the downstream sites compared to upstream sites. Monocacy and Saucon Creeks, the control sites, exhibited consistent oocyst contamination thereby displaying the sensitivity of the biofilm sampling method to disperse Cryptosporidium sources such as golf courses or agricultural runoff. Overall, biofilm slide sampling was highly sensitive to even low oocyst concentrations, and the biofilm method combined with FISH processing was most sensitive for detection. These results could be due to higher water volumes sampled, as the biofilm integrates particulates in the water column over time. Further investigation and validation of this method is needed, however current results support this method for identifying the presence of Cryptosporidium in watersheds and hotspots of contamination.

Download or read book Evaluation of a Real Time Online Monitoring Method for Cryptosporidium written by G. Quist and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project was to perform a proof-of-concept for a novel method for real-time, online continuous monitoring of Cryptosporidium in drinking water. Current methods for the detection and monitoring of Cryptosporidium are slow, labor intensive, and often have high variability and low recoveries. In addition, since the terrorist attack of 9/11, interest in real-time continuous online pathogen monitoring has increased dramatically. Optical techniques, such as the one tested in this project, hold the promise of providing utility-friendly methods of solving the problem of continuously monitoring the biological content of water in real-time. First, the researchers tested the MALS technology to determine if Cryptosporidium oocysts could be detected in various water types, including purified water, finished drinking water, groundwaters, and raw surface waters. Secondly, they developed optical fingerprints of standard test spheres, Cryptosporidium oocysts, and finished drinking water. Next, the researchers tested the optical fingerprints with blind samples to measure the performance of MALS. After that, they tested the MALS technology to determine if it could discriminate between live oocysts and oocysts that were treated or otherwise physically altered. Finally, the research team developed optical fingerprints of the different types of oocysts: infective and untreated, UV treated, ozone treated, heat treated, and excysted oocyst shells. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2004.

Download or read book Recovery of Cryptosporidium Oocysts from High volume Water Samples written by J. Clancy and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2004 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is of importance to the water industry because there is great interest among water utilities, regulators, and consumers about the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water supplies. The methodologies available for recovery and detection of the parasite had been improved over the years, but the methods focused on collection and analysis of relatively low sample volumes of source water; there was no usable finished drinking water method. This project improved upon the existing methods for oocyst analysis of water permitting larger volumes of source water to be collected and analyzed, and developed a method for 1000 L finished drinking water samples. All methods developed in the project were validated usihg the criteria specified by the USEPA, so that the methods can be used for compliance monitoring. These new methods are now in widespread use in the U.S. and in other countries.

Download or read book Detection of Cryptosporidium and E Coli Using Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization and Solid Phase Laser Cytometry written by Susan Cameron Broadaway and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoal pathogen transmitted through water by the fecal-oral route as oocysts. Because the oocysts are more resistant to environmental stresses than the bacteria conventionally used as indicators of fecal contamination, they can be present in water when indicator organisms, such as E. coli, are not found. In addition, because they are resistant to chlorine, they can pass from source water through water treatment into drinking water systems. The EPA method for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts consists of identifying oocysts with fluorescently labeled antibodies, staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and examining slides with epifluorescent microscopy and differential interference contrast microscopy. This protocol is labor intensive and subject to technician error. A new method was developed for the rapid detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and the ScanRDI, a solid phase laser cytometer. Optimization of the FISH protocol for use with the ScanRDI was done with E. coli cells and known Cryptosporidium oocysts as a model. Source water and treated drinking water from the water treatment plant at Crow Agency on the Crow Indian Reservation in Montana was collected over the course of a year and concentrated using the EPA protocol for collection of oocysts. The samples were then examined for Cryptosporidium oocysts using both the ScanRDI method and the standard US EPA method. The combination of FISH for labeling Cryptosporidium and the ScanRDI for examination results in significantly higher numbers of Cryptosporidium detected as well as greater ease in identification. A statistical comparison was done that determined there was no correlation between the number of E. coli cells found in the water samples and the number of Cryptosporidium oocysts present. Additionally, although not tested on environmental samples, the FISH/ScanRDI method allowed for simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and E. coli cells on the same membrane filter. Membranes were incubated before hybridization, hybridized concurrently with a Cryptosporidium specific probe and a probe specific for E. coli, followed by detection for both organisms with the ScanRDI.

Download or read book Assessment of Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocyst Viability by a Cell Culture based Infectivity Assay written by Mingqi Deng and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Sample Collection and Processing on the Infectivity of Cryptosporidium written by D. Huffman and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 2005-06-01 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Detection of Cryptosporidium Oocysts from Bovine Stool Samples Using Immunomagnetic Separation Technique written by R. A. Ahmad and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 2214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Download or read book Principles of Food Sanitation written by Norman G. Marriott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large volume food processing and preparation operations have increased the need for improved sanitary practices from processing to consumption. This trend presents a challenge to every employee in the food processing and food prepara tion industry. Sanitation is an applied science for the attainment of hygienic conditions. Because of increased emphasis on food safety, sanitation is receiving increased attention from those in the food industry. Traditionally, inexperienced employees with few skills who have received little or no training have been delegated sanitation duties. Yet sanitation employees require intensive training. In the past, these employees, including sanitation program managers, have had only limited access to material on this subject. Technical information has been confined primarily to a limited number of training manuals provided by regulatory agen cies, industry and association manuals, and recommendations from equipment and cleaning compound firms. Most of this material lacks specific information related to the selection of appropriate cleaning methods, equipment, compounds, and sanitizers for maintaining hygienic conditions in food processing and prepara tion facilities. The purpose of this text is to provide sanitation information needed to ensure hygienic practices. Sanitation is a broad subject; thus, principles related to con tamination, cleaning compounds, sanitizers, and cleaning equipment, and specific directions for applying these principles to attain hygienic conditions in food processing and food preparation are discussed. The discussion starts with the importance of sanitation and also includes regulatory requirements and voluntary sanitation programs including additional and updated information on Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP).

Download or read book Water and Health written by Prati Pal Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Water and Health” strengthens the dynamic relationship between human health and water. The book has the potential to ignite our minds about several water-related diseases due to biological and chemical contamination, and to their high-end solutions. The contents are original, comprehensive and highly informative, and gradually take the reader around the component most important to his or her quality life, and not just existence. The book is set in social, scientific and economic dimensions, and is a must read for all those who cherish and celebrate human life and dignity.

Download or read book Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an increasing population, use of new and diverse chemicals that can enter the water supply, and emergence of new microbial pathogens, the U.S. federal government is faced with a regulatory dilemma: Where should it focus its attention and limited resources to ensure safe drinking water supplies for the future? Identifying Future Drinking Water Contaminants is based on a 1998 workshop on emerging drinking water contaminants. It includes a dozen papers that were presented on new and emerging microbiological and chemical drinking water contaminants, associated analytical and water treatment methods for their detection and removal, and existing and proposed environmental databases to assist in their proactive identification and regulation. The papers are preceded by a conceptual approach and related recommendations to EPA for the periodic creation of future Drinking Water Contaminant Candidate Lists (CCLsâ€"produced every five yearsâ€"include currently unregulated chemical and microbiological substances that are known or anticipated to occur in public water systems and that may pose health risks).