Download or read book Development of a Laser Induced Incandescence System written by Trevor H. Kempthorne and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to accurately measure solid particulate levels in various applications ranging from engines to laboratory flames has become very important in the past few decades. A new approach to measuring soot levels called laser-induced incandescence was investigated. An apparatus was designed and built in order to measure soot levels in an atmospheric laminar diffusion flame with the intent of conducting proof-of-concept measurements. The apparatus utilized highly focussed optics while collecting time-resolved data using fast PMTs which allowed measurement of both time and spatial domains. Although noise and other technical problems proved to be a concern, measurements with reasonable agreement with published results for temperature (2800 K) and the primary particle soot size (6.3 +/- 2.5 nm) were achieved within the flame. Noise issues with the apparatus prevented accurate soot volume fraction measurements from being obtained. Numerous suggestions have been made as to how to improve the experiment for future use, potentially in a high pressure environment.
Download or read book Advances in the Modeling of Time resolved Laser induced Incandescence written by Timothy Andrew Sipkens and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosolized nanoparticles represent both great potential for the development of emerging technologies and one of the biggest challenges currently facing our planet. In the former case, aerosol-based synthesis techniques represent one of the most cost-effective approaches to generating engineered nanoparticles having applications that range from medicine to energy. In the latter case, aerosolized soot is the second largest forcing factor after carbon dioxide in climate change models and contributes significantly to asthma, bronchitis, and various other respiratory illnesses. The increased predominance of engineered nanoparticles also presents significant environmental and health risks due to various toxicological effects. In any of these cases, robust characterization is critical to the function and regulation of these nanoaerosols. Time-resolved laser-induced incandescence (TiRe-LII) is well-suited to meeting this challenge. Since its inception in the 1980s, TiRe-LII has matured into a standard diagnostic for characterizing soot in combustion applications and, increasingly, engineered nanoparticles synthesized as an aerosol. The in situ nature of the technique makes it well-suited to probe in-flame soot formation and the fundamentals of nanoparticle formation. Moreover, its cost-effectiveness and real-time capabilities make TiRe-LII particularly well-suited as an avenue for online control of nanoparticle synthesis. TiRe-LII involves heating nanoparticles within a sample volume of aerosol to incandescent temperatures using a short laser-pulse. Following the laser pulse, the nanoparticles return to the ambient gas temperature via conductive and evaporative cooling. The magnitude of the peak spectral incandescence signal can be used to derive the particle volume fraction, while the temperature decay of the nanoparticles can be used to infer thermophysical properties, including the nanoparticle size, thermal accommodation coefficient (TAC), and latent heat of vaporization. Data analysis requires the use of spectroscopic models, used to convert the observed incandescence to a volume fraction or nanoparticle temperature, and heat transfer models, used to model the changes in the nanoparticle temperature over the duration of a signal. These models have evolved considerably over the past two decades, increasing the interpretive power of TiRe-LII. Nevertheless, there are several factors that impede further improvements to the reliability of TiRe-LII derived quantities. Several anomalies have been observed in measured signals collected from both engineered nanoparticle and soot, ranging from faster-than-expected temperature decays to inconsistencies in measurements between laboratories and experimental conditions. Resolving these differences is crucial to improving the robustness of TiRe-LII both as a combustion and engineered nanoparticle diagnostic. However, this first requires the development of advanced analysis tools that allow for a better understanding of nanoscale physics and the uncertainties associated with model development. This thesis presents several advances in the modeling and interpretation of TiRe-LII signals. The current state-of-the-art in TiRe-LII models is first established and the process of model inversion is discussed, with particular reference to uncertainty quantification within the Bayesian perspective. This lays the foundation for analysis of the measurement errors associated with TiRe-LII signals, providing practitioners with another source of information to characterize measurement devices and fluctuations in observed processes. Next, a novel approach to describe the relationship between the peak nanoparticle temperature and the laser fluence is derived. This allows the first comparison of fluence curves obtained using different instrumentation and under different measurement conditions. This dissertation proceeds by examining inversion of the spectroscopic model to determine both the nanoparticle temperature decay and the factor that scales emission from the nanoparticles to the observed signal. Unexpected temporal effects in the latter quantity are examined as an additional source of information that TiRe-LII practitioners can use for nanoparticle characterization and for diagnosing problems with measurement devices. Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to calculate the thermal accommodation coefficient, a parameter fundamental to the heat transfer model used in interpreting the inferred nanoparticle temperature decay, using the results are used in an analysis of TiRe-LII collected from iron, silver, and molybdenum nanoparticles. The cross-comparison of these materials highlights the utility of the developed analysis tools and provides fundamental insights into both nanoscale physics and bulk thermophysical properties. This dissertation concludes with a critical discussion of model development, emphasizing the importance of complexity and uncertainty in model selection. This is particularly important in the context of the context of the increasingly divergent set of TiRe-LII models available in the literature, indicative of model tuning. In summary, this dissertation not only presents direct improvements to the spectroscopic and heat transfer models used in traditional TiRe-LII analysis but also presents a set of new approaches by which the remaining challenges in TiRe-LII analysis can be resolved.
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Laser Induced Incandescence Towards Nanoparticle Soot Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning Volume 4 written by Rajiv Kohli and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this series Rajiv Kohli and Kash Mittal have brought together the work of experts from different industry sectors and backgrounds to provide a state-of-the-art survey and best-practice guidance for scientists and engineers engaged in surface cleaning or handling the consequences of surface contamination. The expert contributions in this volume cover important fundamental aspects of surface contamination that are key to understanding the behavior of specific types of contaminants. This understanding is essential to develop preventative and mitigation methods for contamination control. The coverage complements the treatment of surface contamination in vol.1, Fundamental and Applied Aspects. This volume covers: Sources and Generation of Particles; Manipulation Techniques for Particles on Surfaces; Particle Deposition and Rebound; Particle Behavior in Liquid Systems; Biological and Metallic Contamination; and includes a comprehensive list of current standards and resources. Comprehensive coverage of innovations in surface contamination and cleaning Written by established experts in the contamination and cleaning field Each chapter is a comprehensive review of the state of the art Case studies included
Download or read book Laser induced Incandescence written by Christof Schultz and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sixth International Microgravity Combustion Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NIST Building Fire Research Laboratory Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning Volume 12 written by Rajiv Kohli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-06-08 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning: Methods for Assessment and Verification of Cleanliness of Surfaces and Characterization of Surface Contaminants, Volume Twelve, the latest release in the Developments in Surface Contamination and Cleaning series, provides best practices on determining surface cleanliness. Chapters include an introduction to the nature and size of particles, a discussion of cleanliness levels, detailed coverage of measurement methods, characterization methods and analytical methods for evaluating surfaces, and an overview of analysis methods for various contaminants. As a whole, the series creates a unique and comprehensive knowledge base for those in research and development in a variety of industries. Manufacturing, quality control and procurement specification professionals in the aerospace, automotive, biomedical, defense, energy, manufacturing, microelectronics, optics and xerography industries will find this book to be very helpful. In addition, researchers in an academic setting will also find these volumes excellent source books. Includes an extensive listing, with a description of available methods for the assessment of surface cleanliness Provides a single source of information on methods for verification of surface cleanliness Serves as a guide to the selection, assessment and verification of methods for specific applications
Download or read book Sensors for Everyday Life written by Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-14 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an up-to-date overview of the concepts, modeling, technical and technological details and practical applications of different types of sensors, and discusses the trends of next generation of sensors and systems for environmental and food engineering. This book is aimed at researchers, graduate students, academics and industry professionals working in the field of environmental and food engineering, environmental monitoring, precision agriculture and food quality control.
Download or read book Progress Report for Combustion and Emission Control for Advanced CIDI Engines written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Laser Induced Incandescence LII written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 38th AIAA ASME SAE ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference Exhibit 02 3700 02 3749 written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Combustion Diagnostics written by KoHse-HoingHaus and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 2002-04-26 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors have assembled a world-class group of contributors who address the questions the combustion diagnostic community faces. They are chemists who identify the species to be measured and the interfering substances that may be present; physicists, who push the limits of laser spectroscopy and laser devices and who conceive suitable measurement schemes; and engineers, who know combustion systems and processes. This book assists in providing guidance for the planning of combustion experiments, in judging research strategies and in conceiving new ideas for combustion research. It provides a snapshot of the available diagnostic methods and thier typical applications from the perspective of leading experts in the field.
Download or read book Building and Fire Research Laboratory Publications written by Building and Fire Research Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fourth International Microgravity Combustion Workshop written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2008 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
