Download or read book Development Fabrication and Characterisation of Novel Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bone Tissue Engineering written by Jeffrey O. Hollinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-10-14 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on bone biology, Bone Tissue Engineering integrates basic sciences with tissue engineering. It includes contributions from world-renowned researchers and clinicians who discuss key topics such as different models and approaches to bone tissue engineering, as well as exciting clinical applications for patients. Divided into four sections, t

Download or read book Characterisation and Design of Tissue Scaffolds written by Paul Tomlins and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterisation and Design of Tissue Scaffolds offers scientists a useful guide on the characterization of tissue scaffolds, detailing what needs to be measured and why, how such measurements can be made, and addressing industrially important issues. Part one provides readers with information on the fundamental considerations in the characterization of tissue scaffolds, while other sections detail how to prepare tissue scaffolds, discuss techniques in characterization, and present practical considerations for manufacturers. Summarizes concepts and current practice in the characterization and design of tissue scaffolds Discusses design and preparation of scaffolds Details how to prepare tissue scaffolds, discusses techniques in characterization, and presents practical considerations for manufacturers

Download or read book Fabrication and Characterisation of Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering written by Ali A. Salifu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fabrication and Characterization of Bioactive Composite Electrospun Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Intended for Cleft Palate Repair written by Parthasarathy Annapillai Madurantakam and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tissue Engineering is a scientific discipline that aims to regenerate tissues and organs that are diseased, lost or congenitally absent. It encompasses the use of suitable synthetic equivalents of native extracellular matrix that may or may not be supplemented with cells or relevant growth factors. Such scaffolds are designed to reside at the site of implantation for a variable period of time during which they induce the regeneration of native tissue. During this time, they also provide a template for new cells to attach, infiltrate, differentiate into appropriate phenotype and eventually restore function of the concerned tissue. Among the factors that affect the outcome are the composition of scaffold, methods of fabrication, bulk properties of the scaffold and topography and architecture at the cellular level. Bone is unique in the body in that it is one of the few tissues capable of complete regeneration even in adults, as seen during fracture healing. However, certain conditions (non-union of fractures, congenital and acquired bone deficiencies) exist in which the regenerative capacities of bone are exceeded and appropriate intervention becomes necessary. Current treatment options include autologous bone grafts harvested from iliac crest or de-cellularized allografts or synthetic substitutes made from metals, ceramics and polymers. However these options have serious limitations: while autografts are limited in supply, necessitate second surgery and show inadequate vascularization, allografts can transmit viral infections. Metals, ceramics and polymers are in essence structural replacements without performing any biological function. Other problems associated with these synthetic materials include adverse immune reactions, corrosion, stress-shielding and secondary fractures due to inadequate osseo-integration. Bone tissue engineering is a specialized field of research that provides an alternative strategy to repair bone defects by exploiting the advances in engineering and better understanding of bone biology. Scaffold-based tissue engineering approach is a promising field that involves implantation of a biomaterial that is specifically matched in terms of biological and material properties to the tissue it replaces. This study explores the feasibility of using electrospinning as a potential fabrication strategy for bone tissue engineering applications, more specifically intended for cleft palate repair. This model represents a congenital deformity that affects both hard and soft tissues and presents unique challenges and opportunities. Among the challenges are: the need for the implant allow growth of the most complex areas of the facial skeleton, integrate and grow with the patient through adolescence, the ability of the implant to not interfere with vital functions including breathing and feeding. Further the implant should provide a flexible matrix that can effectively support erupting teeth. In spite of these extreme demands, maxilla is a non load-bearing membranous bone, a favorable consideration from materials engineering perspective. The present study is organized into three independent sections. The first section investigates developing strategies intended to improve the material properties of electrospun bone scaffold. Bone is composed of a high volume fraction (50%) of inorganic hydroxyapatite nanocrystals that is closely associated with collagen. The dispersal of brittle mineral is critical in not only strengthening the bone in compression but also contributes to the osteoconductivity of the matrix. Since loading of mineral in a bone scaffold is a serious limitation, we attempted to achieve improved loading of bone mineral by dual mineralization approach. We first incorporated nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nHA) directly into the scaffold by adding it to the electrospinning polymer solution. The second step involves inducing biomimetic mineralization of electrospun scaffolds by incubating them in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 2 weeks. The hypothesis was that the nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite seeded during electrospinning would act as sites for nucleation and further crystal growth when incubated in solution supersaturated with respect to calcium and phosphate ions. We tested this approach in two synthetic, biocompatible polymers-polydioxanone and poly (lactide: glycolide) and four formulations of SBF with differential loading of nHA (0-50% by wt. of polymer). A modified Alizarin Red S (ARS) staining that specifically binds to calcium was developed that allowed us to quantify the mineral content of 3D scaffold with great accuracy. Results indicated a unique combination of factors: PDO scaffolds containing 50% nHA incubated in 1x revised-SBF incubated under static conditions gave maximum mineralization over a period of two weeks. We then sought to exploit these findings to engineer a stiffer scaffold by stacking multiple layers together and cold welding them under high pressure. Electrospun scaffolds (1, 2 or 4 layered stacks) were either compressed before or after mineralizing treatment with SBF. After two weeks, scaffolds were analyzed for total mineral content and stiffness by uniaxial tensile testing. Results indicated while compression of multiple layers significantly increases the stiffness of scaffolds, it also had lower levels of mineralization partly due to increased density of fibers and loss of surface area due to fiber welding. However this can be offset to a reasonable degree by increasing the number of stacks and hence this strategy can be successfully adopted to improve the mechanical properties of electrospun scaffolds. The second section introduces a novel infrared imaging technique to quantify and characterize the biological activity of biomaterials, based on cell adhesion. Cells attach to the surface by the formation of focal contacts where multiple proteins including vinculin and talin assemble to signal critical processes like cell survival, migration, proliferation and differentiation. After allowing MG-63 osteoblasts to adhere to 2D biomaterial surface coated with extracellular matrix proteins (collagen, gelatin, fibronectin) cells were fixed and probed with antibodies for vinculin and talin. Secondary antibodies, tagged with infrared-sensitive fluorescent dyes, were used to quantify the molecules of interest. In addition, the kinetics of focal contact formation in these different substrates was followed. Successful quantification of focal contacts were made and further research revealed phosphorylation of vinculin at pY-822 as one potential mechanism for recruitment of vinculin to focal contacts. Hence it could represent a subset of vinculin and might serve as a specific molecular marker for focal contacts. As an extension, we evaluated the possibility of using such an assay to quantify 3D electrospun tissue engineering scaffolds. We fabricated scaffolds of graded biological activity by electrospinning blends of polydioxanone and collagen in different ratios. Vinculin and talin expressed by MG-63 cultured on these scaffolds for 24 hours were quantified in a similar manner. Results indicate that while talin does not show a significant difference in expression among different scaffolds, vinculin showed a positive correlation with increasing biological activity of scaffolds. In conclusion, we have identified vinculin as a reliable marker of focal contacts in 3D scaffolds while phosphovinculin (pY-822) was more specific to focal contacts in coated 2D substrates. In both instances, infrared imaging proved to be reliable in study of focal contacts. The third section aims to make the bone scaffolds osteoinductive- a property of a material to induce new bone formation even when implanted in subcutaneous and intramuscular heterotopic sites. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are potent cytokines that can induce migration, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells along osteoblastic lineage. The therapeutic efficacy of BMPs in the treatment of severe bone defects has been identified and is currently FDA approved for specific orthopedic applications. BMPs are clinically administered in a buffer form that not only makes the treatment expensive but less effective. Suitable delivery systems for BMP delivery have been an intense area of investigation. We rationalized electrospinning as a strategy to incorporate BMP within the scaffold and that would enable controlled release when implanted. One of the drawbacks of using electrospinning to deliver bioactive molecules is the potential denaturing effect and eventual loss of activity of BMPs. The final section of this dissertation tries to develop sensitive and relevant assays that could answer intriguing questions about solvent-protein interaction. We chose to use the BMP-2/7 heterodimer as the osteoinductive molecule of choice because of its superior potency compared to homodimer counterparts. We characterized the detection and quantification of BMP-2/7 using a slot blot technique. Further, we used a novel cell line (C2C12 BRA) to test the retention of activity of BMP-2/7 that has been exposed to organic solvents. Results indicate significant loss of activity when BMPs are exposed to organic solvents but complete recovery was possible by diluting the solvent with an aqueous buffer.

Download or read book Advanced Bioimaging Technologies in Assessment of the Quality of Bone and Scaffold Materials written by L. Qin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-28 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a perspective on the current status of bioimaging technologies developed to assess the quality of musculoskeletal tissue with an emphasis on bone and cartilage. It offers evaluations of scaffold biomaterials developed for enhancing the repair of musculoskeletal tissues. These bioimaging techniques include micro-CT, nano-CT, pQCT/QCT, MRI, and ultrasound.

Download or read book Novel Microsphere Based Spiral Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering written by Mayur Thakore and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Developments in Tissue Engineering and Regeneration written by Paulo Rui Fernandes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-03-27 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a new contribution for the field of Tissue Engineering with a focus on the development of mathematical and computational methods that are relevant to understand human tissues, as well to model, design, and fabricate optimized and smart scaffolds. The multidisciplinary character of this field has motivated contributions from different areas with a common objective to replace damaged tissues and organs by healthy ones. This work treats tissue healing approaches, mathematic modelling for scaffold design and bio fabrication methods, giving the reader a broad view of the state of the art in Tissue Engineering. The present book contains contributions from recognized researchers in the field, who were keynote speakers in the Fourth International Conference on Tissue Engineering, held in Lisbon in 2015, and covering different aspects of Tissue Engineering. The book is strongly connected with the conference series of ECCOMAS Thematic Conferences on Tissue Engineering, an event that brings together a considerable number of researchers from all over the world, representing several fields of study related to Tissue Engineering.

Download or read book Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds Volume One written by Masoud Mozafari and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds: Volume One, provides a comprehensive and authoritative review on recent advancements in the application and use of composite scaffolds in tissue engineering. Chapters focus on specific tissue/organ (mostly on the structure and anatomy), the materials used for treatment, natural composite scaffolds, synthetic composite scaffolds, fabrication techniques, innovative materials and approaches for scaffolds preparation, host response to the scaffolds, challenges and future perspectives, and more. Bringing all the information together in one major reference, the authors systematically review and summarize recent research findings, thus providing an in-depth understanding of scaffold use in different body systems. Dedicated to the specialist topic of composite scaffolds, featuring all human body systems Covers basic fundamentals and advanced clinical applications Includes up-to-date information on preparation methodology and characterization techniques Highlights clinical data and case studies

Download or read book Emerging Materials and Technologies for Bone Repair and Regeneration written by Ashok Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers advancements in the field of bone repair and regeneration. It introduces bone development, repair, and regeneration and details different biomaterials and technologies involved in the fabrication and characterization of bone-related scaffolds and implants. The book explores nanotechnological intervention and folklore phytomedicines and their prospects in regenerating bone including major bone related disease conditions, infection, and their tackling via tissue engineering strategies. FEATURES: Covers polymer materials and technologies for bone repair and regeneration based on tissue engineering Defines the interdisciplinary mechanism of bone tissue repair ranging from the fields of material science, nanotechnology, and phytomedicine includes basic sciences, scaffolds, and bone infection Examines fabrication and characterization methods for the bone repair materials Reviews fundamentals of interlinked mechanisms of bone development, repair, and regeneration. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in biomedical and tissue engineering and biomaterial sciences.

Download or read book Tissue Engineering written by Paulo Rui Fernandes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-31 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the state of the art on computational modeling and fabrication in Tissue Engineering. It is inspired by the ECCOMAS thematic conference, the European Committee on Computational Methods in Applied Sciences, on Tissue Engineering, held in Lisbon, Portugal, June 2-4, 2011. Tissue Engineering is a multidisciplinary field involving scientists from different fields. The development of mathematical methods is quite relevant to understand cell biology and human tissues as well to model, design and fabricate optimized and smart scaffolds. Emphasis is put on mathematical and computational modeling for scaffold design and fabrication. This particular area of tissue engineering, whose goal is to obtain substitutes for hard tissues such as bone and cartilage, is growing in importance.

Download or read book Biodegradable Polymer Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering written by Naznin Sultana and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-16 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the principles, methods and applications of biodegradable polymer based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The general principle of bone tissue engineering is reviewed and the traditional and novel scaffolding materials, their properties and scaffold fabrication techniques are explored. By acting as temporary synthetic extracellular matrices for cell accommodation, proliferation, and differentiation, scaffolds play a pivotal role in tissue engineering. This book does not only provide the comprehensive summary of the current trends in scaffolding design but also presents the new trends and directions for scaffold development for the ever expanding tissue engineering applications.

Download or read book Novel Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering 2018 written by Emmanuel Stratakis and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Novel Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering 2018" that was published in IJMS

Download or read book A Manual For Biomaterials scaffold Fabrication Technology written by Gilson Khang and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2007-07-03 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tissue engineering has been recognized as offering an alternative technique to whole-organ and tissue transplantation for diseased, failed, or malfunctioned organs. To reconstruct a new tissue via tissue engineering, the following triad components are needed: (1) cells which are harvested and dissociated from the donor tissue; (2) biomaterials as scaffold substrates in which cells are attached and cultured, resulting in implantation at the desired site of the functioning tissue; and (3) growth factors which promote and/or prevent cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Of these three key components, scaffolds play a critical role in tissue engineering. This timely book focuses on the preparation and characterization of scaffold biomaterials for the application of tissue-engineered scaffolds. More importantly, it serves as an experimental guidebook on the standardization of the fabrication process and characterization of scaffolding technology.

Download or read book Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering written by Claudio Migliaresi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-06-10 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scaffolds for tissue engineering are devices that exploit specific and complex physical and biological functions, in vitro or in vivo, and communicate through biochemical and physical signals with cells and, when implanted, with the body environment. Scaffolds are produced mainly with synthetic materials, and their fabrication technologies are deri

Download or read book Fabrication and Characterisation of 3 D Porous Bioactive Glass ceramic written by Darmawati Mohamad Yunos and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing tissue engineering scaffolds with the required mechanical properties andfavourable microstructure to promote cell attachment, growth and new tissueformation is one of the key challenges in the tissue engineering field. An importantclass of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering is based on bioceramics and bioactiveglasses. The primary disadvantage of these materials is their low fracture resistanceunder load and their high brittleness. These drawbacks are exacerbated by the fact thatoptimal scaffolds must be highly porous (>90% porosity). As a main focus of thisthesis, a novel approach was investigated to enhance the structural integrity, fracturestrength and toughness of partially sintered 45S5 Bioglass? based glass-ceramicscaffolds by polymer infiltration and to develop an understanding of the interaction ofthese two phases in the final composite structure. Commercially available syntheticpoly(D, L-Lactic acid) (PDLLA) was incorporated as a coating onto the partiallysintered Bioglass? based scaffolds by dipping technique. Two natural polymerssynthesised from bacteria, which exhibit different properties to those of PDLLA, werealso investigated: i.e. poly(3-hydroxybutryate) (P(3HB)) and poly(3-hydroxyoctanoate) (P(3HO)). The work of fracture of partially sintered 45S5Bioglass? scaffolds was significantly improved by forming interpenetrating polymerbioceramicmicrostructures which mimic the composite structure of bone. It wasdemonstrated that coating with polymers such as PDLLA, P(3HB) and P(3HO) doesnot impede the bioactivity of the scaffolds but the extent of bioactivity, given by thekinetic of HA formation, was seen to depend on polymer type and on scaffoldsintering conditions. Polymer coated 45S5 Bioglass? pellets sintered at the samecondition as the scaffolds and immersed in SBF were investigated to better evaluatethe bioactivity mechanism and interfacial properties of the materials. It wasdemonstrated that polymer coated 45S5 Bioglass? based glass-ceramic scaffolds canhave higher bioactivity and improved fracture toughness when the basic scaffoldstructure is sintered at relative lower sintering temperatures leaving residual openporosity which can be efficiently infiltrated by the polymer. A bilayered scaffold structure was also designed and fabricated to develop for the firsttime a porous bioactive glass-ceramic scaffold coated with PDLLA nanofibers. Electrospinning was used to deposit a PDLLA fibrous layer on top of the bioactive glass scaffold. These scaffolds were developed for osteochondral tissue engineeringapplications. SBF studies showed that the extent of mineralisation of the PDLLAfibres depended on the fibrous mesh thickness. PDLLA fibres deposited for 2 hoursdid not mineralise when immersed for 7, 14 and 28 days in SBF making the structuresuitable for osteochondral defect applications. Initial in vitro cell response studiesshowed that the bilayered scaffolds were non toxic and chondrocyte cells were able toproliferate on the PDLLA fibre layers, demonstrating the potential of the novelscaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering.

Download or read book Bioceramics and Biocomposites written by Iulian Antoniac and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of the research into and clinical uses of bioceramics and biocomposites Developments related to bioceramics and biocomposites appear to be one the most dynamic areas in the field of biomaterials, with multiple applications in tissue engineering and medical devices. This book covers the basic science and engineering of bioceramics and biocomposites for applications in dentistry and orthopedics, as well as the state-of-the-art aspects of biofabrication techniques, tissue engineering, remodeling, and regeneration of bone tissue. It also provides insight into the use of bionanomaterials to create new functionalities when interfaced with biological molecules or structures. Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, Bioceramics and Biocomposites: From Research to Use in Clinical Practice offers complete coverage of everything from extending the concept of hemopoietic and stromal niches, to the evolution of bioceramic-based scaffolds. It looks at perspectives on and trends in bioceramics in endodontics, and discusses the influence of newer biomaterials use on the structuring of the clinician’s attitude in dental practice or in orthopedic surgery. The book also covers such topics as biofabrication techniques for bioceramics and biocomposites; glass ceramics: calcium phosphate coatings; brain drug delivery bone substitutes; and much more. Presents the biggest trends in bioceramics and biocomposites relating to medical devices and tissue engineering products Systematically presents new information about bioceramics and biocomposites, developing diagnostics and improving treatments and their influence on the clinicians' approaches Describes how to use these biomaterials to create new functionalities when interfaced with biological molecules or structures Offers a range of applications in clinical practice, including bone tissue engineering, remodeling, and regeneration Delineates essential requirements for resorbable bioceramics Discusses clinical results obtained in dental and orthopedic applications Bioceramics and Biocomposites: From Research to Use in Clinical Practice is an excellent resource for biomaterials scientists and engineers, bioengineers, materials scientists, and engineers. It will also benefit mechanical engineers and biochemists who work with biomaterials scientists.