Download or read book Development and Validation of Extraction and Analytical Methods for Speciation Analysis of Selenised Yeast Using Hyphenated Mass Spectrometric Techniques written by Patrick Thomas Ward and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selenium is an essential trace element for human and animal health. Numerous studies reported selenium to possess antioxidant effects, anticarcinogenicity and fertility improvements to name a few. The assimilation of selenium into the yeast via the sulfur metabolic pathway creates selenised yeast which is one of the primary sources of selenium supplementation. In this thesis, novel approaches to the extraction and characterisation of commercial selenised yeast products are described. Extraction procedures were developed for selenomethionine determination. These methods involved both enzymatic and chemical extraction approaches and utilised microwave and ultrasonication energy for the purpose of liberating intracellular selenomethionine. Both the enzymatic and chemical extraction methods were subsequently validated for determination of the analyte. A quantitative assay was also developed for the determination of chiral enantiomers of selenomethionine. The method was applied to commercially-available selenised yeast to characterise any differences in the water-soluble extracts of the products. Significant differences were evident, not only from chiral composition but also from the selenocompounds present in the water extract. Further screening of the water extract by HPLC-ICP-MS revealed numerous other selenocompounds. While coupling of HPLC to ICP-MS was sufficient as an investigative screening tool, selenocompound identification was not possible unless a standard of the analyte was available. To combat these issues other mass spectrometric techniques were investigated. The target water-soluble extracts were lyophilised and resuspended to increase analyte concentration and were analysed by liquid chromatography electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS). Selenium-containing species were confirmed by selenium's unique isotopic pattern. Determination of the elemental composition and proposed structure of some of these previously unreported selenocompounds was possible due to the accurate molecular mass from the first mass analyser and from MS2 fragmentation analysis. Therefore, LC- ESI-QTOF-MS may be used as a fingerprint tool to make comparisons between commercially-available selenised yeast products.
Download or read book Hyphenated Techniques in Speciation Analysis written by Ryszard Lobinski and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speciation analysis is a field of trace element analytical chemistry that deals with detection, identification and determination of individual chemical forms of metals and metalloids. There has been increased awareness of the importance of elemental speciation over the last 20 years and this has lead to growing demand for analytical techniques capable of providing species-specific information. Hyphenated Techniques in Speciation Analysis offers a brief but comprehensive overview of hyphenated techniques and their various applications for the determination of chemical forms of trace elements. It brings a succinct presentation of the concept of speciation analysis, gives an overview of techniques based on coupling of chromatography with element and molecule specific detection and summarises their applications in the fields of environmental and industrial chemistry, biochemistry, nutrition, toxicology and medicine. Fully referenced, Hyphenated Techniques in Speciation Analysis is an invaluable introduction to elemental speciation analysis and also provides a practising analyst with a critical overview of research carried out in the field.
Download or read book Development of Liquid Chromatography mass Spectrometric Assays and Sample Preparation Methods for the Biological Sample Analysis written by Sujatha Chilakala and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of biosample analysis encompasses a very broad range of assays which support the clinical and nonclinical studies. Biosample analysis is used to provide a quantitative or qualitative measure of the active drug and/or its metabolite(s) in the biological matrix for the purpose of pharmacokinetics, toxicokinetics, bioequivalence, and exposure-response (pharmacokinetics /pharmacodynamics) studies. Due to the significance of pharmacological analysis, sensitive, reproducible and robust analytical methods are critically needed for pharmacological studies of the biosamples. A bioanalytical method mainly contains two components I) Sample preparation II) detection of the compound. Therefore, the main aims of this thesis are the development of quantitative and qualitative analytical methods for the target compounds using LC-MS(/MS) and development of accelerated sample preparation for high throughput sample analysis for DNA and proteins.In this dissertation, a brief review on the method rationale, workflow of the method development, sample preparation methods, instrumentations and analytical method validation, are discussed in Chapter 1. Also, research projects were discussed and the techniques used in the experiments for this thesis were reviewed. As so, chapter II and III were mainly focused on the accelerated sample preparation methods for the high throughput sample analysis of DNA and proteins respectively, where the sample preparation time was significantly reduced from hours to minutes, which are suitable for qualitative and quantitative analysis of DNA and proteins. In Chapter IV, a systematic study on the structural characterization of the model glycoprotein Human IgG was described. In chapter V successful development of LC-MS method was developed for the determination of Oxygen -18 isotope enrichment in the phosphate samples in the positional isotope exchange reactions to study the reversibility of certain enzymatic reactions was described. Successful development and validation of a new and sensitive analytical LC-MS/MS method for the determination and quantitation of incorporation rates of decitabine, an anti-cancer drug which can be applied to determine the sensitivity and responsiveness in patients treated with decitabine was described in Chapter VI.
Download or read book Liquid Chromatography written by B. Michalke and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-01-08 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter describes strategies and methods for speciation investigations using mainly hyphenated techniques of liquid chromatography with element-specific detection. Complete speciation schemes are discussed, starting with the sources of error and problem solutions for sampling and ending with more dimensional, orthogonally chosen coupled-speciation techniques for quality controlled results. The focus in each section is directed to the specific problems being faced with respect to speciation analysis: species stability during sample storage and processing, the choice of the most suitable speciation approaches (direct methods or hyphenated techniques), species separation techniques ranging from ultrafiltration to various forms of liquid chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, discussing their advantageous as well as their (undesired) potential of changing species. Further, problems in interfacing to element-specific detectors, mainly plasma-based detectors like ICP OES and ICP MS are reported. The chapter concludes with aspects of quality control, including sources of errors and strategies to overcome such problems, such as orthogonal speciation concepts.
Download or read book Handbook of Elemental Speciation written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-01-09 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This international collection of chapters comprehensively covers different aspects of procedures for speciation analysis at all levels starting from sample collection and storage, through sample preparation approaches to render the species chromatographable, principles of separation techniques used in speciation analysis, to the element specific detection. International renowned editors and contributors Includes coverage of electrochemical methods, biosensors for metal ions, radioisotope techniques and direct solid speciation techniques Provides information on quality assurance and risk assessment, and speciation-relevant legislation Each chapter is a stand-alone reference covering a given facet of elemental speciation analysis written by an expert in a given field with the volume as a whole providing an excellent introductory text and reference handbook.
Download or read book Advances in Analytical Techniques and Methodology for Chemical Speciation Study written by Ottavia Giuffrè and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-05 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trends in Sample Preparation written by Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro Sampling for Solid and Slurries Analytical Methods; Microwave-assisted Procedures for Sample Preparation: Recent Developments; Trends in Sample Preparation using Combustion Techniques; Sample Preparation of Atmospheric Aerosols for Elemental Analysis and Fractionation Studies; Extraction and Pre-Concentration Techniques for Chromatographic Analysis; Strategies in Sample Preparation for Applications in Analytical Electrochemistry In-Line Sample Preparation in Flow Analysis; The Role of Vanguard-Rearguard Strategies in Sample Preparation in Routine AnaIytical Laboratories; Strategies for Sample Preparation Focusing on Biomolecules Determination/Characterization.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry SFE SFC MS Method Development for Online Extraction of Complex Biological and Environmental Matrices written by Blair Kristen Berger and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic approach to the rapid development of hyphenated online methods for supercritical fluid extraction-supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SFE-SFC-MS) was established for the analysis of complex biological and environmental samples with limited sample sizes. Extensive sample preparation and cleanup is incompatible with small sample sizes. Hyphenated online extractions offer major advantages desirable where sample quantity is limited. By minimizing sample preparation and handling, online extractions provide higher throughput, and minimizes the opportunity for sample contamination or loss. However, hyphenated methods have been difficult to develop since each step has its own requirements, which has slowed penetration into many areas which it should be ideally suited. Recent instrument advances provide new opportunity in online extraction with hyphenated SFE-SFC-MS. The first step involved synergistically optimizing MS-detection, SFC-separation, and SFE extraction. Reference materials and quality controls (QCs) were developed using two separate complex matrices: A micro-dried blood spot (DBS) coring technique for antidoping analysis, and microplastics (μPs) reference materials from cryomilled plastic pellets, for environmental pollutants polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A micro-DBS coring technique was established for the for anti-doping analysis was established for direct applicability to with application to androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) to reflect method validity for evaluation of real/field samples, For DBS: methods were optimized in a stepwise process for the separation and extraction of androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) were applied to micro-DBS made with human and bovine blood and final method optimizations were performed with focus for Anti-doping analysis. μP Field samples: Pre-optimized methods for the online extraction and separation of environmentally persistent organic pollutants (ePOPs) were applied to marine-exposed μPs and final method optimizations were performed with focus for the targeted analysis of PAHs. The goal was to contribute alternative solutions for blood-based anti-doping testing to current techniques and broaden the accessibility of online SFE-SFC to the scientific community.
Download or read book New Trends in Sample Preparation Techniques for Food Analysis written by Oscar Núñez Burcio and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays, there is a growing need for applications in food control and safety analysis to cope with the analysis of a large number of analytes in a very complex matrix. New analytical procedures are demanding sensitivity, robustness, effectiveness and high resolution within a reduced analysis time. Most of these requirements may be met to a certain extent by the total or partial automation of the conventional analytical methods, including sample preparation or sample pre-treatment coupled on-line to an analytical system. Despite the advances in chromatographic separations and mass spectrometry techniques, sample preparation is still one of the most important parts in any analytical method development and an effective sample preparation is essential for achieving good analytical results. Obviously, ideal sample preparation methods should be fast, accurate, precise and must keep sample integrity. For this reason, and over the last years, considerable efforts have been made to develop modern approaches in sample treatment techniques that enable the reduction of the analysis time without compromising the integrity of the extraction process. The aim of this book is to discuss new trends in sample preparation techniques applied to food analysis, and it will address not only the principles of each technique, but the most relevant applications in food control and safety analysis published over the few last years.
Download or read book Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation written by Josep M. Bayona and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 2998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation is a complete treatment of the theory and methodology of sampling in all physical phases and the theory of sample preparation for all major extraction techniques. It is the perfect starting point for researchers and students to design and implement their experiments and support those experiments with quality-reviewed background information. In its four volumes, fundamentals of sampling and sample preparation are reinforced through broad and detailed sections dealing with Biological and Medical, Environmental and Forensic, and Food and Beverage applications. The contributions are organized to reflect the way in which analytical chemists approach a problem. It is intended for a broad audience of analytical chemists, both educators and practitioners of the art and can assist in the preparation of courses as well in the selection of sampling and sample preparation techniques to address the challenges at hand. Above all, it is designed to be helpful in learning more about these topics, as well as to encourage an interest in sampling and sample preparation by outlining the present practice of the technology and by indicating research opportunities. Sampling and Sample preparation is a large and well-defined field in Analytical Chemistry, relevant for many application areas such as medicine, environmental science, biochemistry, pharmacology, geology, and food science. This work covers all these aspects and will be extremely useful to researchers and students, who can use it as a starting point to design and implement their experiments and for quality-reviewed background information There are limited resources that Educators can use to effectively teach the fundamental aspects of modern sample preparation technology. Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation addresses this need, but focuses on the common principles of new developments in extraction technologies rather than the differences between techniques thus facilitating a more thorough understanding Provides a complete overview of the field. Not only will help to save time, it will also help to make correct assessments and avoid costly mistakes in sampling in the process Sample and sample preparation are integral parts of the analytical process but are often less considered and sometimes even completely disregarded in the available literature. To fill this gap, leading scientists have contributed 130 chapters, organized in 4 volumes, covering all modern aspects of sampling and liquid, solid phase and membrane extractions, as well as the challenges associated with different types of matrices in relevant application areas
Download or read book Sample Preparation for Hyphenated Analytical Techniques written by Jack Rosenfeld and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-12 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linking “standard” but often mutually incompatible analytical techniques – so called hyphenation – generally leads to enhanced analytical performance, so hyphenated techniques are widely used in areas where samples are presented in complex matrices, eg environmental, pharmaceutical and biochemical analysis. With these hyphenated techniques, sample preparation is often the most time-consuming step in analysis, particularly where compounds are present in low concentration, and it has a huge influence on the quality of the analytical results. Sample preparation is still not given the importance it deserves, however. The purpose of this book is to demonstrate the sample preparation chemistry that has enabled the present sensitivity, specificity and high throughput available across a range of hyphenated analytical techniques, and to illustrate the successful utilization of existing sample preparation methodologies in various analytical applications. It identifies the problems in biology, environmental science and pharmaceutical chemistry that require new ideas in chemistry and provides considered opinion on those newer techniques that may address these problems. By dealing with wider issues than is generally found in review papers, this book will provide analytical chemists with insights that are not available by searching the literature for papers on a specific topic.
Download or read book High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Separation Coupled to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry for Elemental Speciation in Environmental Samples written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elemental speciation in environmental samples is a growing concern in scientific community. This is because the various species of an element can have radically different impact in terms of their essentiality/toxicity on our bio-geo system due to their difference in physico-chemical properties. Being present in very complex environmental matrices, the species are often present at very low concentration and thus require appropriate analytical methodologies to address them. Isolation of the analytes from the sample matrix requires careful consideration of sample preparation protocol in order to maintain the identity of the individual species. Elemental speciation often requires a chromatographic technique in order to separate individual species prior to their detection. A number of high performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed to separate the species of environmental interest. The liquid chromatographic separation techniques employed in the method development were size exclusion chromatography, reversed phase chromatography, and reversed phase ion pair chromatography. An inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used in hyphenation with the liquid chromatographic separation techniques as the detection system because of its low detection capability suitable for environmental analysis, sensitivity, multielemental detection as well as isobaric and polyatomic interference removal capability, and robustness. A size exclusion chromatographic technique followed by online ICPMS detection was developed for studying speciation of toxic trace metals and essential micronutrients bound to the humic substances in compost samples derived from urban solid waste. In a similar study the effect of the metal ions on the molecular weight distribution of humic substances were investigated. The metal ions associated with the humic substances were found to play a crucial role in the structural features of humic substances. A reversed phase ion pair HPLC separation technique followed by ICPMS detection was developed for phosphorus containing herbicides in river water samples. A reversed phase HPLC method followed by its hyphenation to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric detector was developed for separation and identification of cadmium-phytochelatin species. The method was applied to investigate long distance root to shoot transport of cadmium chaperoned by phytochelatins in genetically modified Arabidopsis thaliana, in comparison with the wild type plants.
Download or read book Yeast Protocols written by Wei Xiao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this second edition of a widely used classic laboratory manual, leading experts utilize the tremendous progress and technological advances that have occurred to create a completely new collection of not only the major basic techniques, but also advanced protocols for yeast research and for using yeast as a host to study genes from other organisms. The authors provide detailed methods for the isolation of subcellular components-including organelles and macromolecules, for the basic cellular and molecular analysis specific for yeast cells, and for the creation of conditional mutant phenotypes that lend themselves to powerful genome manipulation. Additional protocols offer advanced approaches to study genetic interactions, DNA and chromatin metabolism, gene expression, as well as the foreign genes and gene products in yeast cells.
Download or read book Elemental Speciation by Chromatographic Separations Interfaced to Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complete characterization of a metal requires the elucidation of properties such as its oxidation state or complex form. Elemental speciation has been defined as the analyses that lead to determining the distribution of an element2s particular chemical species in a sample. This information can be of great use when assessing the risks and benefits associated with particular elements. A large number of methods have been developed which utilize a multitude of different separation mechanisms and detection instruments. Both high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography were the primary separation techniques utilized in this work. Because of its robustness, sensitivity and multi-elemental capabilities, the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer has been routinely used for trace elemental analysis and as part of hyphenated systems for speciation analysis. Sample preparation is a critical area in elemental speciation analysis. It is important that techniques used to extract elemental species are as efficient in comparison to the harsh digestions employed in total elemental analysis. Microwave assisted extractions and enzymatic digestions have become popular ways in which to achieve this. Concentration may also be necessary as levels of elemental species may be quite low. An emerging technique to accomplish this is solid phase microextraction. The above techniques were used separately or in combination to speciate several important classes of compounds. These included the selenoamino acids (which are considered the most bioavailable form of selenium), the brominated flame retardants (bromine species incorporated into plastics to prevent fires), the organophosphorus pesticides (phosphorus compounds used in farming) and two oxidation states of chromium (one essential and one carcinogenic).
Download or read book Sample Preparation in Biological Mass Spectrometry written by Alexander R. Ivanov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide the researcher with important sample preparation strategies in a wide variety of analyte molecules, specimens, methods, and biological applications requiring mass spectrometric analysis as a detection end-point. In this volume we have compiled the contributions from several laboratories which are employing mass spectrometry for biological analysis. With the latest inventions and introduction of highly sophisticated mass spectrometry equipment sample preparation becomes an extremely important bottleneck of biomedical analysis. We have a goal of giving the reader several successful examples of sample preparation, development and optimization, leading to the success in analytical steps and proper conclusions made at the end of the day. This book is structured as a compilation of contributed chapters ranging from protocols to research articles and reviews. The main philosophy of this volume is that sample preparation methods have to be optimized and validated for every project, for every sample type and for every downstream analytical technique.
Download or read book Element Analysis of Biological Samples written by G. Venkatesh Iyengar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the development of innovative new analytical techniques for biological trace element research, today's trace element investigators face formidable obstacles to obtaining reliable data. This complete reference identifies and assesses the challenges the analyst encounters at each stage of an analysis, and discusses the effects of various techniques on the sample. Three internationally recognized scientists and authors consider the effects of the numerous collection, storage, and sample preparatory techniques used in sample analysis. Proper analytical quality control, including such critical factors as sampling and sample preparation, specimen preservation and storage, and ashing, is examined. The book also looks at sample preparation methods unique to various instruments and speciation chemistry issues, and examines the link between chemical analysis and specimen banking. A previously unrecognized source of error, presampling factors, is also discussed.
Download or read book SELDI TOF Mass Spectrometry written by Charlotte H. Clarke and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2011-11-18 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SELDI is distinct from other TOF-MS technologies in that it couples features of chromatography and mass spectrometry, facilitating analyte enrichment and sample cleanup on an array surface. In the growing field of proteomics, SELDI technology has been widely used for biomarker discovery and characterization in diverse applications including diagnostics, drug development, and basic research. SELDI-based biomarker studies can typically be divided into four phases: discovery, validation, purification and identification, and assay development. SELDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Methods and Protocols provides an overview of the current applications of SELDI-TOF MS (surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry), with an emphasis on study and experimental design, data analysis and interpretation, and assay development. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters contain introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and accessible, SELDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry: Methods and Protocols will provide information on optimizing study design, experimental protocols, and data analysis and interpretation to yield robust biomarkers and biomarker assays, using examples from different disease areas.
