Download or read book Development and Modelling of Ultrasonic Methods for Flow Measurement in Oil Production Pipelines written by Gregor J. Brown and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phase Flow Rate Measurements of Annular Flows written by Qahtan Al-Yarubi and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the international oil and gas industry multiphase annular flow in pipelines and wells is extremely important, but not well understood. This thesis reports the development of an efficient and cheap method for measuring the phase flow rates in two phase annular and annular mist flow, in which the liquid phase is electrically conducting, using ultrasonic and conductance techniques. The method measures changes in the conductance of the liquid film formed during annular flow and uses these to calculate the volumetric and mass flow rates of the liquid film. The gas velocity in the core of the annular flow is measured using an ultrasonic technique. Combined with an entrainment model and the liquid film measurements described above, the ultrasonic technique enables the volumetric flow rate of the gas in the core and the volumetric and mass flow rates of entrained liquid droplets to be measured. This study was based on experimental work and the use of modelling techniques. The practical investigation comprised a series of experiments conducted on a purpose built flow loop in which the test section was a Perspex pipe of 50mm ID. The experimental work was limited to two-phase air-water flow. The flow loop was specifically designed to accommodate the different instruments and subsystems designed in this investigation including bespoke flow meters and a film extraction system. Most flow loop controls were automated using a MATLAB program. Reference measurement of the total water flow rate was made using a calibrated turbine flow meter and of the air flow rate using a calibrated rotameter. For the combined ultrasonic/conductance method investigated in this thesis, the velocity of the gas in the core was found using a novel Ultrasonic Flow Meter (USFM). The positioning and arrangement of the transducers have never been used previously. The flow velocity of the liquid film and the thickness of the film were measured using a novel Conductance Flow Meter (CFM). The CFM measured the liquid film thickness using novel wall conductance probes. By cross correlating the signals from a pair of such probes the film velocity was obtained. Good agreement of the experimental results obtained from the CFM and USFM with results published in the literature was found. Although not investigated experimentally in the work described in this thesis, annular flows encountered in the oil industry may contain a liquid phase comprising a mixture of oil and water. For such flows, the volume fractions of the oil and water can be measured using an automated bypass system developed during this project. The bypass system periodically extracts part of the liquid film, measures its density and then releases the sample back into the pipeline. The liquid phase volume fractions are determined from this density measurement which can be performed more than once per minute. An entrainment model was developed, which is required by the ultrasonic/conductance flow metering technique described in this thesis, in which the mass fraction of the liquid flowing as entrained droplets in the core can be determined from the liquid film thickness and velocity measurements. A mathematical model was also developed to describe the properties of the liquid film, such as liquid velocity profile within the film, and the model?s results were found to agree with the experimental results obtained during the project and also with previous work cited in the literature. The complexity of this latter model was reduced by making a number of simplifying assumptions, which are presented and discussed in the thesis, including the assumption that in annular flow there is a dynamic balance liquid entrainment and droplets being deposited back onto the film. The combination of the designed CFM and USFM with the bypass tube and the entrainment model offer the opportunity for a?wet gas? flow meter to be developed to measure two and three phase annular flows at relatively low cost and with enhanced accuracy. Such a device would have the advantage that it would by substantially smaller than systems using separators and it could even be retrofitted onto off-shore platforms. The integration of the subsystems developed in this project into a single system capable of giving on-line measurements of annular flow would be a major benefit to the author?s sponsor, Petroleum Development of Oman.

Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-10 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ultrasonic Flow Measurement for Pipe Installations with Non ideal Conditions written by Devin M. Stoker and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the arid west, water is among the most valuable of resources. Typically, in order to successfully and accurately measure a flow rate using most types of flow meters, it is recommended that a straight section of pipe be installed immediately upstream from the flow meter to avoid distorted flow patterns and extreme turbulence at the metering location. In many field piping situations, however, such flow conditions are impossible to achieve. The performance of ultrasonic flow meters in non-ideal piping scenarios was studied using laboratory experiments and numerical Computational Fluid Dynamics models. A Fuji PortaflowX clamp-on transit-time ultrasonic flow meter was calibrated in the laboratory and performed well within the manufacturer's stated level of accuracy of [plus or minus] 1% for straight pipe. The ultrasonic flow meter was also used downstream of a single 12-inch long-radius elbow and the error in flow measurement resulting from the flow disturbance was measured. These tests were performed at four locations downstream of the elbow, at three orientations on the circumference of the pipe, and for three flow rates with Reynolds numbers ranging from 250,000 to 750,000. Using the same physical conditions, numerical models were built that utilized the realizable k- [epsilon] eddy viscosity model for turbulent flows. The resulting downstream velocity profiles from the numerical models were used to integrate the velocity of the flow across the ultrasonic signal path. The resulting velocity profiles were compared to similar profiles for fully developed flow to determine the error in flow measurement. The ultrasonic flow meter measurement errors downstream of the elbow were always negative, and were found to be as great as -16%. In general, the ultrasonic flow meter performed less accurately closer to the elbow due to the turbulent fluctuations and flow separation created by the elbow. A correction curve was applied to the results of this study, which provided a method to correct the ultrasonic flow measurement. By applying the correction equation to the laboratory ultrasonic flow meter measurements downstream of the elbow, the measurement error was reduced by nearly 90%. Computational Fluid Dynamics appears to be a viable tool for studying flow disturbances and making appropriate corrections for ultrasonic flow measurement in pipes.

Download or read book Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Systems written by Lester W. Schmerr Jr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-22 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a systems level approach, this book employs aspects of linear systems theory and wave propagation and scattering theory to develop a comprehensive model of an entire ultrasonic measurement system. This integrated approach leads to a new model-based engineering technology for designing, using and optimizing ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation inspections. In addition, the book incorporates MATLAB examples and exercises.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Fifth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering written by Baojiang Sun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ultrasonic Measurements for Process Control written by Lawrence C. Lynnworth and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-07-19 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineers, scientists, and technologists will find here, for the first time, a clear and comprehensive account of applications of ultrasonics in the field of process control. Using numerous examples of high-volume, low-cost applications, the author illustrates how the use of new transducer materials and designs, combined with microprocessor-based electronics, make technical and financial sense for concepts that only a few years ago might have been of interest only to academicians. Some of the important topics covered include coupling, acoustic isolation, transducer and sensor design, and signal detection in the presence of noise.

Download or read book Multiphase Flow Measurement in the Slug Regime Using Ultrasonic Measurement Techniques and Slug Closure Model written by Salem Al-lababidi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiphase flow in the oil and gas industry covers a wide range of flows. Thus, over thelast decade, the investigation, development and use of multiphase flow metering systemhave been a major focus for the industry worldwide. However, these meters do notperform well in slug flow conditions. The present work involves experimental investigations of multiphase flow measurementunder slug flow conditions. A two-phase gas/liquid facility was designed andconstructed at Cranfield University. It consisted of a 0.05 m diameter 25 m longhorizontal pipeline with the necessary instrumentation. An ultrasonic multiphase metering concept has been proposed and investigated. Theconcept was based on the combination of non-invasive and non-intrusive ultrasonicsensors and a slug closure model. The slug closure model was based on the "slug unit"model to infer the gas and liquid phase volumetric flowrates. The slug characteristics obtained by non-invasive and non-intrusive ultrasonictechniques were inputs to slug closure model which calculates the factors KI(Liquid), K2(Liquid), K3(Gas) and K4(Gas). These factors are function of the slip ratio in the slug body, flow profile (CO), drift velocity (Vd), liquid holdup and gas void fraction in slug body, slug length, film length, and the total length of the slug unit. Based on ultrasonic sensormeasurements, the slug translational velocity was estimated and the slug closure modelthen calculates the gas and liquid phase volumetric flowrates. Air water slug flow data were gathered and processed for a range of superficialvelocities VSL=0.3 to 1.03 ms 1 and VsG=0.6 to 3.01 ms 1. The overall goal of a 5%relative error metering for both phases was not achieved for the conditions tested. Theliquid phase percentage errors were from-63.6% to 45.4% while the gas phasepercentage errors were from 42% to -14.6%. Key words: slug flow, slug characteristics, slug closure model, non-invasive ultrasonic, non-intrusive ultrasonic, clamp-on transit time ultrasonic flowmeter.

Download or read book Multiphase Flow Measurement in the Slug Regime Using Ultrasonic Measurement Techniques and Slug Closure Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiphase flow in the oil and gas industry covers a wide range of flows. Thus, over the last decade, the investigation, development and use of multiphase flow metering system have been a major focus for the industry worldwide. However, these meters do not perform well in slug flow conditions. The present work involves experimental investigations of multiphase flow measurement under slug flow conditions. A two-phase gas/liquid facility was designed and constructed at Cranfield University. It consisted of a 0.05 m diameter 25 m long horizontal pipeline with the necessary instrumentation. An ultrasonic multiphase metering concept has been proposed and investigated. The concept was based on the combination of non-invasive and non-intrusive ultrasonic sensors and a slug closure model. The slug closure model was based on the "slug unit" model to infer the gas and liquid phase volumetric flowrates. The slug characteristics obtained by non-invasive and non-intrusive ultrasonic techniques were inputs to slug closure model which calculates the factors KI (Liquid), K2 (Liquid), K3 (Gas) and K4 (Gas). These factors are function of the slip ratio in the slug body, flow profile (CO), drift velocity (Vd), liquid holdup and gas void fraction in slug body, slug length, film length, and the total length of the slug unit. Based on ultrasonic sensor measurements, the slug translational velocity was estimated and the slug closure model then calculates the gas and liquid phase volumetric flowrates. Air water slug flow data were gathered and processed for a range of superficial velocities VSL=0.3 to 1.03 ms'1 and VsG=0.6 to 3.01 ms'1. The overall goal of a 5% relative error metering for both phases was not achieved for the conditions tested. The liquid phase percentage errors were from -63.6% to 45.4% while the gas phase percentage errors were from 42% to -14.6%. Key words: slug flow, slug characteristics, slug closure model, non-invasive ultrasonic, non-intrusive ultrasonic, clamp-on tr.

Download or read book High Accuracy Flow Rate Measurement for Water Supply and Dredged Slurry Transport Pipelines written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conventional techniques for high-accuracy ultrasonic flow measurement using multiple chordal paths in a pipe require drilling holes in the pipe for inserting the sensors. Under the Construction Productivity Advancement Research (CPAR) program, a research project was jointly undertaken by ORE and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for development of a new flow meter. The product developed is an externally mounted acoustic flow meter. The advantages of the 'clamp-on' type flow meter are as follows: (a) no contact with the fluid, (b) no welding or cutting of pipe necessary, (c) no operational shutdown needed for installation, repairs, or maintenance, (d) quick and easy installation, and (c) low cost of installation. The technology consists of the following: (a) conformal phased array transducers applied to a prepared surface at four to six locations on the exterior of the pipeline, and (b) a signal processing unit that generates acoustic signals for transmission between pairs of transducers installed above; receives and time-compresses the signals; determines precise acoustic travel times between one or more transducer pairs; and employs these measured travel times to determine the flow rate using algorithms well known to the flow measurement industry. The transducers are constructed of a relatively new material, PVDF. This material is found to be ideal for a flexible production transducer easily installable in the field conforming to a variety of pipe exterior dimensions. The new meter is a differential travel-time acoustic meter. The system measures the difference in travel time between signals propagating upstream and downstream between multiple pairs of transducers. Under no-flow conditions the travel time in each direction will be the same.

Download or read book Ultrasonic Tomography Non Invasive Techniques for Flow Measurement written by Ruzairi Abdul Rahim and published by Penerbit UTM Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real–time process monitoring plays a dominant role in many areas of industry and scientific research concerning liquid/gas two–phase flow. It is proven that the operation efficiency of a process is closely related to accurate measurement and control of hydrodynamic parameters such as flow regime and flow rate. Ultrasonic tomography has the potential for imaging liquid/gas flows. One of the advantages of ultrasonic tomography includes having the capability of performing non–invasive measurement. This book presents a detailed study on ultrasonic tomography, including the principle, design and development. The ultrasonic tomography system comprises 16–pairs of ultrasonic transducers, the electronic measurement circuits, the data–acquisition system and several image reconstruction algorithms. The measurement of the flows was conducted in real–time. The system was capable of visualizing the internal characteristics of liquid and gas flow and provides the concentration profile for the corresponding flows. The results obtained are useful for online monitoring of liquid/gas flows for flow regime identification, chemical mixture transportation or fluid transportation at sub–sea oil fields.

Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts Literature and Patents written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ultrasonic Measurement Methods written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrasonic Measurement Methods describes methods used in ultrasonic measurements and covers topics ranging from radiated fields of ultrasonic transducers to the measurement of ultrasonic velocity and ultrasonic attenuation, along with the physical principles of measurements with electromagnetic-acoustic transducers (EMATs). Optical detection of ultrasound and measurement of the electrical characteristics of piezoelectric devices are also examined. Comprised of seven chapters, this volume begins with an analysis of the radiated fields of ultrasonic transducers, followed by a discussion on the measurement of ultrasonic velocity and attenuation. The next chapter describes the physical principles of measurement with EMATs and the advantages of such devices based on their couplant-free operation. Optical detection of ultrasound is then considered, together with the problem of measuring the electrical characteristics of piezoelectric resonators and standard methods for obtaining the equivalent electrical parameter values. The final chapter is devoted to ultrasonic pulse scattering in solids and highlights many fascinating examples of wave scattering, some of which are accompanied by theoretical analysis. This book will be of interest to physicists.

Download or read book Optimization of Ultrasonic Flow Meters for Crude Oil Metering written by Isaac Kuma Yeboah and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optimization of liquid ultrasonic flow meter through modelling and simulation using the Reynolds and Nusselt number, is both a textbook and reference that engineers and technicians will want in their personal libraries. The three main objectives are: 1. A multipath meter with an integration method of velocity profile correction, to improve performance on high viscosity low Reynolds numbers applications. 2. Robustness in correcting asymmetric axial flow velocity profiles. 3. Compensation transverse flow components. Features include techniques such as velocity profile correction, accurate measurement at the lower flow range are shown in simulations.The type of oil samples which were considered are Light, Medium, Brad Penn, Heavy and Extra heavy oils. The use of analogies for modeling fluid flow, thermal and mechanical components. A brief introduction to computational fluid dynamics is presented, while any intelligent computer-literate person can run a CFD code.

Download or read book Ultrasonic Waves written by Auteliano Santos Jr. and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-07 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrasonic waves are well-known for their broad range of applications. They can be employed in various fields of knowledge such as medicine, engineering, physics, biology, materials etc. A characteristic presented in all applications is the simplicity of the instrumentation involved, even knowing that the methods are mostly very complex, sometimes requiring analytical and numerical developments. This book presents a number of state-of-the-art applications of ultrasonic waves, developed by the main researchers in their scientific fields from all around the world. Phased array modelling, ultrasonic thrusters, positioning systems, tomography, projection, gas hydrate bearing sediments and Doppler Velocimetry are some of the topics discussed, which, together with materials characterization, mining, corrosion, and gas removal by ultrasonic techniques, form an exciting set of updated knowledge. Theoretical advances on ultrasonic waves analysis are presented in every chapter, especially in those about modelling the generation and propagation of waves, and the influence of Goldberg's number on approximation for finite amplitude acoustic waves. Readers will find this book ta valuable source of information where authors describe their works in a clear way, basing them on relevant bibliographic references and actual challenges of their field of study.

Download or read book Utilizing of Transceiver Method to Identify Water and Oil Flow Regime Using Ultrasonic Tomography written by Mohd Norhafizzi Sidek and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tomography refers to imaging by sections or sectioning, through the use of any kind of penetrating wave. From point of view, process tomography refers to a method of acquiring the internal characteristics of pipelines flows or process vessel reaction from the measurement on the domain of interest. On recent years, the applications of tomography techniques were used by various fields such as in medical and also industrial process as it advantages to the system. For this project,both hardware and software used to demonstrate the system; hence the component in pipeline vessels can be analyzed. For the hardware part, it consists of ultrasonic sensor setup and electronic measurement setup which generate the pulse from the sensors through the pipeline. The output from the experiment was discussed and analyzed using oscilloscope. The purpose of this project is to develop a suitable ultrasonic tomography system for the pipeline. This project will produce 8x8 projections (8-transceiver) with utilizing of transceiver method for two phase flow regime identification. As a result, the identifying of water and oil flow regime can be analysis.