Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Oriented Strandboard Bonded with Soy based Formaldehyde free Adhesives written by Matthew John Schwarzkopf and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic adhesives like phenol formaldehyde (PF) and isocyanates dominate the wood based structural panel market. The raw materials that makeup these adhesives are based on petroleum and natural gas. The sustainability and the continued success of the wood based structural panel industry will benefit from the development of alternative adhesives from renewable materials. In this study, we developed two soybased formaldehyde free adhesives. The first adhesive is a formaldehyde-free soy flour (SF)-curing agent (CA) adhesive and was investigated for making randomly oriented strandboard (R-OSB) and oriented strandboard (OSB). Two methods (the wet method and the dry method) were investigated for applying the SF-CA adhesive onto wood flakes. The wet methodincluded the thorough mixing of SF and CA to form an adhesive mixture and then spraying the adhesive mixture onto wood flakes. The SF:CA weight ratio, the adhesive add-on rate, hot-press conditions were optimized in terms of enhancing internal bond strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the resulting R-OSB panels. The highest IB, MOR and MOE were obtained at the 1:1 SF:CA weight ratio. The IB, MOR and MOE of the R-OSB panels that were made at the adhesive add-on rate of >_ 7%, a hot-press temperature between 170 °C and 220 °C, and a hot-press time of >_ 4 min exceeded the minimum industry requirements. The dry method included spraying aqueous CA solution onto a mixture of SF and wood flakes. The dry method was able to increase the SF:CA ratio up to 7:1 where the strengths of the resulting R-OSB panels still exceeded the minimum industry requirements. OSB panels made with the SF-CA adhesive had their strengths higher than or comparable to those commercial OSB panels purchased at a local Home Depot. The second adhesive investigated was a formaldehyde-free adhesive using soy flour (SF) and was investigated for use in randomly oriented strandboard (R-OSB) and oriented strandboard (OSB). The main ingredients of this adhesive included SF, polyethylenimine (PEI), maleic anhydride (MA), and sodium hydroxide. The application included spraying an aqueous solution of PEI, MA, and sodium hydroxide onto a mixture of wood flakes and SF. The adhesive hot-press conditions and add-on rate were optimized in terms of enhancing internal bond strength (IB), modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the resulting R-OSB and OSB panels. The highest IB, MOR and MOE of the R-OSB and OSB panels was achieved at a hot-press temperature of 170 °C, a hot-press time of 4-5 min, and an adhesive addon rate of 7% which exceeded the minimum industry requirements. Wax was added to PEI bonded OSB panels. Comparisons of IB, MOR, and MOE with PEI and commercial OSB panels were made. An addition of 1% wax (dry basis wood flakes) showed comparable results to the PEI panels with no wax.

Download or read book Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives Volume 6 written by K. L. Mittal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the voluminous research being published, it is difficult, if not impossible, to stay abreast of current developments in a given area. The review articles in this book consolidate information to provide an alternative way to follow the latest research activity and developments in adhesion science and adhesives. With the ever-increasing amount of research being published, it is a Herculean task to be fully conversant with the latest research developments in any field, and the arena of adhesion and adhesives is no exception. Thus, topical review articles provide an alternate and very efficient way to stay abreast of the state-of-the-art in many subjects representing the field of adhesion science and adhesives. The 19 chapters in this Volume 6 follow the same order as the review articles originally published in RAA in the year 2020 and up to June 2021. The subjects of these 19 chapters fall in the following areas: Adhesives and adhesive joints Contact angle Reinforced polymer composites Bioadhesives Icephobic coatings Adhesives based on natural resources Polymer surface modification Superhydrophobic surfaces The topics covered include: hot-melt adhesives; adhesively-bonded spar-wingskin joints; contact angle hysteresis; fiber/matrix adhesion in reinforced thermoplastic composites; bioadhesives in biomedical applications; mucoadhesive pellets for drug delivery applications; bio-inspired icephobic coatings; wood adhesives based on natural resources; adhesion in biocomposites; vacuum UV surface photo-oxidation of polymers and other materials; vitrimers and their relevance to adhesives; superhydrophobic surfaces by microtexturing; structural acrylic adhesives; mechanically durable water-repellent surfaces; mussel-inspired underwater adhesives; and cold atmospheric pressure plasma technology for modifying polymers. Audience This book will be valuable and useful to researchers and technologists in materials science, nanotechnology, physics, surface and colloid chemistry in multiple disciplines in academia, industry, various research institutes and other organizations.

Download or read book Development and Characterization of New Formaldehyde free Soy Flour based Adhesives for Making Interior Plywood written by Jian Huang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formaldehyde-based adhesives such as urea-formaldehyde (UF) and phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesives dominate the current wood adhesive market. However, these adhesives are derived from petrochemicals and carcinogenic formaldehyde. In this study, we developed two formaldehyde-free adhesives based on abundant, renewable, and inexpensive soy flour (SF). The first adhesive was mainly composed of SF, polyethylenimine (PEI), and maleic anhydride (MA). The optimum formulation of this adhesive and the optimum hot-press conditions for making plywood were investigated. A three-cycle soak test and a boiling water test (BWT) were employed to evaluate the strength and water-resistance of plywood bonded with the soy flour-based adhesive. Results showed that SF, PEI, MA and NaOH were all essential components for the adhesive and the SF/PEI/MA weight ratio of 7/1.0/0.32 resulted in the highest water-resistance. When the hot-press temperature was in the range of 140-170 ° C, both the water-resistance and the shear strengths of plywood bonded with the adhesive remained statistically the same, except that the dry shear strength of plywood at 170°C was statistically lower than that at 160 o.C. When the hot-press time ranged from 2 to 6 min at 160°C, the plywood panels made at the hot-press time of 5 min led to the highest boiling water test/wet (BWT/w) shear strength among all samples, and the plywood panel made at the hot-press time of 5 min had a higher dry shear strength than that at 3 min. Plywood panels bonded with this SF/PEI/MA adhesive exceeded the water-resistance requirements for interior applications. The second adhesive consisted of SF, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TMTE) and a catalyst. The following catalysts were investigated: calcium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, triethylamine, tetra-n-octylammonium bromide, phosphoric acid and ammonium sulfate. The effects of these catalysts on the water-resistance of plywood bonded with the SF-TMTE adhesive under different hot-press conditions were investigated. It was found that all catalysts improved the water-resistance of the resulting plywood to some extent. Among all catalysts investigated, calcium hydroxide and triethylamine were better than other catalysts in terms of improving the water-resistance of the resulting plywood panels. These preliminary results also revealed that increasing hot-press temperature and increasing hot-press time enhanced the water-resistance. The water-resistance of plywood panels bonded with these SF-TMTE adhesives still could not meet water-resistance requirements for interior applications.

Download or read book Development and Evaluation of a New Formaldehyde free Wood Adhesive from Renewable Materials for Making Interior Plywood written by Yonghwan Jang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic adhesives, such as phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins, have dominated the wood adhesive market since they were introduced in the wood products industry. Formaldehyde, as a key component in the manufacturing of PF and UF resins, has been classified as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The UF and PF resins are derived from petroleum and natural gas. However, petroleum resources are not infinite and not renewable. In recent years, with concerns over fluctuating prices and future-exhaustion of oil, as well environmental issues of the UF resins, soy-based adhesives have again drawn people's attention as one of the most promising alternatives to petroleum-based adhesives. A soy-based adhesive, consisting of soy flour (SF) and a curing agent (CA) (polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin) has been commercialized for production of plywood since 2004. The PAE resin is derived from petrochemicals and is the most expensive component of the soy-based adhesive. In this study, a new formaldehyde-free adhesive, consisting of soy flour (SF) and a new curing agent (CA), was developed and evaluated for making interior plywood. The CA was developed from the reaction of epichlorohydrin (ECH) and ammonium hydroxide in water. ECH can be derived from renewable glycerol. The weight ratio of SF/CA was 7/1 with the total solids content of 36 wt% for the resulting adhesive. The reaction time, reaction temperature, and addition order of reactants in the preparation of the CA; the heat-treatment and storage time of the CA; and the NaOH usage in the SF-CA adhesive were investigated in terms of their effects on the water resistance of the resulting plywood panels. All adhesives containing the CAs (prepared by adding ECH and ammonium hydroxide all at once in water at the temperature of 45 °C to 60 °C) enabled all types of plywood panels to meet the water-resistance requirements for interior applications. The heat-treatment of all CAs, except the CA prepared at 50 oC for five-ply aspen panels, had no effects on improving the water resistance. The storage time of both heat-treated and untreated CAs within at least two months had no significant effects on their viscosities, and the water resistance of the resulting plywood panels.

Download or read book Evaluation of New Formaldehyde free Soy Flour based Wood Adhesives for Making Particleboard written by Kai Gu and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formaldehyde-based adhesives such as urea-formaldehyde (UF), phenol-formaldehyde (PF) are widely applied in wood-based composite industry. However, these adhesives are all petrochemical-based and could not sustain in a long term due to a limited reserve of oil and natural gas. Moreover, these adhesives emit carcinogenic formaldehyde in the production or use of wood composite panels, thus reducing indoor air quality and posing a health risk to human beings. Soy flour (SF) is an abundant, readily available, renewable, and inexpensive material and is mainly used for food application at present. Its potential for industrial applications has not been fully realized. In this study, we evaluated two SF-based formaldehyde-free wood adhesives for making M-2 Grade particleboard panels. The first adhesive was composed of SF, polyethylenimine (PEI), maleic anhydride (MA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The weight ratio of SF/PEI/MA/NaOH was 7/1.0/0.32/0.1. The hot-press temperature, hot-press time, panel density and adhesive usages were optimized in terms of enhancing the modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and internal bond (IB) of the particleboard panels. It was found that the MOR, MOE and IB exceeded the minimum industrial requirements of M-2 particleboards under the following variables and conditions: hot-press temperature, 170 °C; hot-press time, 270 s; the adhesive usage of surface particles, 10 wt%; the adhesive usage of the core particles, 8 wt%; and the targeted particleboard density, 0.80 g/cm3. The second adhesive consisted of SF, a new curing agent (CA) and NaOH. Effects of the weight ratio of adhesive components on strengths of the particleboard panels were investigated. It was found that this adhesive resulted in the highest strengths at the SF/NaOH/CA weight ratio of 9/0.3/1. Effects of hot-press temperature and hot-press time on strengths of the panels were also investigated. The MOR, MOE and IB met the minimum industrial requirements of M-2 particleboard panels under the following variables and conditions: hot-press temperature, 190 °C; hot-press time, 270 s; the adhesive usage of surface particles, 12 wt%; the adhesive usage of the core particles, 10 wt%; and the targeted particleboard density, 0.80 g/cm3.

Download or read book Biobased Adhesives written by Manfred Dunky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biobased Adhesives Unique and comprehensive book edited by acknowledged leaders on biobased adhesives that will replace petroleum-based adhesives. This book contains 23 chapters covering the various ramifications of biobased adhesives. The chapters are written by world-class scientists and technologists actively involved in the arena of biobased adhesives. The book is divided into three parts: Part 1: Fundamental Aspects; Part 2: Classes of Biobased Adhesives; and Part 3: Applications of Biobased Adhesives. Topics covered include: an introduction to biobased adhesives; adhesion theories and adhesion and surface issues with biobased adhesives; chemistry of adhesives; biorefinery products as biobased raw materials for adhesives; naturally aldehyde-based thermosetting resins; natural crosslinkers; curing and adhesive bond strength development in biobased adhesives; mimicking nature; bio-inspired adhesives; protein adhesives; carbohydrates as adhesives; natural polymer-based adhesives; epoxy adhesives from natural materials; biobased polyurethane adhesives; nanocellulose-modified adhesives; debondable, recyclable, and biodegradable biobased adhesives; 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural-based adhesives; adhesive precursors from tree-derived naval stores; and applications in various diverse arenas such as wood bonding, controlled drug delivery, and wearable bioelectronics. Audience This book will interest materials scientists, adhesionists, polymer chemists, marine biologists, food and agriculture scientists, and environmentalists. R&D personnel in a slew of wide-ranging industries such as aviation, shipbuilding, railway, automotive, packaging, construction, wood bonding, and composites should find this book a repository of current and much-needed information.

Download or read book Research Progress on Formaldehyde Free Wood Adhesive Derived from Soy Flour written by Chengsheng Gui and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soy-based adhesives have been regarded as the most suitable candidates for wood industry. For a widespread use of soy-based adhesives, new technologies need to be developed to improve the water resistance. An overview on the methods to improve water resistance of soy-based adhesives is presented. Denaturants were once considered necessary to modify soy protein. However, water-resistant soy adhesives could be prepared by simply removing water-soluble carbohydrates and low molecular peptides from soy flour. In addition, proper grafting and cross-linking agents help to prepare water-resistant soy-based adhesives, which are used widely to bond interior wood composites. In particular, a new type of polyamidoamine (PADA) resin and an itaconic acid-based polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (IA-PAE) resin were synthesized to perform as cross-linking agents for soy-based adhesives. This review concludes that soy-based adhesives have great potential for use in numerous applications. However, future work is still needed to make soy-based adhesives more competitive with synthetic adhesives.

Download or read book Soybean based Wood Adhesives for Structural Panels written by In Yang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research attention has focused on soybean-based adhesives because of increased phenolic resin prices and adhesive demand. This study was conducted to investigate the adhesive properties of cross-linked soy flour and/or soy hydrolyzate with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins for use in structural panels. Neutral phenolic soy (NPS) and alkaline phenolic soy (APS) resins were prepared and used to bond southern pine plywood. Adhesive bond quality of the soybean-based phenolic resins was evaluated by glueline shear test following the procedure detailed in Product Standard PS 1-95 for construction and industrial plywood. Within the range of variable levels investigated, the following conditions produced higher wet wood failure than a control glue mix. For NPS resins best results were obtained with a 160 cps PF, a 30 minute assembly time, and no extender. For APS resins best results were obtained with a 50 cps PF, a 200°C press temperature, 19% corn-cob powder, and a 60 minute assembly time. Comparable results were obtained with either a 40% or 50% PF level in the resins. Under these conditions, the wet wood failure of plywood bonded with both resins approached the requirement of PS 1-95 for construction and industrial plywood. The APS resins were also used to fabricate homogeneous hybrid poplar flakeboards with different resin solid levels (5%, 7%, and 9%), press temperatures (175 and 200°C), and press times of 8 and 10 minutes. Internal bond strength, wet modulus of rupture, and dimensional stabilities of flakeboard improved with increased press time, press temperature, and PF level in the resins. In particular, increased press time can be used to offset the poor internal bonding associated with high resin content and the excessive moisture present in the mat. However, APS resin-bonded flakeboards provided higher mechanical and better dimensional stability properties compared to the Canadian Standard Association 0437 standard, except for modulus of elasticity, which could be easily improved by flake alignment. Optimum production condition for flakeboard bonded with the APS resins are a 5% resin level, a 50% PF level, a 200°C press temperature, and an 8 minute press time. Although NPS and APS resins can be competitive with other conventional adhesives, further improvements are required to reduce press times for industrial applications.

Download or read book Formaldehyde free Wood Adhesives from Soybean Protein and Lignin written by Yuan Liu and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presently, the production of wood composites relies on the formaldehyde-based wood adhesives such as phenol-formaldehyde (PF) and urea-formaldehyde (UF). However, their dependence on exhaustible fossil fuels and the emission of carcinogenic formaldehyde prompt to develop an environmentally friendly adhesive from renewable natural resources. This work focuses on development and characterization of forma1dehydefree wood adhesives from renewable soybean protein and lignin. Soybean protein is an abundant, inexpensive, and readily available natural product. Soybean protein-based adhesives were widely used as wood adhesives in 1930s-1960s and are completely replaced by synthetic formaldehyde-based adhesives today because wood composites bonded with soybean protein-based adhesives have relatively lower strength and lower water resistance than those bonded with formaldehyde-based adhesives. Marine adhesive protein from mussels is a strong and water-resistant adhesive. However, the production of marine adhesive protein is difficult and costly. The marine adhesive protein contains three key functional groups: a catechol moiety, a primary amino group, and a mercapto group. In this research, soybean protein was modified using marine adhesive protein as a model. We found that imparting soybean protein with one of the three key functional groups found in the marine adhesive protein converted soybean protein into a strong and water-resistant wood adhesive. Another formaldehyde-free new wood adhesive was also developed through modification of soybean protein with maleic anhydride followed by mixing with polyethylenimine (PEI). Wood composites bonded with this new adhesive were very strong and very water-resistant. The reaction mechanisms in the modification of soybean protein with maleic anhydride and the curing mechanisms of the adhesive were investigated in detail. Demethylated kraft lignin (DKL) has a high amount of the same key functional group, catechol moiety, as the marine adhesive protein. We found that a combination of DKL and PEI (a polyamine with abundant primary amino groups) was a strong and water-resistant wood adhesive. It was found that the curing mechanism of the DKL-PEI adhesive is similar to that of marine adhesive protein. The effects of DKL/PEI weight ratio, hot-press conditions and the molecular weight of PEI on adhesive performance were also investigated in detail.

Download or read book Bio based Wood Adhesives written by Zhongqi He and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Editor -- Chapter 1 Protein-based Wood A dhesives Current Trends of Preparation and Application -- Chapter 2 Adhesion properties of soy protein subunits and protein adhesive modification -- Chapter 3 Modification of Soy-based Adhesives to Enhance the Bonding Performance -- Chapter 4 Canola protein and oil-based wood adhesives -- Chapter 5 Wood Adhesives Containing Proteins and Carbohydrates -- Chapter 6 Preparation and utilization of water washed cottonseed meal as wood adhesives -- Chapter 7 Comparative Evaluation of Rice Bran- and Corn Starch-modified Urea Formaldehyde Adhesives on Improvements of Environmental Performance of Agro-based Composites -- Chapter 8 Tannins for wood adhesives, foams and composites -- Chapter 9 Utilization of citric acid in wood bonding -- Chapter 10 Synthesis of polymers from liquefied biomass and their utilization in wood bonding -- Chapter 11 Preparation, properties, and bonding utilization of pyrolysis bio-oil -- Chapter 12 Application of the rosin from White Pitch (Protium heptaphyllum) for use as wood adhesive -- Chapter 13 Effects of Rheology and Viscosity of Bio-based Adhesives on Bonding Performance -- Chapter 14 Effects of Nano-materials on Different Properties of Wood-Composite Materials -- Chapter 15 Bio-based wood adhesives research advances and outlooks -- Index

Download or read book Emerging Nanomaterials written by Hamid R. Taghiyari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-05 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bio-based materials, including those containing wood, will become increasingly important as we move to a bio-based economy. Among their many attributes, it is vitally important that these materials are renewable, sustainable with proper management and environmentally benign. Wood remains one of our most important bio-based materials. While it is an amazing material, wood still has negative attributes and drawbacks that can affect performance, including dimensional instability when wetted, vulnerability to fire and high temperatures, and susceptibility to biodeterioration. A variety of treatments have been developed to overcome these weaknesses. Among the most exciting of these treatments are nanomaterials. These materials have some exceptionally attractive properties for improving timber performance and have been the subject of intensive research over the past decade. There is a tremendous need for a single comprehensive source of information on this rapidly emerging subject with tremendous potential to enhance the performance of a variety of bio-based materials. This book contains 10 chapters, each compiled by different author(s) who are considered the top researcher(s) in their respective fields. The chapters begin with some basic background on nanomaterials and their synthesis, then explore different areas for potential applications and conclude with a review of the emerging questions about nanomaterial safety. The book is designed to provide the latest information and know-how on application and utilization of different nanomaterials to improve the properties of wood and wood-based composite panels. The contents cover some main topics in the industry including improving physical and mechanical properties, increasing resistance to biodegradation (including fungi and insects), developing wood-plastic composites (WPC), applying nanomaterials in paper and board industry, and emergence of transparent wood and radiation shielding. It also covers the use of nanomaterials to improve the performance of paints and finishes used for forest products. The book provides a single location for those interested in the field to begin.

Download or read book A New Method of Making Particleboard with a Formaldehyde free Soy based Adhesive written by Lapyote Prasittisopin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particleboard is widely used for making bookshelf, furniture, cabinets and many other interior products. At present, particleboard is mainly produced with wood particles and urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins. The emission of carcinogenic formaldehyde in the production and use of particleboard has generated an urgent need for development of a formaldehyde-free wood adhesive for making particleboard. Formaldehyde is derived from natural gas whose reserve is finite. It is also desirable to develop a wood adhesive from renewable material for making particleboard. Soy flour is inexpensive, abundant, renewable and readily available. A formaldehyde-free wood adhesive consisting of soy flour (SF) and a curing agent (CA) CA1000 has been used for commercial production of interior plywood since 2004. However, this CA-soy adhesive has high viscosity and is difficult to be sprayed onto wood particles with a conventional spraying nozzle. This study developed a new method of using this CA-soy adhesive for making particleboard. This new method involved the coating of wood particles with a dilute soy slurry in water, the drying of the soy-coated wood particles, the spraying of the CA onto the dried soy-coated wood particles, the formation of a particleboard mat with the CA-soy-coated wood particles and the hotpressing of the mat into particleboard. The high viscosity of the adhesive was no longer an issue with this new method. For investigation of the effectiveness of this new method, effects of particleboard density, adhesive usages for both core and face particles, the solids content of the soy slurry, hot-press time, hot-press temperature, the storage time of the soy-coated wood particles, and the soy/CA ratio on the internal bond strength (IB), the modulus of rupture (MOR), and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the resulting particleboard were investigated in detail. Results demonstrated that this new method had wide operational windows for making particleboard and allowed the strengths of particleboard bonded with this CA-soy adhesive to exceed the industry requirements of M-2 particleboard. The optimal conditions of using this method for making particleboard in terms of enhancing the IB, MOR, and MOE were: 760 kg/m3 of the particleboard density, 11 wt% resin usage for the core particles, 12 wt% resin usage for the face particles, 20 wt% solids content of the soy slurry, 180 °C of the hot-press temperature, 224 s of the hot-press time, 1:7 CA/SF weight ratio, and 36 h of the storage time for the wet soy-coated wood particles.

Download or read book Adhesives from Renewable Resources written by Richard W. Hemingway and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an up-to-date source of information from the leading world authorities on the use of lignins, tannins, carbohydrates, terpenes and proteins in adhesive formulations. Examines new alternatives based on the renewable resources that are available. Covers a broad range of natural products directed to a wide variety of bonding applications, from tire cords to eye surgery. Also addresses opportunities for future development of adhesives from renewable resources.

Download or read book Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites written by Roger M. Rowell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-18 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The degradable nature of high-performance, wood-based materials is an attractive advantage when considering environmental factors such as sustainability, recycling, and energy/resource conservation. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites provides an excellent guide to the latest concepts and technologies in wood chemistry and bio-based composites. The book analyzes the chemical composition and physical properties of wood cellulose and its response to natural processes of degradation. It describes safe and effective chemical modifications to strengthen wood against biological, chemical, and mechanical degradation without using toxic, leachable, or corrosive chemicals. Expert researchers provide insightful analyses of the types of chemical modifications applied to polymer cell walls in wood, emphasizing the mechanisms of reaction involved and resulting changes in performance properties. These include modifications that increase water repellency, fire retardancy, and resistance to ultraviolet light, heat, moisture, mold, and other biological organisms. The text also explores modifications that increase mechanical strength, such as lumen fill, monomer polymer penetration, and plasticization. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites concludes with the latest applications, such as adhesives, geotextiles, and sorbents, and future trends in the use of wood-based composites in terms of sustainable agriculture, biodegradability and recycling, and economics. Incorporating over 30 years of teaching experience, the esteemed editor of this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands as well as industry standards and research trends.

Download or read book Lignocellulosic Fibers and Wood Handbook written by Mohamed Naceur Belgacem and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will focus on lignocellulosic fibres as a raw material for several applications. It will start with wood chemistry and morphology. Then, some fibre isolation processes will be given, before moving to composites, panel and paper manufacturing, characterization and aging.

Download or read book Eco Friendly Adhesives for Wood and Natural Fiber Composites written by Mohammad Jawaid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of eco-friendly resins and their composite materials covering their synthesis, sources, structures and properties for different industrial applications to support the ongoing research and development in eco-friendly and renewable commercial products. It provides comparative discussions on the properties of eco-friendly resins with other polymer composites. It is a useful reference on bio-based eco-friendly polymer resins, wood-based composites, natural fibers and biomass materials for the polymer scientists, engineers and material scientists.

Download or read book Handbook of Adhesive Technology Revised and Expanded written by Antonio Pizzi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-08-06 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Adhesive Technology, Second Edition exceeds the ambition of its bestselling forerunner by reexamining the mechanisms driving adhesion, categories of adhesives, techniques for bond formation and evaluation, and major industrial applications. Integrating modern technological innovations into adhesive preparation and application, this greatly expanded and updated edition comprises a total of 26 different adhesive groupings, including three new classes. The second edition features ten new chapters, a 40-page list of resources on adhesives, and abundant figures, tables, equations.