Download or read book Development and Evaluation of a Dedicated Breast CT Scanner written by Kai Yang and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development Analysis and Evaluation of a Breast CT Scanner written by Nathan Packard and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low dose computed tomography of the breast (breast CT) is a relatively new technology that has potential to improve breast cancer detection and also has potential to serve as a platform for diagnostic and therapeutic work on the breast. We have built two breast CT scanners which are being used for a number of different clinical trials and have scanned more than 200 patients to produce more than 400 high resolution 3D images. The work reported in this dissertation was to advance this technology through: the development and improvement of these breast CT scanners (in both hardware and software) so as to increase their usability and flexibility; the development of tools and algorithms to de-noise, reconstruct, segment, view, and perform statistical analysis on breast CT images; and analysis of breast CT data to determine factors such as average breast density (which is important for both radiation dosimetry and cancer detection), and mass lesion detection sensitivity (for comparing breast CT with mammography). Improvements made to the system include: additional detector modes, the addition of a filter changer, a step and shoot scanning mode, a motor to control the vertical position of the x-ray tube, and the addition of a dedicated breast PET scanner. The breast CT system has been fully streamlined to provide automated calibrations, scans, reconstructions, and image viewing. These improvements have allowed us to focus on clinical trials in breast CT, contrast enhanced breast CT, breast PET CT, breast CT plus breast tomosynthesis, rheumatoid arthritis PET CT, and a dual energy study. Breast density analysis and ideal observer performance analysis of the breast CT image data have shown that breast CT provides relevant information about the breast to researchers as well to clinicians, and has potential to provide earlier detection of cancer in the breast.

Download or read book Mammography and Beyond written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-08-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than 180,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in women in the U.S. If cancer is detected when small and local, treatment options are less dangerous, intrusive, and costly-and more likely to lead to a cure. Yet those simple facts belie the complexity of developing and disseminating acceptable techniques for breast cancer diagnosis. Even the most exciting new technologies remain clouded with uncertainty. Mammography and Beyond provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the state of breast cancer screening and diagnosis and recommends steps for developing the most reliable breast cancer detection methods possible. This book reviews the dramatic expansion of breast cancer awareness and screening, examining the capabilities and limitations of current and emerging technologies for breast cancer detection and their effectiveness at actually reducing deaths. The committee discusses issues including national policy toward breast cancer detection, roles of public and private agencies, problems in determining the success of a technique, availability of detection methods to specific populations of women, women's experience during the detection process, cost-benefit analyses, and more. Examining current practices and specifying research and other needs, Mammography and Beyond will be an indispensable resource to policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, researchers, women's health advocates, and concerned women and their families.

Download or read book Advancement of Spatial Resolution in Dedicated Breast CT written by Peymon Gazi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dedicated computed tomography of the breast (bCT) is a three dimensional imaging modality developed in order to explore its potential as an alternative to conventional, x-ray mammography. Digital mammography is the standard breast cancer screening modality in part due to its high spatial resolution - essential to the detection of small microcalcifications that have a significant prognostic value. This work describes the development of two dedicated cone-beam bCT systems spanning two generations of design evolution with a focus on spatial resolution improvement. To date, over 90 patients have been scanned on the fabricated prototypes. In these systems, significant spatial resolution improvements have resulted from factors including the switch from continuous to pulsed fluoroscopic image acquisition modes, the change in system geometry and the employment of new acquisition hardware components. Characterization of different generations of bCT systems shows these modifications resulted in an 188% improvement of the limiting MTF properties from the previous bCT systems to first developed prototype, and an additional 110% from the first to second developed prototypes. Standard procedures dictating methods for image acquisition, reconstruction and presentation have been developed and streamlined which result in greater flexibility and usability for both the researcher and radiologist. Hardware capabilities have been improved upon between the two generations of bCT scanner design. An included modulated Region Of Interest CT acquisition core (ROI-CT) is discussed in this work. The addition of an integrated dedicated breast PET scanner to the latest prototype bCT system is also described. To further the goal of improving bCT for diagnostic applications, a framework of deformable, image registration and segmentation for the purpose of temporal subtraction contrast-enhanced breast CT has been developed and evaluated. A variant of the Demons deformable registration algorithm: Intensity Difference Adaptive Demons (IDAD), was developed in order to correct for the large deformation forces stemming from contrast enhancement. The accuracy of the IDAD has been evaluated via mathematical simulation, physical phantom and clinical patient images. The proposed method outperformed conventional affine and Demons variations for serial and longitudinal pre-contrast and post-contrast breast CT image alignment.

Download or read book Development of New Methods for Improving Dosimetry and Image Quality in Breast X ray Imaging written by Andrew Hernandez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Screening digital mammography has been shown to substantially improve breast cancer detection leading to a significant decrease in breast cancer mortality; however, it is far from a perfect tool. Recent developments in high resolution, three-dimensional computed tomography of the breast (bCT) have been shown to reduce false recalls and potentially reduce the overdiagnosis of breast cancer--addressing some of the limitations of mammography. While the benefits of these x-ray imaging technologies are clear, the methods used to determine the risk associated with ionizing radiation are universally out of date. The work presented in this dissertation focuses on the development and evaluation of new methods in breast x-ray imaging for improving dosimetry and image quality. Several new x-ray spectral models were developed which can be used to model general-purpose x-ray spectra and those specific to the most widely used digital mammography, breast tomosynthesis, and breast CT systems in North America. These new spectral models overcome the limitations of previously-reported models and were used in subsequent work for the development of new methods in dosimetry and image quality for breast x-ray imaging. Current dosimetry methods in mammography and breast CT assume that the breast is composed of a homogeneous mixture of fat and fibroglandular tissue--the latter of which is the tissue at risk of developing cancer. A large number of bCT volume data sets were used to develop a comprehensive model of the 3D distribution of fibroglandular tissue within the breast, and also to model the shape and size of the breast. Using this new dosimetry model of the compressed breast in mammography, Monte Carlo estimations indicated on average a 30% overestimation in glandular breast dose when a realistic distribution of fibroglandular tissue was considered--depending on breast size, breast density, and x-ray techniques used. In addition, a set of realistic breast-shaped phantoms in the uncompressed, pendant geometry for breast CT were designed, fabricated, and used for the estimation of glandular dose. Monte Carlo estimations indicated on average a 20% overestimation in glandular breast dose when realistic distributions of fibroglandular tissue were considered. These findings are important because they indicate that radiation risks of breast cancer imaging using mammography and breast CT are lower by about 30% and 20%, respectively, when using the linear no threshold (LNT) model where risk is proportional to dose with no threshold. However, in the more realistic scenario where the dose response relationship is not linear and has a threshold, the risk reduction found in this investigation may be even greater. New realistic breast-shaped phantoms were used to design size-specific 3D-beam modulation filters (3D-BMF) for breast CT. 3D-BMFs modulate the incident x-ray beam in order to improve equalization of the photon fluence incident upon the detector panel and reduce unnecessary radiation dose to the patient. A method was developed for designing 3D-BMFs using projection images acquired on a bCT system - making the methods well-suited for flexibility across many different imaging geometries, x-ray techniques, and objects being imaged. Preliminary evaluation of the 3D-BMF designs demonstrated a decrease in glandular dose and improvement in image quality on the prototype bCT system in our laboratory. Lastly, the new spectral model, breast-shaped phantoms, and associated glandular dose estimations were used in concert to determine the optimal x-ray techniques to maximize soft-tissue contrast, microcalcification contrast, and iodine contrast in Breast CT. Optimization of the dose-weighted contrast-to-noise ratio (CNRD) for these imaging tasks was determined experimentally on the prototype bCT scanner by varying x-ray techniques, including tube potential and filtration material/thickness.

Download or read book High resolution PET CT Imaging for the Quantitative Assessment of Early Response to Treatment in Breast Cancer written by Andrea Ferrero and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Limitations in spatial resolution and sensitivity of whole-body (WB) E18F-fluorode-oxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) have been shown to reduce the potential of this imaging modality in predicting at an early stage the effectiveness of systemic treatment for breast cancer patients. Several institutions have been proposing the use of dedicated, high resolution PET scanners (bPET) to overcome these limitations. At our institution we have integrated a bPET scanner with a high resolution breast x-ray computed tomography (bCT) system, resulting in the first generation Davis breast PET/CT scanner (DbPET/CT-I). In this work, we report on the development of phantoms and data correction techniques to produce quantitative PET/CT data from DbPET/CT-I. We also present the initial results of a clinical trial to assess the potential of bPET/CT to predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy at an early stage in the course of treatment. Eight patients completed the study as part of this ongoing clinical evaluation. Novel methods were developed that improve on the accuracy of spatial coregistration between in vivo bPET/CT data and histopathology specimens, which represent the gold standard for the diagnosis and evaluation of tumor response. Although being developed for bPET/CT, once fully validated the approach could be used for a wide array of breast imaging modalities. Finally, we report on the design, assembly and performance characterization of a second generation scanner (DbPET/CT-II) with improved spatial resolution and count rate performance over the first prototype. The development of novel acquisition protocols that optimize the scanning time are presented together with the efforts towards producing quantitative images.

Download or read book Image Processing and Computer Aided Diagnosis in Computed Tomography of the Breast written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel breast cancer imaging technique -- dedicated cone-beam breast computerized tomography (CT) -- is currently under development. It is designed to deliver low-dose radiation to a patient while removing the superposition of breast tissues, which is a limiting factor of the conventional mammography technique. The new technique will particularly benefit women with dense breasts. The development of the breast CT imaging technique requires effective and efficient ways to reduce its scattered radiation as well as denoising so as to provide high-quality images to help radiologists make diagnostic decisions. Therefore, it is important to investigate different possible image processing tools for use with CT and decide which one is best based on image quality metrics such as contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the observer performance study via a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The raw breast CT data was successfully reconstructed via the Feldkamp filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm for cone-beam geometry. A Gaussian noise model taking into account the energy-integrating characteristic of a flat-panel detector was developed. Based on this model, the maximum likelihood estimate of the scatter-free image via the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm was derived. A partial diffusion equation-based image denoising technique also was implemented.

Download or read book Implementation and Evaluation of 3D Reconstruction Algorithms for Dedicated Breast CT written by Zhenzhen Jiang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development and Evaluation of 3D Imaging of the Breast Using Ultrasound in a Conical Geometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computer Aided Diagnosis for Cone Beam Breast CT written by Xiaohua Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Cone Beam Breast Computed Tomography (CBBCT) has been developed as a technology dedicated to breast imaging. The system has relatively low radiation dose, high contrast resolution, high contrast-noise ratio, and isotropic high resolution. The CBBCT imaging field is large enough to cover the whole breast in one scan. Without tissue overlap, the breast's anatomic structure is clearly revealed in CBBCT reconstruction images with precise three-dimensional (3D) spatial distribution and morphological characteristics. Compared with mammograms and breast MRI, CBBCT images are able to provide more information to the radiologists. The accuracy of breast lesion diagnosis can potentially be improved with CBBCT images. With high resolution 3D visualization, CBBCT images usually have a huge volume of data. Reviewing the data, locating all possible lesions, and making a correct diagnosis with CBBCT images may be a time consuming task for radiologists. Radiologists' accuracy, consistency, and efficiency may decrease when continuously reviewing the CBBCT volume data. In this thesis, a CBBCT-based Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system is proposed and developed to serve as a "second reader" of the CBBCT volume data. With algorithms designed to take advantage of the CBBCT characteristics and reveal possible lesions with supplementary information, CBBCT CAD can help radiologists to further increase their diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. In this thesis five major components of the CBBCT CAD system have been designed based on the diagnostic requirements: 1. A 3D noise reduction scheme to improve the visualization of the 3D CBBCT image volume; 2. A 3D auto-detection scheme to detect calcifications in CBBCT images; 3. A 3D auto-detection scheme to detect suspicious masses in CBBCT images; 4. A mastectomy specimen experiment to validate the feasibility of CBBCT ductography; 5. A 3D auto-segmentation scheme to evaluate the breast density based on CBBCT 3D images. The experimental results of CBBCT CAD are presented and future work is planned.

Download or read book Low Dose 3D Quantitative Vascular X ray Imaging of the Breast written by Pablo Milioni de Carvalho and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer and second deadliest cancer in women. Diagnostic imaging techniques are a critical part for screening, diagnosis, tumor staging and cancer therapy of the breast. Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CE-MRI) is the current standard imaging technique allowing detection of abnormal vascular development and lesion contrast uptake. CE-MRI is however very costly and not widely available. Moreover, its spatial resolution might not be sufficient to depict certain types of lesions including microcalcifications. The development of Contrast-Enhanced Spectral Mammography (CESM) has made the clinical use of intravenous contrast enhancement with conventional mammography possible. However, CESM is a 2D projection technique and therefore presents limitations to depict the 3D internal structures of lesions and to provide accurate quantitative 3D functional information.Contrast-Enhanced Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (CE-DBT) and dedicated Contrast-Enhanced Breast CT (CE-bCT) are two breast imaging modalities currently under investigation by academic and industrial research groups. It is however anticipated that the quantitative potential of CE-DBT is limited, due to the inherent low depth-resolution of limited opening angle DBT modality. CE-bCT with quasi-isotropic spatial resolution and voxel signal intensity proportional to the linear attenuation coefficient is believed to offer more accurate quantitative information, though a low-dose operation is still a challenge.Objectives: The purpose of this thesis has been to study the technical feasibility of CE-bCT and its potential to accurately depict and localize tumors, as well as to provide accurate quantitative morphological and functional imaging information about tumors, at low radiation dose levels. To understand the incremental value of CE-bCT over CE-DBT, the quantitative potential of both technologies have been compared. This investigation has been performed through computer simulations.Methods: At first, a simulation platform capable of modeling various X-ray breast imaging techniques and providing radiographic images of simple and complex computational phantoms was developed and validated. Secondly, an optimization study of a CE-bCT technique based on a dual-energy approach was performed, aiming to maximize image quality of iodine-enhanced and morphological images. Finally, the quantitative potential of CE-bCT and CE-DBT was compared through the assessment of iodine-enhanced lesion detectability, characterization, localization and 3D extent measurement. In a human observer study, depiction and characterization of iodine-enhanced lesions of different sizes, shapes and iodine uptakes was compared between CE-bCT and CE-DBT using a mesh-based anthropomorphic breast phantom.Conclusions: The simulation studies in this PhD thesis suggest that dual-energy iodine-injected CE-bCT could be a feasible technique for breast tumor depiction, localization and characterization, with dose levels comparable to standard mammography. While preliminary comparisons with CE-DBT suggests comparable depiction and characterization performance, the fully 3D information combined with high spatial resolution confirms CE-bCT as an interesting low-dose evolution of CESM toward 3D quantitative assessment of contrast uptakes and potential alternative to.

Download or read book Handbook of Medical Imaging written by Jacob Beutel and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes concurrent engineering developments that affect or are expected to influence future development of digital diagnostic imaging. It also covers current developments in Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS) technology, with particular emphasis on integration of emerging imaging technologies into the hospital environment.

Download or read book Imaging of Head and Neck Cancer written by A. T. Ahuja and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-01-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise integrated handbook looks at all available imaging methods for head and neck cancer, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each method. The information is provided in a clinical context and will guide radiologists as to the information the clinician actually needs when managing a patient with head and neck cancer. It will also provide the clinician with the advantages and limitations of imaging. The text therefore deals with Ultrasound, CT and MRI. The initial chapters aim to give the reader a core knowledge, which can be used in imaging by the various methods described. The subsequent chapters are directed towards clinical problems and deal with the common cancers in a logical order.

Download or read book Contrast Enhanced Mammography written by Marc Lobbes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), a novel advanced mammography technique using dual-energy mammography in combination with intravenous contrast administration in order to increase the diagnostic performance of digital mammography. Readers will find helpful information on the principles of CEM and indications for the technique. Detailed attention is devoted to image interpretation, with presentation of case examples and highlighting of pitfalls and artifacts. Other topics to be addressed include the establishment of a CEM program, the comparative merits of CEM and MRI, and the roles of CEM in screening populations and monitoring of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. CEM became commercially available in 2011 and is increasingly being used in clinical practice owing to its superiority over full-field digital mammography. This book will be an ideal source of knowledge and guidance for all who wish to start using the technique or to learn more about it.

Download or read book Handbook of Glandular Tissue Doses in Mammography written by Marvin Rosenstein and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Breast Imaging written by Christoph I. Lee and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast Imaging presents a comprehensive review of the subject matter commonly encountered by practicing radiologists and radiology residents in training. This volume includes succinct overviews of breast cancer epidemiology, screening, staging, and treatment; overviews of all imaging modalities including mammography, tomosynthesis, ultrasound, and MRI; step-by-step approaches for image-guided breast interventions; and high-yield chapters organized by specific imaging finding seen on mammography, tomosynthesis, ultrasound, and MRI. Part of the Rotations in Radiology series, this book offers a guided approach to breast imaging interpretation and techniques, highlighting the nuances necessary to arrive at the best diagnosis and management. Each chapter contains a targeted discussion of an imaging finding which reviews the anatomy and physiology, distinguishing features, imaging techniques, differential diagnosis, clinical issues, key points, and further reading. Breast Imaging is a must-read for residents and practicing radiologists seeking a foundation for the essential knowledge base in breast imaging.

Download or read book Digital Breast Tomosynthesis written by Alberto Tagliafico and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-03 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive description of the screening and clinical applications of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and offers straightforward, clear guidance on use of the technique. Informative clinical cases are presented to illustrate how to take advantage of DBT in clinical practice. The importance of DBT as a diagnostic tool for both screening and diagnosis is increasing rapidly. DBT improves upon mammography by depicting breast tissue on a video clip made of cross‐sectional images reconstructed in correspondence with their mammographic planes of acquisition. DBT results in markedly reduced summation of overlapping breast tissue and offers the potential to improve mammographic breast cancer surveillance and diagnosis. This book will be an excellent practical teaching guide for beginners and a useful reference for more experienced radiologists.