Download or read book Development and Deployment of Advanced Corrosion Monitoring Systems for High Level Waste Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the results of a collaborative technology development program, sponsored by the Tanks Focus Area, to use electrochemical noise (EN) for corrosion monitoring in underground storage tanks. These tanks, made of carbon or stainless steels, contain high-level radioactive liquid waste (HLW) generated by weapons production or radioactive liquid waste from nuclear fuel reprocessing activities at several Department of Energy (DOE) sites. The term EN is used to describe low frequency fluctuations in current and voltage measurements associated with corrosion. In their most basic form, EN-based corrosion monitoring systems measure and record these fluctuations over time from electrodes immersed in the environment of interest--in this case, radioactive tank waste. The resulting EN signals have characteristic patterns for different corrosion mechanisms. In recent years, engineers and scientists from several DOE sites, in collaboration with several private companies, have conducted laboratory studies and field applications to correlate the EN signals with corrosion mechanisms active in the radioactive waste tanks. The participating DOE sites are Hanford, Savannah River, Oak Ridge Reservation and the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. The commercial vendors have included HiLine Engineering and Fabrication, Inc., EIC Laboratories, Inc., and AEA Technologies. Successful deployment of the EN technology will yield improved information of waste tank corrosion conditions, better tank management, and lower overall cost.

Download or read book Proceedings of The 20th Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference written by Hong Jiang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-10 with total page 951 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first in a series of three proceedings of the 20th Pacific Basin Nuclear Conference (PBNC). This volume covers the topics of Safety and Security, Public Acceptance and Nuclear Education, as well as Economics and Reducing Cost. As one in the most important and influential conference series of nuclear science and technology, the 20th PBNC was held in Beijing and the theme of this meeting was “Nuclear: Powering the Development of the Pacific Basin and the World”. It brought together outstanding nuclear scientist and technical experts, senior industry executives, senior government officials and international energy organization leaders from all across the world. The book is not only a good summary of the new developments in the field, but also a useful guideline for the researchers, engineers and graduate students.

Download or read book Non Destructive Evaluation of Corrosion and Corrosion assisted Cracking written by Raman Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive text to the non-destructive evaluation of degradation of materials due to environment that takes an interdisciplinary approach Non-Destructive Evaluation of Corrosion and Corrosion-assisted Cracking is an important resource that covers the critical interdisciplinary topic of non-destructive evaluation of degradation of materials due to environment. The authors—noted experts in the field—offer an overview of the wide-variety of approaches to non-destructive evaluation and various types of corrosion. The text is filled with instructive case studies from a range of industries including aerospace, energy, defense, and processing. The authors review the most common non-destructive evaluation techniques that are applied in both research and industry in order to evaluate the properties and more importantly degradation of materials components or systems without causing damage. Ultrasonic, radiographic, thermographic, electromagnetic, and optical are some of the methods explored in the book. This important text: Offers a groundbreaking interdisciplinary approach to of non-destructive evaluation of corrosion and corrosion-assisted cracking Discusses techniques for non-destructive evaluation and various types of corrosion Includes information on the application of a variety of techniques as well as specific case studies Contains information targeting industries such as aerospace, energy, processing Presents information from leading researchers and technologists in both non-destructive evaluation and corrosion Written for life assessment and maintenance personnel involved in quality control, failure analysis, and R&D, Non-Destructive Evaluation of Corrosion and Corrosion-assisted Cracking is an essential interdisciplinary guide to the topic.

Download or read book Corrosion Monitoring of High level Waste Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-level nuclear wastes are currently being stored in carbon steel tanks at the Hanford Site. The wastes are stored in both single-shell tanks (SSTs) and double-shell tanks (DSTs). The SSTs have already exceeded their design life and some of these tanks have already leaked waste into the surrounding soil. The DSTs, on the other hand, were fabricated and put into operation more recently and have not been observed to show any leakage of wastes. One of the objectives at the Hanford Site is to monitor the degradation of the DSTs with the aid of in-tank corrosion probes. Outside the nuclear industry, electrochemical and resistance corrosion probes are in common use. The application of these probes to nuclear waste storage is generally complicated by the high radiation and complexed caustic environment. This paper deals with the details of a proposed development of commercial probes to monitor corrosion of the DSTs at the Hanford Site. Once the corrosion probes are successfully developed, the technology can be applied to SSTs and also transferred to other US Department of Energy (DOE) Sites.

Download or read book Development of a Movable Corrosion Probe for Nuclear Waste Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New methods of corrosion monitoring are being developed for tanks containing high-level radioactive waste. The prototype corrosion and chemical analysis probe, which is under production, provides for monitoring vertically in the tank with an adjustable probe head. The probe monitors corrosion using electrochemical noise and chemistry with Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical noise involves the monitoring of potential and current signals from two sets of electrodes. The electrodes are constructed of carbon steels similar to those for the tank wall and internal cooling coils. The system design and initial laboratory testing are discussed.

Download or read book PERFORMANCE OF MULTI PROBE CORROSION MONITORING SYSTEMS AT THE HANFORD SITE written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 2007 and 2009, several different multi-probe corrosion monitoring systems were designed and installed in high-level nuclear waste tanks at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in WaShington State. The probe systems are being monitored to ensure waste tanks operate in regions that minimize localized corrosion (i.e., pitting) and stress corrosion cracking. The corrosion monitoring systems have been installed in wastes with different chemistry types. An ongoing effort during the same time period has generated non-radioactive simulants that are tested in the laboratory to establish baseline corrosion monitoring system performance and characterize data to allow interpretation of readings from the multiple corrosion monitoring systems. Data collection from these monitoring systems has reached the point where the results allow comparison with the laboratory testing. This paper presents analytical results from the corrosion monitoring system development program.

Download or read book Performace of Multi Probe Corrosion Monitoring Systems at the Hanford Site written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 2007 and 2009, several different multi-probe corrosion monitoring systems were designed and installed in high-level nuclear waste tanks at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site in WaShington State. The probe systems are being monitored to ensure waste tanks operate in regions that minimize localized corrosion (i.e., pitting) and stress corrosion cracking. The corrosion monitoring systems have been installed in wastes with different chemistry types. An ongoing effort during the same time period has generated non-radioactive simulants that are tested in the laboratory to establish baseline corrosion monitoring system performance and characterize data to allow interpretation of readings from the multiple corrosion monitoring systems. Data collection from these monitoring systems has reached the point where the results allow comparison with the laboratory testing. This paper presents analytical results from the corrosion monitoring system development program.

Download or read book A Corrosion Monitoring and Chemical Species Probe for the Savannah River Site written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A corrosion monitoring and chemical species probe for the Savannah River Site (SRS) has been developed for remotely monitoring the corrosion of the high level waste tanks and for measuring the concentration of waste constituents. The probe incorporates two technologies, Raman spectroscopy (RS) for chemical analysis and electrochemical noise (EN) for corrosion monitoring. The RS technology was optimized to measure the primary waste constituents, specifically nitrate, nitrite and hydroxide. EN monitoring measures the instantaneous current and potential difference fluctuations that occur between three identical electrodes which are similar to the tank wall. An acceptance test, which was not performed under radiological conditions, was designed to verify the operation the RS, EN, the probe deployment reel and system control station. For RS, good measurements were made over the following concentration ranges; 0.1 to 10 molar for hydroxide, 0.1 to 5.0 molar for nitrate and 0.1 to 3.0 molar for nitrite. When the probe body was unperturbed, the EN signal displayed low amplitude and frequency waveforms that are typical for general corrosion.

Download or read book Development of Advanced In Situ Techniques for Chemistry Monitoring and Corrosion Mitigation in SCWO Environments written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is developing sensing technologies and corrosion monitoring techniques for use in super critical water oxidation (SCWO) systems to reduce the volume of mixed low-level nuclear waste by oxidizing organic components in a closed cycle system where CO2 and other gaseous oxides are produced, leaving the radioactive elements concentrated in ash. The technique uses water at supercritical temperatures under highly oxidized conditions by maintaining a high fugacity of molecular oxygen in the system, which causes high corrosion rates of even the most corrosive resistant reactor materials. This project significantly addresses the high corrosion shortcoming through development of (a) advanced electrodes and sensors for in situ potentiometric monitoring of pH in high subcritical and supercritical aqueous solutions, (b) an approach for evaluating the association constants for 1-1 aqueous electrolytes using a flow-through electrochemical thermocell; (c) an electrochemical noise sensor for the in situ measurement of corrosion rate in subcritical and supercritical aqueous systems; (d) a model for estimating the effect of pressure on reaction rates, including corrosion reactions, in high subcritical and supercritical aqueous systems. The project achieved all objectives, except for installing some of the sensors into a fully operating SCWO system.

Download or read book Corrosion Data from Hanford High Level Waste Tank 241 AN 107 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Document describes first year of operation of 241-AN-107 electrochemical noise based corrosion monitoring system. Data and system status are presented.

Download or read book Development of Advanced Electrochemical Emission Spectroscopy for Monitoring Corrosion in Simulated DOE Liquid Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various forms of general and localized corrosion represent principal threats to the integrity of DOE liquid waste storage tanks. These tanks, which are of a single wall or double wall design, depending upon their age, are fabricated from welded carbon steel and contain a complex waste-form comprised of NaOH and NaNO3, along with trace amounts of phosphate, sulfate, carbonate, and chloride. Because waste leakage can have a profound environmental impact, considerable interest exists in predicting the accumulation of corrosion damage, so as to more effectively schedule maintenance and repair. The different tasks that are being carried out under the current program are as follows: (1) Theoretical and experimental assessment of general corrosion of iron/steel in borate buffer solutions by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), ellipsometry and XPS techniques; (2) Development of a damage function analysis (DFA) which would help in predicting the accumulation of damage due to pitting corrosion in an environment prototypical of DOE liquid waste systems; (3) Experimental measurement of crack growth rate, acoustic emission signals and coupling currents for fracture in carbon and low alloy steels as functions of mechanical (stress intensity), chemical (conductivity), electrochemical (corrosion potential, ECP), and microstructural (grain size, precipitate size, etc) variables in a systematic manner, with particular attention being focused on the structure of the noise in the current and its correlation with the acoustic emissions; (4) Development of fracture mechanisms for carbon and low alloy steels that are consistent with the crack growth rate, coupling current data and acoustic emissions; (5) Inserting advanced crack growth rate models for SCC into existing deterministic codes for predicting the evolution of corrosion damage in DOE liquid waste storage tanks; (6) Computer simulation of the anodic and cathodic activity on the surface of the steel samples in order to exactly predict the corrosion mechanisms; (7) Wavelet analysis of EC noise data from steel samples undergoing corrosion in an environment similar to that of the high level waste storage containers, to extract data pertaining to general, pitting and stress corrosion processes, from the overall data. The Point Defect Model (PDM) is directly applied as the theoretical assessment method for describing the passive film formed on iron/steels. The PDM is used to describe general corrosion in the passive region of iron. In addition, previous work suggests that pit formation is due to the coalescence of cation vacancies at the metal/film interface which would make it possible to use the PDM parameters to predict the onset of pitting. This previous work suggests that once the critical vacancy density is reached, the film ruptures to form a pit. Based upon the kinetic parameters derived for the general corrosion case, two parameters relating to the cation vacancy formation and annihilation can be calculated. These two parameters can then be applied to predict the transition from general to pitting corrosion for iron/mild steels. If cation vacancy coalescence is shown to lead to pitting, it can have a profound effect on the direction of future studies involving the onset of pitting corrosion. The work has yielded a number of important findings, including an unequivocal demonstration of the role of chloride ion in passivity breakdown on nickel in terms of cation vacancy generation within the passive film, the first detection and characterization of individual micro fracture events in stress corrosion cracking, and the determination of kinetic parameters for the generation and annihilation of point defects in the passive film on iron. The existence of coupling between the internal crack environment and the external cathodic environment, as predicted by the coupled environment fracture model (CEFM), has also been indisputably established for the AISI 4340/NaOH system. It is evident from the studies that analysis of coupling current noise is a very sensitive tool for studying the crack tip processes in relation to the chemical, mechanical, electrochemical and microstructural properties of the system. Experiments are currently being carried out to explore these crack tip processes by simultaneous measurement of the acoustic activity at the crack tip in an effort to validate the coupling current data. These latter data are now being used to deterministically predict the accumulation of general and localized corrosion damage on carbon in prototypical DOE liquid waste storage tanks. Computer simulation of the cathodic and anodic activity on the steel surfaces is also being carried out in an effort to simulate the actual corrosion process. Wavelet analysis of the coupling current data promises to be a useful tool to differentiate between the different corrosion mechanisms.

Download or read book Design of Second Generation Hanford Tank Corrosion Monitoring System written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hanford Site has 177 underground waste tanks that store approximately 253 million liters of radioactive waste from 50 years of plutonium production. Twenty-eight tanks have a double shell and are constructed of welded ASTM A537-Class 1 (UNS K02400), ASTM A515-Grade 60 (UNS K02401), or ASTM A516-Grade 60 (UNS K02100) material. The inner tanks of the double-shell tanks (DSTS) were stress relieved following fabrication. One hundred and forty-nine tanks have a single shell, also constructed of welded mild steel, but not stress relieved following fabrication. Tank waste is in liquid, solid, and sludge forms. Tanks also contain a vapor space above the solid and liquid waste regions. The composition of the waste varies from tank to tank but generally has a high pH (>12) and contains sodium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium nitrite, and other minor radioactive constituents resulting from plutonium separation processes. Leaks began to appear in the single-shell tanks shortly after the introduction of nitrate-based wastes in the 1950s. Leaks are now confirmed or suspected to be present in a significant number of single-shell tanks. The probable modes of corrosion failures are reported as nitrate stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and pitting. Previous efforts to monitor internal corrosion of waste tank systems have included linear polarization resistance (LPR) and electrical resistance techniques. These techniques are most effective for monitoring uniform corrosion, but are not well suited for detection of localized corrosion (pitting and SCC). The Savannah River Site (SRS) investigated the characterization of electrochemical noise (EN) for monitoring waste tank corrosion in 1993, but the tests were not conclusive. The SRS effort has recently been revived and additional testing is underway. For many years, EN has been observed during corrosion and other electrochemical reactions, and the phenomenon is well established. Typically, EN consists of low frequency (

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Download or read book Corrosion Probe Innovative Technology Summary Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 253 million liters of high-level waste (HLW) generated from plutonium production is stored in mild steel tanks at the Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site. Corrosion monitoring of double-shell storage tanks (DSTs) is currently performed at Hanford using a combination of process knowledge and tank waste sampling and analysis. Available technologies for corrosion monitoring have progressed to a point where it is feasible to monitor and control corrosion by on-line monitoring of the corrosion process and direct addition of corrosion inhibitors. The electrochemical noise (EN) technique deploys EN-based corrosion monitoring probes into storage tanks. This system is specifically designed to measure corrosion rates and detect changes in waste chemistry that trigger the onset of pitting and cracking. These on-line probes can determine whether additional corrosion inhibitor is required and, if so, provide information on an effective end point to the corrosion inhibitor addition procedure. This report describes the technology, its performance, its application, costs, regulatory and policy issues, and lessons learned.

Download or read book Design and Performance of Electrochemical Noise Corrosion Monitoring Systems at the Hanford Site written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hanford radioactive waste storage site outside of Richland, Washington has 177 underground waste tanks that store approximately 253 million liters of radioactive waste from 50 years of plutonium production. No online corrosion monitoring systems are in place at Hanford to facilitate the early detection of the onset of localized corrosion should it occur in a waste tank. Because of this, a program was started in 1995 to develop an electrochemical noise (EN) system to improve Hanford's corrosion monitoring strategy. The design of the latest systems and the results of operation are described herein.

Download or read book A Plan to Develop and Demonstrate Electrochemical Noise Based Corrosion Monitoring Systems in Hanford Site Waste Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes changes that need to be made to the site's authorization basis and technical concerns that need to be resolved before proceduralized use of Electrochemical Noise based corrosion monitoring systems is fully possible at the Hanford Site.

Download or read book Development of a High Level Waste Tank Inspection System written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: