Download or read book Development and Demonstration of a Production intent Transient Plasma Ignition System for High Efficiency Natural Gas Engines written by Jason Sanders and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Gas Research and Development Annual Report written by California Energy Commission. Energy Research and Development Division and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Multi cylinder Transient Plasma Ignition System for Increased Efficiency and Reduced Emissions in Gas Engines written by Dan Singleton and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Efficient Transient Plasma Ignition Physics and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The project has conducted basic studies of flame ignition collaborative studies of pulse detonation ignition, and preliminary studies of fundamental issues relevant to the application of transient plasma as an ignition source for Air Force high-speed aircraft applications. Preliminary basic science experiments have been conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) for investigation of radical production and ignition delay. Very strong enhancement of radical species throughout the combusting volume using transient plasma for ignition (TPI) was demonstrated using PLIF, and the production of electronically excited species was well coordinated with TPI. In another study at AFRL systems were interfaced successfully with a pulse detonation engine (PDE), and data were taken for a variety of electrode lengths while burning aviation gasoline and ethylene. The project work also included development of appropriate ignition systems for these studies, comprised of pulse sources, transmission lines (cabling appropriate for nanosecond power pulses), and electrodes, and extending the work from laboratory pulse generation capabilities to considerable reduction in size and weight of the ignition pulse generation. This reduction is a critical issue in the application of this technology. The electrical engineering issues inherent in the application of the short pulses to fuel-air mixtures at various pressures and in a variety of geometries were addressed successfully in the project.

Download or read book Characterization of Transient Plasma Ignition Flame Kernel Growth for Varying Inlet Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulse detonation engines (PDEs) have the potential to significantly improve the efficiency of a variety of internal combustion engine designs. This efficiency improvement hinges on the ability of the engine to detonate fuel/air mixture through deflagration-to-detonation transitions at 60 to 100 times a second. A major breakthrough in reducing the cycle time of a pulse detonation device is through the use of a Transient Plasma Ignition (TPI) system vice the normal Capacitive Discharge Ignition (CDI) system. The TPI system deposits an equivalent amount of energy as the CDI system but in a fraction of the time and over a larger combustor volume. The TPI also creates high quantities of OH due to the high density of energetic electrons produced by the TPI event. The combination of decreased energy deposition time, larger ignition volume, and a high density of free radicals reduces the flame kernel growth time, which in turn creates a choked flame condition more rapidly. This thesis characterized the flame kernel growth following a transient plasma ignition event for various combustor inlet configurations so as to better understand the flame patterns within the combustion chamber. High-speed images of the combustor were taken from a side profile and end view to observe the flame growth. Time from ignition event until initial flame kernel observation and from ignition event until fully developed flame were gathered from the images and plotted to find the most favorable inlet condition.

Download or read book Laser Ignition of Internal Combustion Engines written by Martin Weinrotter and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2011-04 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Doctoral Thesis / Dissertation from the year 2006 in the subject Electrotechnology, grade: 1, mit Ausgezeichnung bestanden, Vienna University of Technology (Insitut für Photonik), language: English, abstract: In this PhD thesis different fundamental aspects and the practical usability of a laser ignition system as a new, innovative and alternative ignition approach for internal combustion engines were investigated in great detail mainly experimentally. Ignition experiments in combustion chambers under high pressures and elevated temperatures have been conducted. Different fuels were investigated. Also the minimum breakdown energy in dependence of the initial temperature and pressure with the help of an aspheric lens with a high numerical aperture was studied. High-speed Schlieren diagnostics have been conducted in the combustion chamber. The different stages like the ignition plasma within the first nanoseconds via the shock wave generation to the expanding flame kernel were investigated. With the help of multi-point ignition the combustion duration could be reduced significantly. The controlled start of auto-ignition of n-heptane-air mixtures by resonant absorption of Er, Cr: YSGG laser radiation at 2.78 μm by additionally introduced water has been proven in combustion chamber experiments as a completely new idea. Beside experiments in the combustion chambers and long term tests under atmospheric conditions, various tests in SI engines up to 200 h, have been made. Different sources of contamination of the window surface have been identified. First experiments with a longitudinally diode-pumped, fiber-coupled and passively Q-switched solid-state laser α-prototype system with maximum pulse energy of 1.5 mJ at about 1.5 ns pulse duration were performed which allowed to ignite the engine successfully over a test period of 100 h. In cooperation with Lund University in Sweden, experiments have been performed on another engine test bed running in HCCI mode revealing the las

Download or read book Advanced Plasma Ignition Systems for Class 3 8 Natural Gas Engines written by Stephen Marino and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Investigation of Transient Plasma Ignition for a Pulse Detonation Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elimination or reduction of auxiliary oxygen use in Pulse Detonation Engines (PDEs) is necessary if the technology is to compete with existing Ramjet systems. This thesis investigated a Transient Plasma Ignition (TPI) system and found that the technology can at least reduce and may be able to completely remove the auxiliary oxygen requirement of current PDE systems. TPI was tested and compared with a traditional capacitive discharge spark plug system in a dynamic flow, ethylene/air mixture combustor. Ignition delay time, Deflagration-to-Detonation transition (DDT) distance and time, detonation wave speed and fire success rate performance were analyzed for various mass flow rates and stoichiometric ratios. A transient plasma dualelectrode concept was also employed and analyzed. Results show that TPI is more effective and reliable than the spark plug ignition with considerable improvements to DDT performance. The TPI dual-electrode concept was proven to be the most effective configuration with average reductions in DDT distance and time of 17% and 41% respectively when compared to the capacitive discharge spark plug system configuration.

Download or read book Energy Efficient Transient Plasma Ignition and Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transient plasma discharges utilizing short (30 to 100 nsec), spatially distributed streamers energized by pulsed power were investigated as a potential new method for flame ignition. Experimental results showed shorter ignition delay and pressure rise time (typically by a factor of 3 for methane-air mixtures), as well as higher maximum pressure compared to conventional spark ignition. In all cases significant modification of initial combustion chemistry appeared to be occurring, leading to more effective combustion over a wider range of pressures and fuel composition rates.

Download or read book A Laser Spark Plug Ignition System for a Stationary Lean Burn Natural Gas Reciprocating Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To meet the ignition system needs of large bore, high pressure, lean burn, natural gas engines a side pumped, passively Q-switched, Nd:YAG laser was developed and tested. The laser was designed to produce the optical intensities needed to initiate ignition in a lean burn, high compression engine. The laser and associated optics were designed with a passive Q-switch to eliminate the need for high voltage signaling and associated equipment. The laser was diode pumped to eliminate the need for high voltage flash lamps which have poor pumping efficiency. The independent and dependent parameters of the laser were identified and explored in specific combinations that produced consistent robust sparks in laboratory air. Prior research has shown that increasing gas pressure lowers the breakdown threshold for laser initiated ignition. The laser has an overall geometry of 57x57x152 mm with an output beam diameter of approximately 3 mm. The experimentation used a wide range of optical and electrical input parameters that when combined produced ignition in laboratory air. The results show a strong dependence of the output parameters on the output coupler reflectivity, Q-switch initial transmission, and gain media dopant concentration. As these three parameters were lowered the output performance of the laser increased leading to larger more brilliant sparks. The results show peak power levels of up to 3MW and peak focal intensities of up to 560 GW/cm2. Engine testing was performed on a Ricardo Proteus single cylinder research engine. The goal of the engine testing was to show that the test laser performs identically to the commercially available flashlamp pumped actively Q-switched laser used in previous laser ignition testing. The engine testing consisted of a comparison of the in-cylinder, and emissions behavior of the engine using each of the lasers as an ignition system. All engine parameters were kept as constant as possilbe while the equivalence ratio (fueling), and hence the engine load, was varied between 0.8, 0.9, and 1.0. The test laser was constructed with a 30% output coupler, 32% Q-switch initial transmission, and a 0.5% Nd concentration rod all pumped by approximately 1000 Watts of optical power. The test laser single mode output pulse had an energy of approximately 23 mJ, with a pulsewidth of approximately 10 ns, and an M2 value of 6.55. This output produced focal intensity of approximately 270 GW/cm2 with the modified on-engine optical arrangement. The commercial laser had similar output parameters and both laser systems operated the engine with similar results. Due to the shortening of the focal length of the on-engine optical setup both laser systems produced a spark well within the optical transfer cavity of the laser optics to spark plug adaptor. This shrouded spark led to a very long ignition delay and retarded combustion timing for all three values of equivalence ratio. This was evidenced by the in-cylinder pressure traces and the HRR waveforms. The emissions data indicate that both lasers produced very similar combustion. The ignition delay caused by the shrouded spark cause most of the combustion to happen after TDC which lead to poor combustion that produced high levels of CO and THC. The novelty of this work lies in the combination of the laser parameters to create a single high peak power laser output pulse for use as a spark ignition source. Similar configurations have been investigated in the literature but for different applications such as multiple output pulse trains for various industrial and communications applications. Another point of novelty is the investigation of the laser medium concentration on the output characteristics of a passively Q-switched laser system. This work has shown that lowering the Neodymium concentration in the active media within a passively Q-switched laser produces higher output energy values. This is significant because an actively Q-switched laser shows the opposite affect when the active ion concentration is varied.

Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Ignition Process in Large Natural Gas Engines Using Laser Spark Ignition written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past research has shown that laser ignition provides a potential means to reduce emissions and improve engine efficiency of gas-fired engines to meet longer-term DOE ARES (Advanced Reciprocating Engine Systems) targets. Despite the potential advantages of laser ignition, the technology is not seeing practical or commercial use. A major impediment in this regard has been the 'open-path' beam delivery used in much of the past research. This mode of delivery is not considered industrially practical owing to safety factors, as well as susceptibility to vibrations, thermal effects etc. The overall goal of our project has been to develop technologies and approaches for practical laser ignition systems. To this end, we are pursuing fiber optically coupled laser ignition system and multiplexing methods for multiple cylinder engine operation. This report summarizes our progress in this regard. A partial summary of our progress includes: development of a figure of merit to guide fiber selection, identification of hollow-core fibers as a potential means of fiber delivery, demonstration of bench-top sparking through hollow-core fibers, single-cylinder engine operation with fiber delivered laser ignition, demonstration of bench-top multiplexing, dual-cylinder engine operation via multiplexed fiber delivered laser ignition, and sparking with fiber lasers. To the best of our knowledge, each of these accomplishments was a first.

Download or read book A Sustained arc Ignition System for Internal Combustion Engines written by Arthur G. Birchenough and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Powerful Pulsed Plasma Generators written by Victor Kolikov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-25 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents experimental and theoretical results on extremely powerful plasma generators. It addresses pulsed electrical mega-ampere arcs and the mechanisms of energy transfer from the arc into hydrogen, helium and air under pressures up to 250 MPa and currents up to 2 MA. Extreme plasma parameters and increased energy density in the arc were achieved. It was found experimentally that increasing the initial gas pressure to hundreds of MPa leads to improved arc stability, high efficiency of energy transfer from arc to gas, and plasma enthalpy growth. The data obtained data provides the basis for the development of electrophysical devices with high energy density, e.g. high intensity sources for visible, UV and X-ray irradiation for laser pumping, generators of high enthalpy plasma jets, and plasma chemical reactors.

Download or read book Tableaux modernes figuration et abstraction sculptures peintres contemporains paysagistes written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technical Review written by Shin Mitsubishi Jūkōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pulsed Power and Transient Plasmas Basic Research With Application to Ignition Emissions and New Pulsed Power Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific progress lies in three areas: Pulsed power, transient plasma ignition, and applications of pulsed power to biology. We report here 1) Progress in studies of SiC pulsed power JFET devices for applications to pulsed power, 2) Significant progress in the application of transient plasma to ignition, with results during the previous year in the ignition of pulse detonation engines, and 3) Significant progress in the study of the effects of nanosecond pulsed electric fields on biological cells, including visualization of intracellular calcium bursts and certain additional processes in Jurkat-T lymphocytes. During the next year we plan to develop advanced pulse generation devices for both biological applications and transient plasma ignition, and conduct further experiments in collaborations with several institutions.