Download or read book Development and Characterization of Novel Volumetric Acquisition Orbits with an Application Specific Emission Tomograph for Improved Breast Cancer Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this work was to develop, implement, and evaluate novel three-dimensional acquisition orbits for a dedicated emission mammotomography system. The system can revolve around a pendant, uncompressed breast with fully three dimensional orbital trajectories, which allow for chest wall and axillary imaging. Further optimization and characterization of the system's flexible trajectories and resulting reconstructed images continues. Upon the recommendations from this and prior work, one patient study has been completed.
Download or read book Development and Characterization of Novel Olumetric Acquisition Orbits With an Application Specific Emission Tomograph for Improved Breast Cancer Detection written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear medicine based molecular imaging techniques can be used as an adjunct tool in the diagnosis of breast cancer, particularly for women with dense breast tissue. The dedicated emission mammotomograph is now fully functional; the tomographic gantry was enhanced by including an automated radius-of-rotation capability, to allow for fully 3D imaging of a pendant, uncompressed breast. As a result, novel 3D acquisition orbits have been developed to contour various sized breasts. Initial phantom measurements with a l6x20 sq cm field-of-view cadmium zinc telluride detector show the capability of the system to acquire data about concentric hemispheres of the breast, minimizing distance-dependent spatial resolution effects, maximizing the viewable breast volume while more-nearly- completely sampling the breast, and minimizing background contamination from the heart and liver. Results indicate 3D mamnotomography, incorporating a compact CZT detector and unique 3D camera trajectories, is a promising dedicated breast imaging technique for visualization of tumors less than 1cm in diameter. Future work includes evaluation of: patient bed shielding, sampling schemes for various shaped breasts, and axillary imaging.
Download or read book New Approaches in SPECT Breast Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this research is to develop new techniques in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) breast cancer imaging providing improved detection and characterization of early stage breast cancer. Projection data were acquired by implementing a tiltable SPECT system on a breast and torso phantom. The data were reconstructed with both an ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm and a filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm with a ramp filter. Results indicated that the OSEM values for SNR and contrast were higher at all tilt angles and may offer better shape and uniform activity distribution of the breast compared to FBP images. Also, by using a tilted head SPECT system, the radius of rotation decreases and the chest wall near the breast can be adequately imaged. This results in increased resolution and sensitivity. A pinhole collimator is advantageous in imaging a breast due to its ability to get close to the breast and achieve a small radius of rotation, though lead shielding was ineffective in eliminating background activity froa the myocardium and liver. Combining a pinhole collimator with a tiltable head camera (T-22 SPECT) will hopefully provide us with improved resolution and increased angular range.
Download or read book Atlas of Breast Tomosynthesis written by Martin Sonnenschein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-08 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This superbly illustrated atlas of breast tomosynthesis covers all aspects and applications of the technology, which reduces tissue overlap and facilitates the recognition of small cancers. After clear explanation of basic principles of the technique, individual chapters address diagnostic criteria, indications, and use of breast tomosynthesis as a screening tool. The findings obtained in the full range of benign and malignant conditions, including postoperative changes, are then presented with the aid of a wealth of high-quality illustrations from case examples. Detailed attention is paid to the BI-RADS classification, bearing in mind the ability of tomosynthesis to reduce categorizations as BI-RADS 3 and 0, thereby decreasing the recall rate. The book concludes by examining tomosynthesis-guided interventions such as vacuum-assisted breast biopsy and galactography.
Download or read book Positron Emission Tomography written by Peter E. Valk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a contemporary reference to the science, technology and clinical applications of PET and PET/CT. The book is designed to be used by residents and fellows training in medical imaging specialties as well as imaging experts in private or academic practice who need to become familiar with this technology and its applications. It is also for use by those whose specialties carry over to PET and PET/CT, referring physicians such as oncologists, cardiologists, neurologists and surgeons. Developed as an offshoot/update of the "clinical practice" portion of the main book, edited by PE Valk et al, published in 2003 (Positron Emission Tomography: basic science and clinical practice), this offshoot covers the second half of the main book only, dealing with mainly the clinical research and practice. Most of the book comprises chapters updated from the "Clinical practice" portion of the main Valk book. It contains 6 brand new chapters and 22 completely revised and updated chapters from the main Valk book.
Download or read book Breast Tomosynthesis E Book written by Liane E Philpotts and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of tomosynthesis in breast imaging is growing rapidly due to its superior ability to identify and characterize normal findings, benign lesions, and breast cancer, as well as its optimal performance with dense breast tissue. Providing unparalleled coverage of this breakthrough breast imaging modality, Breast Tomosynthesis explains how this new modality can lead to enhanced interpretation and better patient outcomes. This new reference is an indispensable guide for today's practitioner looking to keep abreast of the latest developments with correlative findings, practical interpretation tips, physics, and information on how tomosynthesis differs from conventional 2D FFDM mammography. Over 900 high-quality images offer visual guidance to effectively reading and interpreting this key imaging modality. - Includes over 900 high-quality tomosynthesis and mammography images representing the spectrum of breast imaging. - Features the latest Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (or BI-RADS) standards updated in February 2014. - Highlights practical tips to interpreting this new modality and how it differs from 2D mammography. - Details how integration of tomosynthesis drastically changes lesion work-up and overall workflow in the department. - "Tomo Tips" boxes offer tips and pitfalls for expert clinical guidance.
Download or read book Optimizing and Evaluating an Integrated SPECT CmT System Dedicated to Improved 3 D Breast Cancer Imaging written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this research is to optimize the development of a combined dual-modality single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and x-ray computed mammotomography (CmT) system for the earlier detection and staging of breast cancer, improving surgical biopsy guidance, and the monitoring of patient therapy response. It is believed that co-registered acquisition of emission (nuclear) and transmission (x-ray) data using both 3D imaging modalities in a common field of view may aid to accurately localize the radioactive uptake of a tumor in the emission image by using anatomical structure from the transmission image. In this second year, the radiation dose absorbed by the uncompressed breast during a regular tomographic scan using is extensively quantified using the developed tomographic system. New concept designs for the next generation 3D breast CmT system are also developed, in addition to new tomographic trajectories designed to overcome limitations in the ability of the developed CmT system to view the chest wall of the prone patient. In addition to the technical work, other aspects of the training program were also completed, including site visits to a major medical imaging company, the presentation of the research at scientific conferences, and the ongoing submission of a manuscript to a major peer reviewed journal. Finally, the doctoral thesis arising from this research was written and successfully defended by the author.
Download or read book X Ray Phase Contrast Tomography written by Luca Brombal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-11-17 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-ray imaging is a corner stone of breast cancer diagnosis. By exploiting the phase shift of X-rays rather than their attenuation, phase-contrast tomography has the potential to dramatically increase the visibility of small and low contrast features, thus leading to better diagnosis. This thesis presents research on the first synchrotron-based project developing a clinical phase-contrast breast computed tomography (CT) setup at Elettra, the Italian Syncrotron Radiation Facility. This book includes a comprehensive theoretical background on propagation-based phase-contrast imaging, exploring and extending the most recent image formation models. Along with theory, many practical implementation and optimization issues, ranging from detector-specific processing to setup geometry, are tackled on the basis of a large number of experimental evidences. Most of the modelling results and data analysis have general validity, being a valuable framework for optimization of phase-contrast setups. Results obtained at synchrotron are also compared with "real world" laboratory sources: both a first-of-its-kind comparison with one of the few hospital breast CT systems and a state-of-the-art implementation of monochromatic phase-contrast micro-tomography with a conventional rotating anode source are presented. On a more general level, this work sheds a light on the importance of synchrotron-based clinical programs, which are key to trigger the long-anticipated transition of phase-contrast imaging from synchrotrons to hospitals.
Download or read book Quantitative Digital Tomosynthesis Mammography for Improved Breast Cancer Detection and Diagnosis written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the project is to develop advanced Digital Tomosynthesis Mammography (DTM) reconstruction algorithms with artifact reduction methods to optimize image quality and minimize image artifacts, and to improve quantitative linear attenuation coefficient estimation of breast tissues. When fully developed, the DTM can provide radiologists improved quantitative, three-dimensional volumetric information of the breast tissue, and assist in breast cancer detection and diagnosis. During this project year, we have performed the following tasks: (1) implementation and comparison of multiple algorithms for limited-angle cone-beam tomography in DTM reconstruction, and development of dedicated breast phantom and image quality evaluation measures, (2) development of efficient algorithm for iterative DTM reconstruction method by utilization of breast shape information, (3) development of artifact reduction methods to remove image artifacts from multiple sources, and (4) investigation of the impact of DTM system and imaging condition parameters on the reconstructed image quality. In summary, we have completed a number of studies in the development of advanced reconstruction algorithms for DTM. We have made progress in two tasks proposed in the project. We have found that our advanced reconstruction algorithms can provide improved reconstructed DTM image quality with minimized artifacts. We will continue the development of scatter correction and beam hardening correction methods in DTM reconstruction algorithms to improve the quantitative estimation of the linear attenuation properties of breast tissue in the coming years.
Download or read book Characterization of Breast Cancer Using an Endogenous Tumor Spectral Marker written by Shanshan Xu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical imaging has enjoyed a large following in cancer in general and breast cancer in particular (i.e., diffuse optical imaging, DOI and diffuse optical tomography, DOT). Optical imaging biomarkers emerge from modeling specific near-infrared (NIR) absorption signatures that are sensitive indicators of important molecular concentration and disposition. We have developed Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging (DOSI) by increasing spectral information content for the purpose of increasing access to molecular targets and states. Malignancy-specific optical imaging biomarkers may be important because the above-mentioned changes in tumor hemoglobin, water and lipids are a necessary but not a sufficient condition to classify therapeutic response. We note that for all therapeutic imaging assessments (i.e., mammography, ultrasound, MRI, PET) that the same case is true for their respective contrast mechanisms. By a novel spectral analysis method, we have discovered the presence of absorption signatures that are unique to malignant lesions. A reproducible absorption spectrum (Specific Tumor Component, STC) with several distinct spectral features emerges when compared with the normal absorption spectra (the flat line near zero) measured from the normal tissue of these subjects plus an additional 21 patients without any evidence of malignancy. These data demonstrate the existence of a spectral signature that acts as an optical biomarker for malignancy. We are not aware of any other such biomarker that combines high specificity with ease of application in the imaging field. This DOSI-measured malignancy-specific biomarker STC provides an ideal non-invasive surrogate biomarker for breast lesion detection and differentiation. Although STC offers both spectroscopic and quantitative information for breast malignancy, this method relies on complicated data analysis and lacks of standardization. Thus, it is still far from a clinical reality. In order to carry out a quantitative assessment of its potential in becoming a standardized clinical detection modality for tumor detection/prediction/prognosis, the longitudinal temporal stability of signatures must be evaluated and the detection limit must be set. The overall clinical goal is to evaluate the possibilities for STC detection method to become a future clinical practice. Building the linkage between pre-existing detection modalities (pathological biomarkers, DCE-MRI) and novel spectral signature detection is essential. The medical interpretation of the findings from conventional tools will shed light on the understanding and further employment of STC biomarker. Similarly, STC detection with a high diagnosis sensitivity and specificity could be very well an adjunct method for traditional modalities.
Download or read book Impulse Response Characterization of Breast Tomosynthesis Reconstruction with Parallel Imaging Configurations written by Apuroop Balla and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To date, the most cost effective method for breast screening and early detection is mammography. The mammography technique uses a low-dose X-ray system to acquire images of the breast. Digital Breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a new technique that acquires limited angle tomographic projection images to reconstruct three-dimensional information of the breast. The development of tomosynthesis is a substantial improvement over conventional tomography in that it allows retrospective reconstruction of an arbitrary number of planes with an acquisition dataset. We investigated three different tomosynthesis image reconstruction algorithms including shift-and-add (SAA), back projection (BP), filtered back projection (FBP) with parallel imaging geometry to improve breast cancer detection. We also examined the effect of varying the number of projection images (N) and total view angle (VA) for each reconstruction algorithm characterized by impulse response (IR) analysis. IR data were generated by simulating the projection images of a very thin wire, using various combinations of VA and N. Based on this project, we hope to optimize the image configuration to contribute to the breast tomosynthesis field.
Download or read book 3D Automated Breast Volume Sonography written by Veronika Gazhonova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces an exciting new method for breast ultrasound diagnostics – automated whole-breast volume scanning (3D ABVS). Scanning technique is described in detail, with guidance on scanning positions and protocols. Imaging findings are then illustrated and discussed for normal breast variants, the different forms of breast cancer, fibroadenomas, cystic disease, benign and malignant male breast disorders, mastitis, breast implants, and postoperative breast scars. In order to aid appreciation of the benefits of 3D ABVS, comparisons with findings on X-ray mammography and conventional 2D hand-held US are presented. Readers will be especially impressed by the convincing demonstration of the advantages of the new method for diagnosis of breast cancer in women with dense glandular tissue. In enabling readers to learn how to perform and interpret 3D ABVS, this book will be of great value for all who are embarking on its use. It will also serve as a welcome reference for radiologists, oncologists, and ultrasonographers who already have some familiarity with the technique.
Download or read book A Patient specific Infrared Imaging Technique for Adjunctive Breast Cancer Screening written by Alyssa Owens and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Breast cancer is currently the most prevalent form of cancer in women with over 266,000 new diagnoses every year. The various methods used for breast cancer screening range in accuracy and cost, however there is no easily reproducible, reliable, low-cost screening method currently available for detecting cancer in breasts, especially with dense tissue. Steady-state Infrared Imaging (IRI) is unaffected by tissue density and has the potential to detect tumors in the breast by measuring and capturing the thermal profile on the breast surface induced by increased blood perfusion and metabolic activity in a rapidly growing malignant tumor. The current work presents a better understanding of IRI as an accurate breast cancer detection modality. A detailed study utilizing IRI-MRI approach with clinical design and validation of an elaborate IRI-Mammo study are presented by considering patient population, clinical study design, image interpretation, and recommended future path. Clinical IRI images are obtained in this study and an ANSYS-based modeling process developed earlier at RIT is used to localize and detect tumor in seven patients without subjective human interpretation. Further, the unique thermal characteristics of tumors that make their signatures distinct from benign conditions are identified. This work is part of an ongoing multidisciplinary collaboration between a team of thermal engineers and numerical modelers at the Rochester Institute of Technology and a team of clinicians at the Rochester General Hospital. The following components were developed to ensure valid experimentation while considering ethical considerations: IRB documentation, patient protocols, an image acquisition system (camera setup and screening table), and the necessary tools needed for image analysis without human interpretation. IRI images in the prone position were obtained and were used in accurately detecting the presence of a cancerous tumor in seven subjects. The size and location of tumor was also confirmed within 7 mm as compared to biopsy-proven pathology information. The study indicates that the IRI-Mammo approach has potential to be a highly effective adjunctive screening tool that can improve the breast cancer detection rates especially for subjects with dense breast tissue. This method is low cost, no-touch, radiation-free and highly portable, making it an attractive candidate as a breast cancer detection modality. Further, the developed method provided insight into infrared features corresponding to other biological images, pathology reports and patient history."--Abstract.
Download or read book Tornosynthesis Breast Imaging Early Detection and Characterization of Breast Cancer written by Loren Niklason and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tomosynthesis is a method of obtaining tomographic images of the breast. We have developed a method for breast tomosynthesis using a full-field digital mammography system. algorithms have been developed to reconstruct any plane in the breast from a series of low-dose images obtained as the x-ray source moves in an are above the breast. Our results indicate: (1) a radiation dose similar to a conventional mammogram may be used for tomosynthesis, (2) the optimum number of view is seven to mine based on the trade-off between total exposure time and the number of views, and (3) the optimum tomographic angle is 30 to 40 degrees. Finally, we have developed a number of phantoms for basic image quality measurements and complex phantoms for an observer study. Our results indicate tomosynthesis will over improvements over conventional breast screening methods.
Download or read book Optimizing Near infrared Spectral Tomography for Diagnostic Imaging and Monitoring of Breast Cancer Treatment written by Yan Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Near-infrared spectral tomography (NIRST) has been intensively investigated for clinical application in breast imaging, by providing functional information about physiologically related biomarkers such as oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, water, lipid and scatter component. In this thesis, a series of studies on system development and reconstruction algorithm were completed to improve the imaging quality of MR-guide NIRST and to predicate breast cancer response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. To optimize image recovery which maximizes difference between malignant and benign lesions, non-linear iterative reconstructions of MR-Guided NISRT images were recovered using an L-curve based algorithm, and applied to clinical trial data. The statistical analyses have shown that the new approach dramatically improved the statistical significance for differentiating malignant from benign lesions. While MRI guide NIRST has been utilized to detect breast cancer, NIRST is also used to predicate and monitor breast tumor responses in patients with locally advanced breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant treatment. Based on an existing hybrid NIRST system developed at Dartmouth, a compact and portable NIRST system has been developed for imaging patients in the infusion unit while patients are awaiting or undergoing infusion. This system can acquire frequency-domain and continuous-wave data simultaneously at 12 wavelengths in the wavelength range of 660nm to 1064nm. Novel soft gel based homogenous and heterogamous tissue-mimicking phantoms with sphere-shape inclusions have been developed, to mimic human breasts. The phantom experiments indicate that the reconstructed optical images highly depend on the position of imaging plane, especially in the case of small inclusions. Tomographic images of breast collagen content have been recovered for the first time, and image reconstruction approaches with and without collagen content included have been validated in simulation studies, which indicate that including collagen content into the reconstruction procedure can significantly reduce the overestimation in total hemoglobin, water and lipid, and underestimates in oxygen saturation. A group of 10 normal subjects were imaged, and significantly higher (p
Download or read book Remonstrance d un grand de la religion pr tendue reform e written by and published by . This book was released on 1616 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Digital Breast Tomosynthesis DBT written by Ying Chen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several image reconstruction algorithms were investigated: traditional shift-and-add (SAA), Niklason's image stretching shift-and-add (ISSAA), maximum likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM), matrix inversion tomosynthesis (MITS), and filtered back projection (FBP).
