Download or read book Determination Whether Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells Influence Contrast Sensitivity written by 包家榮 and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seeing Without Rods Or Cones Contributions of Intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells to the Image forming Visual System written by Stewart Madon and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It was long thought that rods and cones were the only components of the mammalian retina capable of conveying light information to the brain. Recently, a novel class of transduction-capable retinal ganglion cells containing the photopigment melanopsin were discovered in the mammalian retina identified as an “intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell” or ipRGC. Most of the functionality associated with ipRGCs has been linked to nonperceptual, non-cortical visual operations such as circadian (day-night) phase modulation and pupillary constriction. More recently, however, two subpopulations of ipRGCs have been identified called M1 and M2 cells, with the latter showing “blue-yellow” chromatic opponency that possibly links to brightness or colour pattern vision – properties associated with the retinogeniculostriate, or image-forming visual system. The present study expands on the current understanding of these putative image-forming non-traditional photoreceptor systems. To this end, I developed two stimulus paradigms that target short-wavelength-sensitive cones (S-cones) to tease out the unique contributions of ipRGCs that have neural associations with S-cone visual functioning. In the first paradigm, I measured detection thresholds using short-wavelength selective stimuli that are temporally presented with either an onset or offset “sawtooth” profile to ascertain ipRGC input to the S-OFF, “brightness” pathways. The results revealed differences in the asymmetry between S-ON and S-OFF pathways dependent upon adapting field conditions that were expected to influence ipRGCs over other photoreceptors. In the second experiment, I used a modification of an S-cone contrast sensitivity task employing homochromatic “blue” sine-grating gabors of varying spatial frequencies to directly test ipRGC involvement in spatial pattern vision. The results from the second experiment showed a slight advantage to the perception of low spatial frequency gabors superimposed on chromatic adapting fields that were expected to influence ipRGCs more than the others. Preliminary evidence supporting a spatial tuning property of ipRGCs was also found. Overall, these findings suggest that ipRGCs have measurable influences on conscious, image-forming perceptions, and shed further light on the microcircuitry of the retinogeniculate pathway."-- from abstract.
Download or read book Webvision written by Helga Kolb and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contrast Sensitivity written by R. M. Shapley and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation The seventeen contributions present current research in visual signal processing, inthe retina and central pathways, and in the study of contrast sensitivity in humans.
Download or read book Contrast Sensitivity of the Human Eye and Its Effects on Image Quality written by Peter G. J. Barten and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the contrast sensitivity of the human visual system - concerning the eye's ability to distinguish objects from each other or from the background - and its effects on the imageforming process. The text provides equations for determining various aspects of contrast sensitivity, in addition to models that easily can be used for practical applications.
Download or read book The Effect of Aging and Visual Impairments on Spatio temporal Contrast Sensitivity written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Pupil Behavior Anatomy Physiology and Clinical Biomarkers written by Andrew J. Zele and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-06-22 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Download or read book The First Steps in Seeing written by Robert W. Rodieck and published by Sinauer Associates Incorporated. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First Steps in Seeing is about the eyes, and how they capture an image and convert it to the neural messages that ultimately result in visual experience. A full appreciation of how the eyes work is rooted in diverse areas of science-optics; biochemistry and photochemistry; molecular biology, cell biology, neurobiology, and evolutionary biology; psychology and psychophysics. The findings related to vision from any one of these fields are not difficult to understand in themselves, but, in order to be clear and precise, each discipline has developed its own set of words and conceptual relations-in effect, its own language-and for those wanting a broad introduction to vision these separate languages can present more of an impediment to understanding than an aid. However, what lies beneath these words usually has a beautiful simplicity, and it is the aim of The First Steps in Seeing to describe how we see in a manner that is understandable to all. In this book, the use of technical terms is restricted, and several hundred full-color illustrations ensure that the terms that are used are associated with a picture, icon, or graph that visually expresses their meaning. Experimental findings have been recast in terms of the natural world whenever possible, and broad themes bring together lines of thought that are often treated separately. Fourteen main chapters form a "thread" that tells the main scientific story and can be read without specialized knowedge or reliance on other sources. This thread is linked to fourteen discussions which explore certain crucial topics in greater depth. Notes link the material presented in the thread and in the special topics discussions to important review articles and seminal research papers. The First Steps in Seeing is an innovative, authoritative work that belongs in the library of anyone with an interest in visual perception.
Download or read book Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Polypeptide written by Hubert Vaudry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the first volume to be written on the neuropeptide PACAP. It covers all domains of PACAP from molecular and cellular aspects to physiological activities and promises for new therapeutic strategies. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the twentieth volume published in the Endocrine Updates book series under the Series Editorship of Shlomo Melmed, MD.
Download or read book Duplicity Theory of Vision written by Bjørn Stabell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-13 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book chronicles the development of three classic theories within vision research, from the 17th century to today, focusing on duplicity theory.
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision second edition written by John R. Heckenlively and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2006-04-07 with total page 1033 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-awaited second edition of an authoritative reference on electrophysiologic vision testing, including detailed information on techniques and problems, basic physiology and anatomy, theoretical concepts, and clinical findings; with extensive new material. This authoritative text is the only comprehensive reference available on electrophysiologic vision testing, offering both practical information on techniques and problems as well as basic physiology and anatomy, theoretical concepts, and clinical correlations. The second edition, of the widely used text, offers extensive new material and updated information: 65 of the 84 chapters are completely new, with the changes reflecting recent advances in the field. The book will continue to be an essential resource for practitioners and scholars from a range of disciplines within vision science. The contributions not only cover new information—important material that is likely to become more important in the next decade—but also offer a long-range perspective on the field and its remarkable development in the last century. After discussing the history and background of clinical electrophysiology, the book introduces the anatomy of the retina and principles of cell biology in the visual pathways at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels. It relates these new findings to the techniques and interpretations of clinical tests, including the electro-oculogram (EOG), electroretinogram (ERG), and visual evoked potentials (VEP), which are discussed in detail, as are equipment, data acquisition and analysis, principles and protocols for clinical testing, diseases and dysfunction, and animal testing. Notable additions for this edition include chapters on the origin of electroretinogram waveforms, multifocal techniques, testing in standard laboratory animals, recent advances in analysis of abnormalities in disease, and the applications of these techniques to the study of genetic abnormalities.
Download or read book High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology written by Josef F. Bille and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book provides a comprehensive overview of the application of the newest laser and microscope/ophthalmoscope technology in the field of high resolution imaging in microscopy and ophthalmology. Starting by describing High-Resolution 3D Light Microscopy with STED and RESOLFT, the book goes on to cover retinal and anterior segment imaging and image-guided treatment and also discusses the development of adaptive optics in vision science and ophthalmology. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the reader will learn about the latest developments and most up to date technology in the field and how these translate to a medical setting. High Resolution Imaging in Microscopy and Ophthalmology – New Frontiers in Biomedical Optics has been written by leading experts in the field and offers insights on engineering, biology, and medicine, thus being a valuable addition for scientists, engineers, and clinicians with technical and medical interest who would like to understand the equipment, the applications and the medical/biological background. Lastly, this book is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Gerhard Zinser, co-founder of Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, a scientist, a husband, a brother, a colleague, and a friend.
Download or read book Anatomy Ocular physiology Biochemistry and genetics Pathology Microbiology Immunology Growth and senescence Optics Therapeutics Lasers and instrument technology Basic biostatistical and epidemiological terms written by Louise Bye and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An indispensable and fully comprehensive textbook, this covers the basic sciences in ophthalmology and is the only book you need to pass the FRCOphth Part 1 exam.
Download or read book Pediatric Neuro Ophthalmology written by Michael C. Brodsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric Neuroophthalmology details the diagnostic criteria, current concepts of pathogenesis, neuroradiological correlates, and clinical management of a large group of neuroophthalmic disorders that present in childhood. Surprisingly distinct from neuroophthalmic disorders afflicting adults, this set of diseases falls between the cracks of most ophthalmology training, and thus, warrants a practical, clinical guide for the practitioner in ophthalmology - the neuroophthalmologist, pediatric ophthalmologist, general ophthalmologist - as well as neurologists and for residents. The authors, leading pediatric ophthalmologists, have taken this difficult subject matter and developed an accessible, user-friendly manual with a detailed approach to the recognition, differential diagnosis, and management of pediatric neuroophthalmologic disorders.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Sleep written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 2626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world of 24-hour media saturation, sleep has become an increasingly fraught enterprise. The award-winning four-volume Encyclopedia of Sleep, Four Volume Set is the largest reference, either online or in print, on the subject of sleep. Written to be useful for the novice and the established researcher and clinician, Topic areas will include sleep across the life cycle and in other species, sleep and women, sleep and the elderly, pediatric sleep, sleep deprivation and loss, sleep mechanisms, sleep physiology and pathophysiology, sleep disorders, neurobiology, chronobiology, pharmacology, and impact of other disorders on sleep. Recognizing the many fields that are connected to sleep science, the editorial team has been carefully chosen to do justice to this highly interdisciplinary field of study. The steady growth of researchers and clinicians in the sleep field attests to the continued interest in the scientific study of sleep and the management of patients with sleep disorders, and anyone involved in this exciting field should find this work to be an invaluable reference. 2013 PROSE Award winner for Multivolume Reference in Science from the Association of American Publishers Thoroughly interdisciplinary: looks at sleep throughout the life cycle, with exceptional coverage of basic sleep concepts, the physiology of sleep as well as sleep disorders of all descriptions Excellent coverage of sleep and special populations, covering the lifespan, as well as gender and ethnic differences, among others Chapters focusing on sleep disorders are grouped under the broad categories classified in the ICSD-2 for clear organization so that the reader can effectively access the steps involved in diagnosing and treating these disorders Online version is linked both within the encyclopedia (to related content) and to external sources (such as primary journal content) so that users have easy access to more detailed information if needed
Download or read book The Neurobiology of Circadian Timing written by A. Kalsbeek and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-09-21 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation, and provide their views and perspectives for future research Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist Leading authors review the state-of-the-art in their field of investigation, and provide their views and perspectives for future research Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist
Download or read book Circadian Rhythm Sleep Wake Disorders written by R. Robert Auger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-26 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book resolves to bridge the communication gap between research and clinical practice for circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders. Beginning with a scientific background on biological timekeeping, opening chapters describe the crucial nature of maintaining delicate temporal organization of physiological and molecular events within the body. Following this are discussions on circadian physiology and methods of circadian assessments. Subsequent chapters then relay comprehensive information regarding the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-defined circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders (CRSWDs), specifically discussing etiology and epidemiology, but focusing on evidence-based treatment data. Concluding discussions provide guidance for the application of light therapy and discuss future roles for optimized lighting environments. Nuanced and market-demanded, Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide for Clinicians and Investigators is an invaluable resource for Sleep Medicine clinicians, circadian researchers, and other interested parties.
