Download or read book Determination of the Dynamic Tibiofemoral Contact Mechanics in a Total Knee Replacement written by Lisa Marie Gustafson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mobility and Contact Mechanics of a Rotating Platform Total Knee Replacement written by Jason K. Otto and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite their increasing clinical usage, mobile-bearing total knee replacements have not been well characterized biomechanically. An experimental and finite element analysis was done to asses the mobility and contact mechanics of a widely used rotating platform total knee replacement. Parameters that varied were axial load, condylar load allocation, flexion angle, and static versus dynamic loading. Similar results from the physical model and finite element model lend credence to the validity of the findings. The torque required to initiate rotation (static torque) was greater than that to sustain rotation (dynamic torque). At four times body weight axial load, peak resisting torque measured was 9.47 ± 0.61 and 5.51 ± 0.38 N-m, for static and dynamic torque, respectively. A 60-40 condylar load allocation produced slightly less resisting torque than the 50-50 load. For all practical purposes, the polyethylene insert rotated simultaneously with the femoral component, leading to maintenance of high contact area, desirable behavior clinically. Walking cycle simulations produced a total axial rotation range of motion of 6°. The high frictional torques observed at the mobile interface may explain why a percentage of these mobile-bearings fail to rotate under routine functional load.
Download or read book Computational Modelling of Biomechanics and Biotribology in the Musculoskeletal System written by Zhongmin Jin and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Modelling of Biomechanics and Biotribology in the Musculoskeletal System: Biomaterials and Tissues, Second Edition reviews how a wide range of materials are modeled and applied. Chapters cover basic concepts for modeling of biomechanics and biotribology, the fundamentals of computational modeling of biomechanics in the musculoskeletal system, finite element modeling in the musculoskeletal system, computational modeling from a cells and tissues perspective, and computational modeling of the biomechanics and biotribology interactions, looking at complex joint structures. This book is a comprehensive resource for professionals in the biomedical market, materials scientists and biomechanical engineers, and academics in related fields. This important new edition provides an up-to-date overview of the most recent research and developments involving hydroxyapatite as a key material in medicine and its application, including new content on novel technologies, biomorphic hydroxyapatite and more. Provides detailed, introductory coverage of modeling of cells and tissues, modeling of biomaterials and interfaces, biomechanics and biotribology Discusses applications of modeling for joint replacements and applications of computational modeling in tissue engineering Offers a holistic perspective, from cells and small ligaments to complex joint interactions
Download or read book Experimental Methods in Orthopaedic Biomechanics written by Radovan Zdero and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental Methods in Orthopaedic Biomechanics is the first book in the field that focuses on the practicalities of performing a large variety of in-vitro laboratory experiments. Explanations are thorough, informative, and feature standard lab equipment to enable biomedical engineers to advance from a ‘trial and error’ approach to an efficient system recommended by experienced leaders. This is an ideal tool for biomedical engineers or biomechanics professors in their teaching, as well as for those studying and carrying out lab assignments and projects in the field. The experienced authors have established a standard that researchers can test against in order to explain the strengths and weaknesses of testing approaches. Provides step-by-step guidance to help with in-vitro experiments in orthopaedic biomechanics Presents a DIY manual that is fully equipped with illustrations, practical tips, quiz questions, and much more Includes input from field experts who combine their real-world experience to provide invaluable insights for all those in the field
Download or read book Development of a Computational Model to Predict the in Vivo Contact Mechanics of Modern Total Knee Arthroplasty written by Adrija Sharma and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on the development of a computationally efficient and fast method that incorporates the kinematics obtained from fluoroscopy and extends it to the prediction of the in-vivo contact mechanics at the femoro-tibial articulation in modern knee implants for the deep knee bend activity. In this endeavor, this dissertation deals with the use of an inverse dynamic rigid body model characterizing the slip and roll behavior observed in the femoro-polyethylene articulation and a coupled deformation model where the polyethylene in knee implants are modeled as hexahedral discrete element networks. The performance of this method is tested by comparing force predictions from a telemetric knee and finite element analysis. Finally, the method is applied to study the in vivo contact mechanics and mechanics of the quadriceps mechanism in six popular knee designs. During the deep knee bend activity, the contact force generally increased with flexion. However, the medial lateral forces were not equally distributed and the medial lateral force distribution generally varied from 60%- 40% at full extension to as high as 75%-25% at full flexion in some patients. Also, the magnitude of axial force in the superior-inferior direction was the highest and was found to contribute around 98%-99% of the total load acting at the femorotibial joint. The forces in the medio-lateral and antero-posterior directions were low and the maximum magnitude observed was around 0.5BW. The contact areas and contact pressures were much more sensitive to the geometries involved and the in vivo kinematics. Though no definite pattern was observed for the variation of the contact areas throughout flexion, the contact pressures increased in both condyles with increasing flexion. Also, the contact pressures on the medial condyle were higher than the contact pressures observed in the lateral condyle. The patellofemoral and the quadriceps force ratio increased with the increase in flexion while the patellar ligament and the quadriceps force ratio decreased with increasing flexion. In some patients at high flexion, the quadriceps force and as a result the patellofemoral, patellar ligament and the knee contact forces were found to decrease due to the wrapping of the quadriceps coupled with posterior movement of the femoral condyles leading to the increase in the quadriceps moment arm.
Download or read book Computational Biomechanics written by Kozaburo Hayashi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of readily available computing power and progress in numerical techniques has made nonlinear systems - the kind that only a few years ago were ignored as too complex - open to analysis for the first time. Now realistic models of living systems incorporating the nonlinear variation and anisotropic nature of physical properties can be solved numerically on modern computers to give realistically usable results. This has opened up new and exciting possibilities for the fusing of ideas from physiology and engineering in the burgeoning new field that is biomechanics. Computational Biomechanics presents pioneering work focusing on the areas of orthopedic and circulatory mechanics, using experimental results to confirm or improve the relevant mathematical models and parameters. Together with two companion volumes, Biomechanics: Functional Adaptation and Remodeling and the Data Book on Mechanical Properties of Living Cells, Tissues, and Organs, this monograph will prove invaluable to those working in fields ranging from medical science and clinical medicine to biomedical engineering and applied mechanics.
Download or read book Analysis of Contact Mechanic in Total Knee Replacement written by Mohamad Zainizam Che Idris and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insall Scott Surgery of the Knee E Book written by W. Norman Scott and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-02-10 with total page 2758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee by Dr. W. Norman Scott remains the definitive choice for guidance on the most effective approaches for the diagnosis and management of the entire scope of knee disorders. This edition reflects a complete content overhaul, with more than 50 new chapters and over 400 contributors from around the world. The video program includes 70 new video clips, while new and expanded material covers a range of hot topics, including same-day surgery and hospital management of knee arthroplasty patients and anesthesia specific for knee surgery. Extensive visual elements and video program include nearly 70 new videos -- over 230 in total – as well as a Glossary of Implants featuring 160 demonstrative pictures. Over 50 new chapters and brand-new sections on Same Day Surgery and Hospital Management of Knee Arthroplasty Patients; Quality and Payment Paradigms for TKA; Anesthesia Specific for Knee Surgery; and Preoperative Assessment, Perioperative Management, and Postoperative Pain Control. An expanded Adult Reconstruction Section informs readers about Enhanced Primary Revision and the treatment of Peri-prosthetic fractures in TKA. Includes enhanced worldwide approaches for all aspects of disorders of the knee from nearly 400 contributors worldwide. Boasts updated pediatric knee considerations and updated tumor surgery principles for the treatment of tumors about the knee. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, videos (including video updates), glossary, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Download or read book Personalized Hip and Knee Joint Replacement written by Charles Rivière and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes and illustrates the surgical techniques, implants, and technologies used for the purpose of personalized implantation of hip and knee components. This new and flourishing treatment philosophy offers important benefits over conventional systematic techniques, including component positioning appropriate to individual anatomy, improved surgical reproducibility and prosthetic performance, and a reduction in complications. The techniques described in the book aim to reproduce patients’ native anatomy and physiological joint laxity, thereby improving the prosthetic hip/knee kinematics and functional outcomes in the quest of the forgotten joint. They include kinematically aligned total knee/total hip arthroplasty, partial knee replacement, and hip resurfacing. The relevance of available and emerging technological tools for these personalized approaches is also explained, with coverage of, for example, robotics, computer-assisted surgery, and augmented reality. Contributions from surgeons who are considered world leaders in diverse fields of this novel surgical philosophy make this open access book will invaluable to a wide readership, from trainees at all levels to consultants practicing lower limb surgery
Download or read book Tibio femoral Joint Contact Mechanics written by Paul Gauthier and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Bioengineering written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the World Tribology Congress III 2005 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contact Kinematics of the Tibiofemoral and Patellofemoral Joints for an Asymmetric Posterior Cruciate retaining Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty and the Native Contralateral Knee written by Stephanie Nicolet-Petersen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a viable alternative to mechanically aligned (MA) TKA because randomized trials, meta-analyses, multicenter national, and matched cohort studies have shown that patients treated with KA TKA reported significantly better pain relief, function, flexion, and a more normal feeling knee than patients treated with MA TKA. KA TKA strives to co-align the axes and joint lines of the components with the three kinematic axes and joint lines of the native knee without placing restrictions on the preoperative deformity and postoperative correction, and without soft-tissue releases. Although KA results in biomechanical variables characterizing knee function in passive motion such as laxities and tibial contact forces which are not different generally from those of the native knee, the reported incidence of complications is infrequent, and implant survivorship was 97.5% at ten-year follow up, the in vivo kinematics of the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints are largely unknown. Tibiofemoral and patellofemoral contact kinematics describe the relative motions and movement of the contact locations between the bones through flexion. Knowledge of contact kinematics provides an objective assessment of joint function and can be used to evaluate the performance of component designs and alignment philosophies in TKA and provide a means of comparison to the healthy native knee. In the tibiofemoral joint, anterior-posterior (AP) tibial contact locations of a TKA should not be identical to those of the native knee due to differences in curvature of the articular surfaces, but nevertheless differences should be limited. Further, contact on the posterior edge of the tibial insert should be avoided as this has been associated with uneven, accelerated wear of the insert. In the patellofemoral joint, complications such as anterior knee pain, subluxation, and extensor mechanism deficiency represent some of the primary sources of patient dissatisfaction and non-infectious indications of revision surgery following TKA. Biomechanical variables which provide objective measures of patellofemoral joint function are patellar flexion angles and proximal-distal patellar contact locations, which describe the rotation of the patella relative to the femur and location of contact on the patella by the femur, respectively, in the sagittal plane during flexion activities. The incidence of patellar loss of contact at full extension is another objective measure. Designing and surgically aligning TKA components to more closely restore tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematics to those of the native knee may prevent postoperative complications. Hence, there were two objectives. The first objective determined differences in AP tibial contact locations of a KA TKA performed with anatomic (i.e. asymmetric) posterior cruciate-retaining (CR) components from those of the native contralateral knee and also determined the incidence of posterior edge contact of the tibial insert during a deep knee bend and a step-up. The second objective determined whether the patellar flexion angle and proximal-distal patellar contact location were different from those of the native contralateral knee during a deep knee bend, and determined patellar loss of contact at full extension only for the KA TKA. Methods: A review of one surgeon’s database of postoperative CT scans from November 2014 to April 2017 identified patients with a KA TKA performed with anatomic CR components and a native contralateral knee with no skeletal abnormalities in either limb except for the KA TKA. Patients were selected with no restriction on preoperative varus-valgus or flexion-contracture deformity. Twenty-five patients’ native and KA TKA knees were imaged with a fluoroscope at 15 frames per second while they performed a deep knee bend from full extension to maximum flexion, and again while they performed a step-up. For the deep knee bend both knees were imaged in an oblique view and in a lateral view to collect the images for the tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint analyses, respectively. AP tibial contact locations and the occurrence of posterior edge contact of the tibial insert were determined with 3D model to 2D image registration for each patient. Patellar flexion angle, proximal-distal patellar contact location, and patellar loss of contact at full extension were determined with a series of measurements made directly on the 2D fluoroscopic images. Paired t-tests at each knee flexion angle determined the significance of the difference between the KA TKAs and the native knees. Results: For the tibiofemoral joint, differences in mean AP tibial contact locations between the KA TKA and contralateral native knees were 2 – 8 mm in the medial and lateral compartments. The incidence of posterior edge contact of the tibial insert in the lateral compartment was 16% (4 of 25 patients). The incidence of posterior edge contact of the tibial insert in the medial compartment was 4% (1 of 25 patients). For the patellofemoral joint, mean patellar flexion angles were not different between the KA TKAs and the native knees throughout the motion arc. The difference in the mean proximal-distal patellar contact locations was 4 mm when statistically significant. The incidence of patellar loss of contact in the KA TKAs at full extension was 8% (2 of 25 patients). Discussion: For the tibiofemoral joint, KA TKA performed with anatomic CR components resulted in mean AP tibial contact locations which were relatively centered in the compartments and differed at most from those of the contralateral native knee by approximately 15% of the AP depth of a mid-sized tibial baseplate. The occurrence of posterior edge contact in some of the patients may be explained in part by the anatomical design of the tibial component which was internally rotated when aligned kinematically. However, all patients with posterior edge contact had high patient-reported outcome scores at the time of follow up. For the patellofemoral joint, KA TKA performed with CR components restored patellar flexion angles to native and largely restored the proximal-distal patellar contact locations, which at most differed from native by approximately 10% of the mean proximal-distal patella length. In the KA TKA, patellar loss of contact was infrequent. These findings may explain the low incidence of patellofemoral complications in KA TKA.
Download or read book Total Knee Arthroplasty written by James Alan Rand and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 1993 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference on total knee arthroplasty describes all surgical techniques and prosthetic designs for primary and revision arthroplasty, discusses every aspect of patient selection, preoperative planning, and intraoperative and postoperative care.
Download or read book High Flexion Kinematics and Kinetics for the Improvement of Artificial Knee Joints written by Stacey Marie Acker and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Total knee arthroplasty has been effective in reducing pain, but less so in restoring function, especially for activities requiring deep knee flexion. The philosophy of this dissertation was that more functionally effective and optimally designed artificial knees could be created for high flexion activities, if the knee joint kinematics and joint contact forces applied during finite element testing, knee simulator testing, and fatigue testing were more physiologically accurate. The objective of this work was to determine knee joint kinematics and contact forces that could be used in high flexion total knee replacement design and pre-clinical testing. Knee kinematics were determined during high flexion activities for total knee replacement patients and asymptomatic subjects by tracking the motion of skin-mounted sensors. In addition, a protocol was developed to determine the effect of soft tissue artefact on the accuracy of the skin-mounted sensor system in high flexion. The ranges of motion determined for the studied activities can be used as a benchmark to measure the functional success of high flexion total knee replacements. Tibiofemoral joint contact forces were estimated during high flexion activities of daily living using a simple, non-invasive, inverse dynamics based model. The accuracy of the joint contact force estimates was investigated by comparing the estimated forces to in vivo forces measured directly using implanted instrumented tibial components. The comparison showed that the model underestimates the measured axial joint contact force, most likely because the model neglects antagonistic muscle co-contraction. The measured and modeled joint contact forces and the measured knee kinematics could be used to form industry standards for knee simulator and fatigue testing to ensure that the implants are being tested physiologically. Healthy target populations can be studied using the methods outlined in this thesis to define testing standards for target populations: Kinematics can be determined as they were in this work for a group of Middle Eastern subjects, and the non-invasive inverse dynamics based model (with some consideration for the underestimation of forces) could be used to determine the tibiofemoral joint contact forces that the implant might be subjected to during activities of daily living.
Download or read book Mobility and Contact Mechanics of Rotating Platform Total Knee Replacements written by Jason Karl Otto and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Congress of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2006 written by Sun I. Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-05 with total page 4361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings of the World Congress 2006, the fourteenth conference in this series, offer a strong scientific program covering a wide range of issues and challenges which are currently present in Medical physics and Biomedical Engineering. About 2,500 peer reviewed contributions are presented in a six volume book, comprising 25 tracks, joint conferences and symposia, and including invited contributions from well known researchers in this field.
