Download or read book Determination of Fundamental Thermodynamic Properties of Alkali Alkaline Earth Elements in Liquid Metals for Recovery from Molten Salt Solutions written by Nathan Douglas Smith and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the nuclear industry, uranium is recovered from used nuclear fuel using a process known as electrorefining in which a metallic used nuclear fuel anode is oxidized into molten LiCl-KCl-UCl3 electrolyte and pure U is preferentially reduced onto an inert cathode. While electrorefiner systems facilitate the recycling of substantial amounts of uranium from used nuclear fuel, they also contribute to the production of nuclear waste due to the build-up of dangerous elements including 90Sr and 137Cs in the molten salt electrolyte as they are more active in the salt than U and will therefore oxidize out of the anode before U. The accumulation of Sr and Cs in the electrolyte presents a problem as Sr and Cs isotopes have high heat densities and produce large amounts of highly ionizing radiation; these hazards combined with difficulty in removing the highly stable Sr and Cs from the electrolyte necessitates frequent replacement and disposal of the electrolyte, which then contributes to the overall volume of nuclear waste. This dissertation focuses on evaluating the viability of using liquid metal electrodes as a method for electrochemical separation of Sr and Cs from LiCl-KCl-based molten salts due to their strong atomic interactions with alkali/alkaline-earth elements, which cause a shift in relative stability of the alkali/alkaline-earths in the electrolyte. Thermodynamic properties, including activities, partial molar entropies, and partial molar enthalpies, were determined using electromotive force measurements for the Sr-Bi, Sr-Sb, and Sr-Sn binary systems in order to elucidate the strength of interactions between Sr and each liquid metal. By combining the fundamental thermochemical data with phase characterization of each of the binary systems using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a comprehensive understanding of both thermodynamic phase behavior was developed for all three binary systems. Activities as low as aSr = 10-13 at xSr = 0.04 at T = 888 K were measured as well as liquid state solubilities as high as 40 mol% at 988 K. Experimental data was used as input data towards computational efforts involving first-principles calculations as well as the CALPHAD technique in the case of the Sr-Sb system to develop an improved Sr-Sb phase diagram and provide further basis for the use of computational models in elucidating strongly interacting binary systems. Attempts to remove Sr from molten salt electrolyte using an electrochemical cell with liquid metal (Bi, Sb, Sn) cathodes were successful, with post-mortem elemental analysis of the electrodes confirming significant quantities of Sr (4.0-6.5 mol%) deposited into Bi and Sb. Furthermore, deposition results correlated well with the deposition behavior predicted from the aforementioned electromotive force measurements, inviting the possibility of using liquid metal electrodes as a method for selectively removing Sr from molten LiCl-KCl electrolyte and for reducing the total volume of nuclear waste left accumulating in on-site repositories throughout the US.

Download or read book Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties written by Vivian B. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermodynamic Properties of Molten salt Solutions written by Milton Blander and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mixtures of Metals with Molten Salts written by M. A. Bredig and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Propertiesof Alkali Metals written by RW Ohse and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1991-01-15 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this handbook is to summarize and assess the vast amount of data and provide the practicing engineer and basic research worker with a comprehensive survey of current knowledge on structural, thermodynamic and transport properties of alkali materials. In order to guarantee a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the field, an international team of approximately eighty leading scientists from around the world was invited to assess their own specialization as it applies to alkali metals. The first two sections of the handbook cover the basic relationships and theory of liquid metals and provide the necessary background and present status. Section 3 on technological applications summarizes the various applications of alkali metals in modern technologies. Section 4 gives a complete survey of the existing techniques of high-purity preparation and its analytical aspects. The structural, thermodynamic and transport properties and their methods of evaluation are critically assessed in sections 5 - 7. Solutions of non-metals in alkali metals are treated in section 8, and in section 9 the binary and ternary alloy systems and their properties are summarized.

Download or read book Some Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous Rare earth Chloride Solutions written by David Andrew Csejka and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Alkaline Earth Metal Halates written by H. Miyamoto and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solubilities of the chlorates, bromates and iodates of the alkaline earth metals (magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium) in all liquid solvents are presented in tabular format and critically evaluated. This is the first of four volumes in the Series covering the inorganic halates, and provides essential data on these important industrial reagents.

Download or read book Thermodynamics of Molten Salt Mixtures written by John Lumsden and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Alkali Metals written by Roland W. Ohse and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 987 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Thermodynamic Properties of Molten Alkali Carbonates written by Birger Kr Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties written by Donald D. Wagman and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties Tables for the alkaline earth elements elements 92 through 97 in the standard order of arrangement written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties 6 Tables for the Alkaline Earth Elements Elements 92 Through 97 in the Standard Order of Arrangement Wagman and W H Evans written by V. B. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties written by V.B. Parker and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Determination of Activities of Molten Salt Solutions by Mass Spectrometry written by Robert Carl Svedberg and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Estimates of Some Thermodynamic Properties of Salts of Alkali Metal Anions and A p23 s Na NMR Study of Exchange Rates in Metal Solutions written by Charles Wesley Andrews and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: