Download or read book Determinants of Commercial Orientation and Sustainability of Agricultural Production of the Individual Farms in Romania written by Borbála E. Bálint and published by Peter Lang Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subsistence farming, a widespread phenomenon in developing countries, emerged as well in Central and East European and former Soviet Union countries during their transformation process from a centrally planned to a market economy. Romania is one of the Eastern European countries with a large share of subsistence farmers where the commercialization of agriculture could be a means of reducing rural poverty and increasing the competitiveness of agriculture, although with possibly detrimental effects on the environment. The study examines which constraints should be addressed to promote commercial orientation and how commercial orientation and ecological sustainability are related. Based on an agricultural household survey in 2003 and with the help of econometric analysis, the research finds that, against the conventional wisdom, in the current Romanian context commercial orientation and ecological sustainability are positively related. Moreover, commercial orientation is negatively influenced by high transaction costs related to the lack of demand from processing factories and wholesalers as well as lack of cooperation.
Download or read book Determinants of Commercial Orientation and Sustainability of Agricultural Production of the Individual Farms in Romania written by Borbala E. Balint and published by Peter Lang Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 2006 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subsistence farming, a widespread phenomenon in developing countries, emerged as well in Central and East European and former Soviet Union countries during their transformation process from a centrally planned to a market economy. Romania is one of the Eastern European countries with a large share of subsistence farmers where the commercialization of agriculture could be a means of reducing rural poverty and increasing the competitiveness of agriculture, although with possibly detrimental effects on the environment. The study examines which constraints should be addressed to promote commercial orientation and how commercial orientation and ecological sustainability are related. Based on an agricultural household survey in 2003 and with the help of econometric analysis, the research finds that, against the conventional wisdom, in the current Romanian context commercial orientation and ecological sustainability are positively related. Moreover, commercial orientation is negatively influenced by high transaction costs related to the lack of demand from processing factories and wholesalers as well as lack of cooperation.
Download or read book Opening Up Knowledge Production Through Participatory Research written by Jakob Rupert Friederichsen and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral)--University of Hohenheim, 2008.
Download or read book Rural Development Through Carbon Finance written by Sebastian M. Scholz and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a timely contribution to the international discussion of the post-Kyoto climate regime this study hypothesizes that Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects in the land use and forestry sector are an efficient instrument for climate change mitigation that contributes to rural development and poverty alleviation at the same time. To this end, the study analyzes socio-economic aspects of a forestry project established under the CDM rules considering an East African case study exemplarily. An agricultural household survey in Tanzania delivered the empirical data for the structural equation model at the center of the analysis. Looking at different farm assets it is shown that the benefits of land use-related climate projects go way beyond pure mitigation. They also have a positive impact on a very broad asset base on which poor farm households depend. Hence, the current CDM only allowing for afforestation and reforestation projects is far too restricted to deliver on its twin objective.
Download or read book Credit Rationing and Institutional Constraint written by Xiangping Jia and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2008 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of credit has long occupied a central place in development strategies. Rural credit institutions are more than an instrument of intermediation, they also handle risk, mobilize and disseminate information about market and technology. Given the informational problems and innate disadvantages of rural credit markets, the rationale for laissez-faire and liberalization is by no means based on a sound understanding of the state's role in redressing market failures. This study examines the rural credit market in China, its impacts on agricultural transformation and the state's role in the functioning of markets. The particular objectives are to identify the determinants of credit rationing in both formal and informal sectors, to show the extent of credit rationing, to reveal the dynamic role of institutional lending in agricultural transformation, and to understand the challenges in developing efficient institutions.
Download or read book Agrekon written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Romanian Agriculture and Transition Toward the EU written by Kenneth J. Thomson and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the ten Central and Eastern European countries that have applied for membership in the European Union, Romania ranks among the largest and most impoverished. Romania represents the final challenge in the European Union's enlargement to the east, largely due to its major, but underdeveloped, agriculture and food sectors. The agriculture industry, which is a major component of the national economy, extends its pervasive influence to both Romanian social life and environment. Consequently, the transition towards a market oriented economic system will pose new obstacles for the country's farmers, processors, traders, and policymakers. While identifying the impediments that surround Romanian agriculture and its inevitable progression towards transition is a simple task, the challenges lie in recommending solutions. Through careful analysis of numerous recent studies on reform policies in the Romanian agri-food sector during its economic transition, this comprehensive examination offers perspicacious suggestions and insights on the following topics in particular: international trade, credit for agricultural development, price policies, and rural development. The conclusions reached are not only of domestic importance and application, they are also of immediate relevance for many post-socialist countries, for which the agri-food sector is a principal vehicle for rural development.
Download or read book Participatory Prioritization of Issues in Smallholder Agricultural Commercialization in Kenya written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coping with the Coffee Crisis written by Meike Wollni and published by Peter Lang Gmbh, Internationaler Verlag Der Wissenschaften. This book was released on 2007 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the turn of the millennium, world coffee prices dropped to their lowest levels in 30 years giving rise to the most severe crisis experienced by the coffee sector. The study evaluates the effects of the coffee crisis on the Costa Rican coffee sector and identifies the factors that influence farmers' production and marketing performance. A two-step selection model is applied to analyze farmers' participation in specialty markets and cooperatives and the effects on producer prices. Furthermore, a stochastic production frontier is estimated to explore technical efficiency levels of specialty and conventional coffee farmers. Based on the results of the study, policy recommendations are derived that should help farmers to improve their competitiveness and their ability to cope with the crisis. These include the provision of extension and information, the support of coffee cooperatives, and the diversification of the rural economy.
Download or read book Effects of Gender Inequality in Resource Ownership and Access on Household Welfare and Food Security in Kenya written by Pamela Marinda and published by Peter Lang Publishing. This book was released on 2006 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender equality and empowerment of women is one of the effective ways to combat poverty, hunger and disease, and to stimulate development that is sustainable. The government of Kenya has made efforts to promote women's active involvement in all areas of societal development, in addition to ensuring that development is based on the contributions and concerns of both men and women. Despite these efforts, there are still clear gender inequalities in areas where both men and women's roles are visible, for example in health, education, agriculture and in some remunerated work. The aim of this paper is to assess the social and economic costs of gender discrimination; these costs are incurred in suboptimal resource allocation, in lost agricultural productivity and in deficient nutrition of household members ... This study argues that: with the same access and control of productive resources by both male and female headed households in a given geographical area, the levels of agricultural productivity and nutrition outcomes in male headed households should not be significantly different from those of female headed households. Any difference would be attributed to differences in access to resource caused by gender discrimination. The study analyses the food and nutrition situation in female and male headed households in relation to access to human capital, financial capital and land. The results show that human and financial capitals are the main resources that caused variations in both agricultural productivity and nutritional status in the two categories of households. Despite male headed households having access to more land than the female headed households, there was no significant difference in average area of land cultivated in the two categories of households. Economic cost analysis of unequal access to resources by gender is done using an econometric model.
Download or read book Proceedings of the XV International symposium Symorg 2016 written by Ondrej Jaško and published by University of Belgrade, Faculty of Organizational Sciences . This book was released on 2016-06-03 with total page 1520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Farming Systems and Poverty written by John A. Dixon and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.
Download or read book Deutsche Nationalbibliografie written by Die deutsche Nationalbibliothek and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Accelerating technical change through video mediated agricultural extension Evidence from Ethiopia written by Abate, Gashaw T. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite a rapidly growing enthusiasm around applications of information and communications technologies (ICTs) to smallholder agriculture in developing countries, there are still many questions on the effectiveness of ICT-based approaches. This study assesses the effects of videomediated agricultural extension service provision on farmers’ knowledge and adoption of improved agricultural technologies and practices in Ethiopia. The study focuses on a program piloted by the Government of Ethiopia and Digital Green and poses three questions. First, to what extent does video-mediated extension lead to increased uptake of improved agricultural technologies and practices by smallholder farmers? Second, is video-mediated extension targeted at both spouses of the household more effective than when only targeted at the (typically male) household head? Third, how cost-effective is a video-mediated approach to extension provision? The study explores these questions with a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the video-mediated approach as applied to three priority crops (teff, wheat, maize) and three technologies (row planting, precise seeding rates, and urea dressing). The trial was implemented in 347 kebeles (village clusters) during the 2017 meher (rainy) season in Ethiopia’s four most agriculturally important regional states. Analysis of data from our surveys of 2,422 households and 896 extension agents indicates that the video-mediated approach is more effective than the conventional approach in achieving several key outcomes. Specifically, we find that videomediated extension reaches a wider audience than the conventional approach and leads to higher levels of agricultural knowledge and uptake of technologies in those kebeles randomly assigned to the program. While our results do point to greater participation and greater knowledge of female spouses in kebeles where both male and female spouses were targeted by the program, we do not find clear evidence that the more inclusive approach translated into higher uptake of the subject technologies and practices. Finally, we find that the video-mediated approach becomes less costly as the scale of operation increases.
Download or read book Progress towards sustainable agriculture Drivers of change written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-12-06 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Progress towards Sustainable Agriculture initiative (PROSA) is a framework that seeks to complement ongoing efforts on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and particularly indicator 2.4.1, to support country-level assessments using data already available at the national level. Making agriculture more sustainable – productive, environmentally friendly, resilient and profitable is fundamental, as agriculture remains the main source of livelihood for the majority of the world’s poor and hungry. The pathway towards sustainable agriculture must ensure increasing output, but also make more efficient use of increasingly scarce global resources, be resilient to and help mitigate climate change, and improve human well-being. This technical study examines the key factors driving changes in trends in the indicators of sustainable agriculture and provides decision-makers with insights into viable options for achieving this goal. The study identifies five key groups of drivers that most influence these indicators globally. The ways in which each driver affects the multiple dimensions of sustainability highlights the interconnections, synergies and trade-offs that must be managed in different global contexts to achieve agricultural sustainability. The analysis can help decision-makers operating in different country contexts to identify practical solutions to ensure that their interventions contribute positively to a more sustainable agriculture.
Download or read book Sociological Abstracts written by Leo P. Chall and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CSA Sociological Abstracts abstracts and indexes the international literature in sociology and related disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. The database provides abstracts of journal articles and citations to book reviews drawn from over 1,800+ serials publications, and also provides abstracts of books, book chapters, dissertations, and conference papers.
