Download or read book Detection and Decontamination of Bacillus Anthracis Spores in Soil written by Violet Imani and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development is striving to protect human health and the environment from adverse impacts resulting from acts of terror by investigating the effectiveness and applicability of technologies for homeland security (HS)-related applications. EPA has identified detection of pathogenic micro-organisms in environmental samples following a terrorist attack as a critical component of an effective response. Detection of such pathogens would require development and validation of sampling techniques that could be used by multiple laboratories following a homeland security event. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), has extensive knowledge of potential biological hazards. In this book, CDC, in collaboration with EPA, developed and improved methods for extraction of Bacillus anthracis (BA) spores from soil. This book also investigates the efficacy of four chemical decontaminants for inactivating Bacillus anthracis (causative agent for anthrax) spores in soil.
Download or read book Detection and Decontamination of Bacillus Anthracis Spores in Soil written by Violet Imani and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development is striving to protect human health and the environment from adverse impacts resulting from acts of terror by investigating the effectiveness and applicability of technologies for homeland security (HS)-related applications. EPA has identified detection of pathogenic microorganisms in environmental samples following a terrorist attack as a critical component of an effective response. Detection of such pathogens would require development and validation of sampling techniques that could be used by multiple laboratories following a homeland security event. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), has extensive knowledge of potential biological hazards. In this book, CDC, in collaboration with EPA, developed and improved methods for extraction of Bacillus anthracis (BA) spores from soil. This book also investigates the efficacy of four chemical decontaminants for inactivating Bacillus anthracis (causative agent for anthrax) spores in soil. (Imprint: Novinka)
Download or read book Anthrax detection agencies need to validate sampling activities in order to increase confidence in negative results written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September and October 2001, contaminated letters laced with Bacillus anthracis, or anthrax spores,1 were sent through the mail to two senators, Thomas Daschle and Patrick Leahy, and members of the media. The letters led to the first cases of anthrax disease related to bioterrorism in the United States. The postal facilities in New Jersey and Washington, D.C., that processed the senators letters became heavily contaminated Other mail routed through these facilities, as well as additional ones in the postal network, also became contaminated. Numerous federal facilities in the Washington, D.C., area the U.S. Supreme Court, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), and main State Department buildings were also later found to be contaminated.
Download or read book Decontamination of soil contaminated with Bacillus anthracis spores written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of a Novel Decontamination and DNA Recovery and Detection Method for Bacillus Anthracis written by Kristy Ann Bachus and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reopening Public Facilities After a Biological Attack written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-08-18 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax attacks in fall 2001 spurred an extensive and costly decontamination effort where many decisions had to be made about which sites required cleanup, what method to use, how to determine the effectiveness of the cleanup, and how "clean" the building had to be for reoccupation. As part of a project funded by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and managed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the National Research Council was asked to consider the criteria that must be met for a cleanup to be declared successful, allowing the reoccupation of a facility. The report finds that efficiently sampling and characterizing a pathogen is critical for choosing the best remediation strategy. However, there should be no universal standard for deciding when a building is safe to re-enter because varying pathogen amounts and characteristics could require different strategies. The report offers a flowchart for decision-makers that includes questions about the characteristics of the pathogen; how far it has spread; whether it is transmissible between humans; and how long it will survive to pose a threat. The report also recommends that a risk-assessment approach be adopted as part of a strategy for achieving a "socially acceptable" standard for cleanup.
Download or read book Biological Sample Preparation Collaboration Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Responding to Detection of Aerosolized Bacillus Anthracis by Autonomous Detection Systems in the Workplace written by Patrick J. Meehan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Autonomous detection systems (ADSs) are under development to detect agents of biologic and chemical terror in the environment. These systems will eventually be able to detect biologic and chemical hazards reliably and provide approximate real-time alerts that an agent is present. One type of ADS that tests specifically for Bacillus anthracis is being deployed in hundreds of postal distribution centers across the United States. Identification of aerosolized B. anthracis spores in an air sample can facilitate prompt on-site decontamination of workers and subsequent administration of postexposure prophylaxis to prevent inhalational anthrax. Every employer who deploys an ADS should develop detailed plans for responding to a positive signal. Responding to ADS detection of B. anthracis involves coordinating responses with community partners and should include drills and exercises with these partners. This report provides guidelines in the following six areas: 1) response and consequence management planning, including the minimum components of a facility response plan; 2) immediate response and evacuation; 3) decontamination of potentially exposed workers to remove spores from clothing and skin and prevent introduction of B. anthracis into the worker's home and conveyances; 4) laboratory confirmation of an ADS signal; 5) steps for evaluating potentially contaminated environments; and 6) postexposure prophylaxis and follow-up."--Page 1.
Download or read book Verification of Commercial Decontamination Technologies in Bench Scale Studies Using Bacillus Anthracis Spores written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Briefing reported on the testing of biological efficacy of three anthrax decontamination fumigation techniques on various materials, both porous and nonporous. Fumigants examined were hydrogen peroxide gas, formaldehyde gas, and chlorine dioxide.
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Bacillus Anthracis Spore associated Proteins written by Krista A. Spreng and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacillus anthracis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium and the etiological agent of anthrax. Spore formation is essential for persistence in soil and for subsequent infection of animals. The sporulation process has been studied extensively in Bacillus subtilis, but little is known about sporulation in B. anthracis. Additionally, B. anthracis spores contain an outer balloon-like layer (the exosporium) which is not found on spores of B. subtilis. Consequently, very little is understood about the biosynthesis as well as function of the exosporium. BclA is a major spore surface glycoprotein which comprises the hair-like nap layer on the exosporium. We are examining BclA assembly into the exosporium and if other spore proteins serve as binding partners to BclA. We have identified several proteins that affect BclA incorporation. One of these proteins was found to interact with an additional collagen-like protein, BclB. Another was found to affect levels of both BclA and BxpB. As such, BxpB was also studied in regards to its complex formation. This is the first evidence of a protein whose incorporation occurs after BclA. Host-cell spore interactions may not be solely based on interactions with BclA, but may involve additional spore-associated proteins missing in a BclA mutant. This spore-associated protein was found to be surface exposed on the exosporium. We are currently investigating how this structural defect affects spore biology and virulence.
Download or read book Anthrax in Humans and Animals written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition of the anthrax guidelines encompasses a systematic review of the extensive new scientific literature and relevant publications up to end 2007 including all the new information that emerged in the 3-4 years after the anthrax letter events. This updated edition provides information on the disease and its importance, its etiology and ecology, and offers guidance on the detection, diagnostic, epidemiology, disinfection and decontamination, treatment and prophylaxis procedures, as well as control and surveillance processes for anthrax in humans and animals. With two rounds of a rigorous peer-review process, it is a relevant source of information for the management of anthrax in humans and animals.
Download or read book Chemical and Biological Terrorism written by Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-26 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The threat of domestic terrorism today looms larger than ever. Bombings at the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City's Federal Building, as well as nerve gas attacks in Japan, have made it tragically obvious that American civilians must be ready for terrorist attacks. What do we need to know to help emergency and medical personnel prepare for these attacks? Chemical and Biological Terrorism identifies the R&D efforts needed to implement recommendations in key areas: pre-incident intelligence, detection and identification of chemical and biological agents, protective clothing and equipment, early recognition that a population has been covertly exposed to a pathogen, mass casualty decontamination and triage, use of vaccines and pharmaceuticals, and the psychological effects of terror. Specific objectives for computer software development are also identified. The book addresses the differences between a biological and chemical attack, the distinct challenges to the military and civilian medical communities, and other broader issues. This book will be of critical interest to anyone involved in civilian preparedness for terrorist attack: planners, administrators, responders, medical professionals, public health and emergency personnel, and technology designers and engineers.
Download or read book Bacteriological Analytical Manual written by United States. Food and Drug Administration. Division of Microbiology and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Bacterial Spore written by Adam Driks and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-24 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of bacterial spores spans biosecurity to ecology The first articles describing the sporulation process were published by Robert Koch and Ferdinand Cohn in the late 19th century. Although most of the work accomplished in the past 50 years has focused on the model organism Bacillus subtilis, more recent work significantly expanded the scope of sporulation research to integrate medically relevant spore pathogens, such as B. anthracis and Clostridium difficile, as well as investigations of the ecology of spore-forming species. This new direction is supported by an explosion of novel techniques that can also be applied to nonmodel organisms, such as next-generation sequencing, metagenomics, and transcriptomics. The Bacterial Spore provides a comprehensive series of reviews of the major topics in spore biology that represent intensive, cutting-edge spore research. Editors Adam Driks and Patrick Eichenberger assembled chapters written by a team of diverse and multidisciplinary experts in biodefense and microbial forensics to produce an overview of topics of spore research, such as spore molecular biology, bioremediation, systems biology, issues in biodefense, and the challenge of food safety that is accessible to any reader, regardless of expertise. The Bacterial Spore also encompasses the diversity of spore research, which will appeal to those seeking to broaden their knowledge. The Bacterial Spore is a reference for a wide range of readers, including geneticists, cell biologists, physiologists, structural and evolutionary biologists, applied scientists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and nonresearchers, such as national security professionals.
Download or read book Soil pollution a hidden reality written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-04-30 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents key messages and the state-of-the-art of soil pollution, its implications on food safety and human health. It aims to set the basis for further discussion during the forthcoming Global Symposium on Soil Pollution (GSOP18), to be held at FAO HQ from May 2nd to 4th 2018. The publication has been reviewed by the Intergovernmental Technical Panel on Soil (ITPS) and contributing authors. It addresses scientific evidences on soil pollution and highlights the need to assess the extent of soil pollution globally in order to achieve food safety and sustainable development. This is linked to FAO’s strategic objectives, especially SO1, SO2, SO4 and SO5 because of the crucial role of soils to ensure effective nutrient cycling to produce nutritious and safe food, reduce atmospheric CO2 and N2O concentrations and thus mitigate climate change, develop sustainable soil management practices that enhance agricultural resilience to extreme climate events by reducing soil degradation processes. This document will be a reference material for those interested in learning more about sources and effects of soil pollution.
Download or read book Public Health Response to Biological and Chemical Weapons written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004-01-21 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of this publication which focuses on the public health aspects of the possible deliberate use of biological or chemical agents. Issues discussed include: the key principles for public health planning, risk assessment, hazard identification and evaluation, risk management strategies, and response planning as part of existing national emergency plans, disease surveillance and early warning systems, the national and international legal framework, and international sources of assistance. Technical annexes cover a range of issues including chemical agents, toxins, biological agents, principles of protection, precautions against the sabotage of drinking water, food and other products, information resources and the affiliation of WHO Member States to the international treaties on biological and chemical weapons.
Download or read book USAMRIID s Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook written by U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases and published by Imp. This book was released on 2001 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose for this handbook is to serve as a concise pocket-sized manual that will guide medical personnel in the prophylaxis and management of biological casulties. It is designed as a quick reference and overview, and is not intended as a definitive text on the medical management of biological casualties.
