Download or read book Detecting and Correcting Speech Rhythm Errors written by Metin Yurtbasi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every language has its own rhythm. Unlike many other languages in the world, English depends on the correct pronunciation of stressed and unstressed or weakened syllables recurring in the same phrase or sentence. Mastering the rhythm of English makes speaking more effective. Experiments have shown that we tend to hear speech as more rhythmical than it actually is. English is a stress-timed language, and one general rule of rhythm is that an equal amount of time is taken from one stressed syllable to the next. Bolinger suggests that the most important factor for English rhythm is neither the number of syllables nor the number of stresses but the pattern made in any section of continuous speech by the mixture of syllables containing full vowels with syllables containing reduced vowels. Despite the obvious relevance of rhythm and tempo to verbal interaction, the linguistic textbooks have had nothing to say about them. In any sentence, some words carry a stress. These are the "strong" or "lexical" words (usually nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs). The remaining words are "grammatical" words and are unstressed or "weak". Rhythm is the beat of one's speech, like a drumbeat, composed of such suprasegmental elements as pitch, stress and tempo. Thinking in musical terms, we can hear the musical beat of such musical forms as march, waltz and syncopated jazz. Intonation and rhythm patterns go a long way in carrying the meaning across in English. One can be speaking with perfect pronunciation, but put the stress on the wrong syllable and the whole statement may go without being understood. It is likewise with how and where the pitch and inflections rise and fall, and the tempo-rhythms of one's speech. Spoken English words with two or more syllables have different stress and length patterns. Some syllables are stressed more than others and some syllables are pronounced longer than others. It is important for non-native speakers to understand and master the rhythm of English. If the wrong words are stressed in a sentence or if all words are pronounced with the same length or loudness, the speech will be difficult to understand. Proficient pronunciation is essential to language learning because below a certain level of rhythm consciousness, even if grammar and vocabulary have been mastered, communication simply cannot take place. Language learners make pronunciation errors of two types: those involving the articulation of phones (phonemes) and those involving the use of prosody. Prosody is represented by three distinct components in the acoustic signal: (a) fundamental frequency (pitch), (b) duration (speaking rate and timing), (c) intensity (amplitude or loudness). Early prosody instruction, starting the first year of language study, could be a boon to learning both syntax and phone articulation. When listening to a foreign speaker, it is not uncommon to hear a sentence with correct phones and syntax that is hard to understand because of prosody errors. Learners of English as a foreign language must be introduced as early as possible to the rhythm of the new language they encounter, They must be taught recognition before production. Their teachers must integrate rhythm and other aspects of phonology into grammar, vocabulary and functional language lessons as well as listening and speaking activities. Teachers must do relevant drills (especially backchaining), physical movement (finger-clicking, clapping, tapping, jumping) in time to the rhythm of the sentence. They must focus on stress in short dialogues (kn you? Yes I can); invent short dialogues, paying attention to stress and rhythm by focusing on short utterances with distinctive stress and intonation patterns and a specific rhythm (long numbers, phone numbers, football results etc.). They must recite jazz chants, poems, rhymes and tongue-twisters (limericks are good at higher levels); sing along with them popular songs and jazz chants. Because phonology is a system, learners cannot achieve a natural rhythm in speech without understanding the stress-timed nature of the language and the interrelated components of stress, connected speech and intonation. Rhythm should be included into a syllabus for teaching English pronunciation is (at least) two-fold. Activities related to the correction of these errors are designed to meet students' different learning styles, namely auditory, visual, tactile, and kinesthetic learning. In this way, the goal of the "learner-centered" classroom is hoped to be pragmatically achieved.
Download or read book Intelligibility Oral Communication and the Teaching of Pronunciation written by John M. Levis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-04 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intelligibility-based approach to teaching that presents pronunciation as critical, yet neglected, in communicative language teaching.
Download or read book Researches on the Rhythm of Speech written by J. E. Wallace Wallin and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Geometry of Musical Rhythm written by Godfried T. Toussaint and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-25 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The original edition of The Geometry of Musical Rhythm was the first book to provide a systematic and accessible computational geometric analysis of the musical rhythms of the world. It explained how the study of the mathematical properties of musical rhythm generates common mathematical problems that arise in a variety of seemingly disparate fields. The book also introduced the distance approach to phylogenetic analysis and illustrated its application to the study of musical rhythm. The new edition retains all of this, while also adding 100 pages, 93 figures, 225 new references, and six new chapters covering topics such as meter and metric complexity, rhythmic grouping, expressive timbre and timing in rhythmic performance, and evolution phylogenetic analysis of ancient Greek paeonic rhythms. In addition, further context is provided to give the reader a fuller and richer insight into the historical connections between music and mathematics.
Download or read book The International Handbook of Psychology written by Kurt Pawlik and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2000-07-21 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Handbook of Psychology is an authoritative resource covering all the main areas of psychological science and written by an outstanding set of authors from around the world. The 31 chapters cover not only scientific but also applied cross-disciplinary aspects. Supervised by an International Editorial Advisory Board (IEAB) of 13 eminent psychologists and edited by Professors Kurt Pawlik and Mark R Rosenzweig, it is being published under the auspices of the International Union of Psychological Science (IUPsyS) by SAGE Publications Ltd in London. The International Handbook of Psychology will be invaluable to advanced undergraduates, graduate students and academics in psychology, and will also be of interest to students of education, sociology, political science, humanities, philosophy, informatics, cognitive sciences, neuroscience, legal sciences and criminology, and will serve as a general resource reference text, written at a level comparable to Scientific American. `This impressive volume covers a tremendous amount of work. It is well organized: authors have generally kept to a standard brief. It is also truly international both in authorship and the origin of the work referenced. This will provide a very useful reference book for undergraduate and post-graduate students′ - British Journal of Educational Psychology
Download or read book English Speech Rhythm written by Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1993 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents findings on rhythms in English speech, covering such topics as the isochrony debate, identifying isochrony, models of linguistic rhythm, speech rhythm at turn transitions, speech rhythm at sequence-external junctures and speech rhythm at sequence-internal junctures.
Download or read book Detection of Response Bias in Forensic Neuropsychology written by Jim Hom and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-08-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improve your confidence in the validity of your test results! Detection of Response Bias in Forensic Neuropsychology examines strategies and procedures for determining the validity of results and the patient's motivation during neuropsychological testing. The book discusses procedures to help a clinician assess factors that can affect test accuracy. Developers and researchers present unique insights into each strategy's utility in clinical practice and each procedure's performance in light of factors defined by the United States Supreme Court. Detection of Response Bias in Forensic Neuropsychology examines the increasing need for practicing clinical neuropsychologists to identify response bias in their evaluations of a patient's neuropsychological impairment. The book presents major response bias detection strategies, addressing in each: whether the theory or technique has been tested; if it has been subjected to peer review and publication; the known or potential rate of error in applying the method; and to what extent the method has been accepted by the relevant scientific community. Each strategy represents a logical, scientific approach in forensic settings that can be applied in neuropsychological assessments. Detection of Response Bias in Forensic Neuropsychology includes comprehensive reviews of current procedures in wide usage to evaluate the validity of test results. Procedures covered include: Portland Digit Recognition Test Computerized Assessment of Response Bias (CARB) Warrington Recognition Memory Test Halstead-Reitan Battery Rey's strategies for detecting malingering validity scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) Victoria Symptom Validity Test (VSVT) Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) Word Memory Test (WMT) Category Test validity indicators much more! Detection of Response Bias in Forensic Neuropsychology is an essential resource for forensic professionals in determining patient compliance and motivation during testing.
Download or read book Speaking and Unspeaking written by Sibout Govert Nooteboom and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Prosody Models and Measurements written by A. Cutler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prosody: Models and Measurements is the fruit of a three-day workshop held in Paris in April, 1982. The workshop was one of a series which is sponsored by the Maison des Sciences de I'Homme under the auspices of the European Psycho linguistics Association, and which aims to bring together workers in a particular field from different European laboratories and to encourage future collaboration across regional, national and disciplinary boundaries. Thus the topic of the workshop - "Prosody" - was fairly liberally interpreted in the invitations, and the participants were drawn from a variety of background- linguistics, phonetics, psychology. Despite this diversity, however, there was a surprising degree of congruence in the topics discussed and points of view adopted. We have attempted in the introduction to the present volume to as well as to account for the draw out the similarities between approaches, differences and to set the individual contributions against the background of current research in the field. The book is not merely a transcript of what was said during the sessions. All of the papers have been rewritten by the participants - in some cases extensively - to reflect the comments that were made in discussion and the points of contact and disagreement that became evident during the three days.
Download or read book Pronunciation Resource Books for Teachers written by Clement Laroy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-27 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a rich resource of imaginative ideas and techniques for teaching pronunciation.
Download or read book Intonation Accent and Rhythm written by Dafydd Gibbon and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Speech Rhythm in Varieties of English written by Robert Fuchs and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the question whether Educated Indian English is more syllable-timed than British English from two standpoints: production and perception. Many post-colonial varieties of English, which are mostly spoken as a second language in countries such as India, Nigeria and the Philippines, are thought to have a syllable-timed rhythm, whereas first language varieties such as British English are characterized as being stress-timed. While previous studies mostly relied on a single acoustic correlate of speech rhythm, usually duration, the author proposes a multidimensional approach to the production of speech rhythm that takes into account various acoustic correlates. The results reveal that the two varieties differ with regard to a number of dimensions, such as duration, sonority, intensity, loudness, pitch and glottal stop insertion. The second part of the study addresses the question whether the difference in speech rhythm between Indian and British English is perceptually relevant, based on intelligibility and dialect discrimination experiments. The results reveal that speakers generally find the rhythm of their own variety more intelligible and that listeners can identify which variety a speaker is using on the basis of differences in speech rhythm.
Download or read book Rhythm in Speech and Language written by Klaus J. Kohler and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What are the differences of rhythm in the production and perception of speech in speaking styles and languages? What are the physical manifestations and functions of rhythm in speech interaction? In this volume, seven papers by speech scientists from research fields and institutions across the world of phonetic science provide answers to these questions. The contributions give a survey of past experimental investigations, present data of recent analyses, and propose new directions for the future of rhythm research. The main focus lies on the entrainment of movement, the listener's active role in speech perception, as well as the guiding function in speaker-listener interchange. The new data of rhythm research include analyses of production patterns in Bulgarian, English, Estonian, German, Greek and Spanish, as well as corresponding perceptual experiments and links to physiological brain rhythms. The rhythmical structuring of speech in the languages of the world is significant for phoneticians, general linguists, philologists, psychologists, speech therapists and speech technologists.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Corrective Feedback in Second Language Learning and Teaching written by Hossein Nassaji and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 979 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together state-of-the-art chapters written by leading scholars, this volume provides a comprehensive reference on theory and research of corrective feedback. It will be a key resource for researchers, graduate students, teachers and teacher educators who are interested in the role of feedback in second language teaching and learning.
Download or read book Speech and Language written by Norman J. Lass and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speech and Language: Advances in Basic Research and Practice, Volume 8 provides articles that discuss a broad range of topics on speech and language processes and pathologies. This volume contains nine contributions covering a wide array of topics on speech and language. Certain chapters review the literature on speech-sound development in normally developing and deviant children; the scope of the problem of stuttering and the three prominent theoretical positions on anxiety in stuttering; and critical issues in the linguistic study of aphasia. Discussions on such topics as speech production characteristics of the hearing impaired; ontogenetic changes in children's speech-sound perception; and the impact of linguistic theory on the description and treatment of articulation disorders are also presented. Linguists, speech pathologists, and researchers on language development will find the book very insightful and informative.
Download or read book Progress in Pattern Recognition Speech and Image Analysis written by Alberto Sanfeliu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-11-18 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th Iberoamerican Congress on Pattern Recognition, CIARP 2003, held in Havana, Cuba, in November 2003. The 82 revised full papers presented together with two invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 140 submissions. All current issues in pattern recognition, image processing, and computer vision are addressed as well as applications in domains like robotics, health, entertainment, space exploration, telecommunications, speech processing, data analysis, document recognition, etc.
Download or read book Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation written by Cecil R. Reynolds and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-21 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increased public awareness of traumatic brain injuries has fueled a number of significant developments: on the one hand, more funding and more research related to these injuries and their resulting deficits; on the other, the possibility of higher stakes in personal injury suits—and more reasons for individuals to feign injury. Expanding both the conceptual and clinical knowledge base on the subject, the Second Edition of Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation offers the latest detection tools and techniques for veteran and novice alike. As in its initial incarnation, this practical revision demonstrates how to combine clinical expertise, carefully-gathered data, and the use of actuarial models as well as common sense in making sound evaluations and reducing ambiguous results. And, the book navigates the reader through the many caveats that come with the job, beginning with the scenario that an individual may be malingering despite having an actual brain injury. Among the updated features: •Specific chapters on malingering on the Halstead-Reitan, Luria-Nebraska, and MMPI-2. •A framework for distinguishing genuine from factitious PTSD in head injury cases. •Detailed information regarding performance on the WMT, MSVT, and NV-MSVT by children with developmental disabilities. •Guidelines for explaining symptom validity testing to the trier of fact. •Entirely new chapters on mild TBI and on malingering of PTSD symptoms in the context of TBI litigation. Professional neuropsychologists and forensic psychologists will appreciate this new edition of Detection of Malingering during Head Injury Litigation as an invaluable source of refinements to their craft, and improvement as an expert witness.
