Download or read book Designing Natural Gas Distribution Concessions in a Megacity written by Juan Rosellón and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private participation in the development of natural gas distribution networks is often introduced through the award of exclusive concessions for defined geographic zones. Designing such franchises in a megacity poses a challenge in striking a balance between economies of scale (few distributors) and information disclosure for regulation (more distributors). Approaches to making these and related tradeoffs are analyzed through a case study of Mexico City.
Download or read book Designing Natural Gas Distribution Concessions in a Megacity written by Jonathan Halpern and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Designing Natural Gas Distribution Concessions in a Megacity written by Juan Rosellón and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Provision of Trade Services Trade and Fragmentation written by Alan V. Deardorff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author examines the special role that trade liberalization in services industries can play in stimulating trade in both services, and goods. International trade in goods requires inputs from such trade services as transportation, insurance, and finance, for example. Restrictions on services across borders, and within foreign countries add costs, and barriers to international trade. Liberalizing trade in services could also facilitate trade in goods, providing more benefits than one might expect from analysis merely of the services trade. To emphasize the point, the author notes that the benefits for trade are arguably enhanced by the phenomenon of fragmentation. The more that production processes become split across locations, with the fragments tied together, and coordinated by various trade services, the greater the gains from reductions in the costs of services. The incentives for such fragmentation can be greater across countries, than within countries, because of the greater differences in factor prices, and technologies. But the service costs of international fragmentation can also be larger, especially if regulations, and restrictions impede the international provision of services. As a result, trade liberalization in services can stimulate the fragmentation of production of both goods, and services, thus increasing international trade, and the gains from trade even further. Since fragmentation seems to characterize an increasing portion of world specialization, the importance of service liberalization is growing apace.
Download or read book Recapitalizing Banking Systems written by Patrick Honohan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a banking crisis, when authorities have decided to use budgetary funds to help restructure a large failed bank or banking system, apparent conflicts between various goals (involving incentives for the new bank management, for the government's budget, and for monetary stability) can be resolved by suitably designing financial instruments and appropriately allocating responsibility between different arms of government.
Download or read book Administrative Costs and the Organization of Individual Retirement Account Systems written by Estelle James and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organizing individual retirement accounts through the institutional market and with constrained choice could substantially lower administrative costs. The tradeoff: rebidding problems, weaker performance incentives, inflexibility in the face of unforeseen contingencies, and an increased probability of corruption, collusion, and regulatory capture.
Download or read book The Design of Incentives for Health Care Providers in Developing Countries written by Jeffrey S. Hammer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whatever the theoretical attractiveness of certain policy options, the fact that public employees are people who make independent decisions about their careers and lifestyles can set bounds on how well government agencies can deliver promised services, such as universal health care, including in rural areas. Hammer and Jack examine the design and limitations of incentives for health care providers to serve in rural areas in developing countries. Governments face two problems: it is costly to compensate well-trained urban physicians enough to relocate to rural areas, and it is difficult to ensure quality care when monitoring performance is costly or impossible.
Download or read book The World Bank Research Program 2001 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a compilation of reports on research projects initiated, under way, or completed in fiscal year 2001 (July 1, 2000 through June 30, 2001). The abstracts cover 150 research projects from the World Bank and grouped under 11 major headings including poverty and social development, health and population, education, labor and employment, environment, infrastructure and urban development, and agriculture and rural development. The abstracts detail the questions addressed, the analytical methods used, the findings to date and their policy implications. Each abstract identifies the expected completion date of each project, the research team, and reports or publications produced.
Download or read book Inventories in Developing Countries written by J. Luis Guasch and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High inventory levels in developing countries increase the cost of doing business and limit productivity and competitiveness. Improvements in infrastructure (roads, ports, and telecommunications) and in market development can help to significantly reduce inventory levels (and thus the cost of doing business), especially when accompanied by effective regulation and the development and deregulation of associated markets.
Download or read book Infrastructure Coverage and the Poor written by Kristin Komives and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The poor in most parts of the world may have electricity (especially in urban areas), but they rarely have water, sewer, and telephone services. When they gain access to local services, however, many do decide to connect.
Download or read book Financing the Future written by Marianne Fay and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A model developed to predict demand for infrastructure in Latin America performs reasonably well for power and telecommunications, and less well for water and sanitation (for which data are scarce) and transport infrastructure (which is less closely related to per capita income). The model projects a doubling of telephone mainlines per capita, a steady increase in power infrastructure, steady growth in road infrastructure, and small increases in water and sanitation coverage. To assess five-year demand for infrastructure investment in Latin America and the Caribbean, and the private sector's role in meeting this demand, Fay developed a model to predict future demand for infrastructure, defined as what consumers and producers would ask for, given their income and level of economic activity.
Download or read book OECD Reviews of Regulatory Reform Mexico 2004 Progress in Implementing Regulatory Reform written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2004-11-04 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive review of Mexican regulatory policy outlines progress made by Mexico since the 1999 review conducted by the OECD, and makes recommendations for further reforms aimed at promoting investment and boosting productivity and ...
Download or read book The Uniqueness of Short term Collateralization written by Leora Klapper and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A secured letter-of-credit loan allows a lender to make larger loans than would be permissible on an unsecured basis, maximizing a risky borrower's investment capital. Empirical evidence shows that secured letters of credit are used by borrowers who are informationally opaque and have higher observable risk. Such borrowers also have fewer growth opportunities and are less likely to pay dividends.
Download or read book Measuring Equity in Health Care Financing written by Adam Wagstaff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Health Organization's latest World health report proposes an index of fairness in health care financing. The index's chief weakness is that it cannot discriminate among progressive, regressive, and horizontally inequitable health financing systems. An alternative approach proposed in the early 1990s is shown to do a better job.
Download or read book Gender Dimensions of Pension Reform in the Former Soviet Union written by Paulette Castel and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors analyze the gender implications of pension reform in Kazakhstan, the Kygyz Republic, Latvia, and Moldova. The new systems deliberately penalize early retirement and reward longer careers, so that with no change in behavior or policy, women's pensions will be lower than men's on average. Still, the implicit financial returns for women remain higher on average than returns for men, because of women's longer life expectancy and because of redistributory minimum pensions. Overall, however, the net change in wealth resulting from the reforms will be larger on average for men than for women, because they will work longer and get a larger pension. Women's longer life expectancy means that women can expect to spend the last years of their lives alone. If their pensions are too low because of their work histories, poverty among elderly women may increase.
Download or read book Household Schooling Decisions in Rural Pakistan written by Michael Lokshin and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: February 2001 An analysis of a field survey to investigate household decisions about schooling in rural Pakistan suggests that hiring more female teachers and providing more primary schools for girls closer to villages will improve the chances of rural Pakistani girls entering school and staying enrolled. Human capital investments in Pakistan are performing poorly: school enrollment is low, the high school dropout rate is high, and there is a definite gender gap in education. Sawada and Lokshin conducted field surveys in 25 Pakistani villages and integrated their field observations, economic theory, and econometric analysis to investigate the sequential nature of education decisions--because current outcomes depend not only on current decisions but also on past decisions. Their full-information maximum likelihood estimate of the sequential schooling decision model reveals important dynamics affecting the gender gap in education, the effects of transitory income and wealth, and intrahousehold resource allocation patterns. They find, among other things, that in rural Pakistan: * There is a high educational retention rate, conditional on school entry, and that male and female schooling progression rates become comparable at higher levels of education. * A household's human and physical assets and changes in its income significantly affect children's education patterns. Birth order affects siblings' competition for resources. * Serious supply-side constraints on village girls' primary education suggest the importance of supply-side policy interventions in Pakistan's rural primary education--for example, providing more girls' primary schools close to villages and employing more female teachers. This paper--a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to study the role of gender in the context of the household, institutions, and society. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Download or read book The Value of Relationship Banking During Financial Crises written by Giovanni Ferri and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relationship banking, with surviving banks, has a positive value during a systemic financial crisis. For many viable small and medium-size businesses in the Republic of Korea, relationship banking reduced liquidity constraints and thus diminished the probability of unwarranted bankruptcy during the country's financial crisis of 1997-98.
