Download or read book Designing Enhanced Geothermal and Hydraulic Fracturing Systems Based on Multiple Stages and Proppant written by Sogo Shiozawa and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report consists of two chapters. In the first chapter, designs of Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) with horizontal wells, multiple stages, and proppant are discussed. In EGS, hydraulic stimulation is used to improve well productivity. EGS is typically performed in a nearly vertical well, in one stage, with no proppant. Horizontal wells, multiple stages, and proppant are not used because they are considered not necessary and/or technically infeasible. We found that an EGS design with multiple stages and proppant could give dramatically improved economic performance relative to current designs. We reviewed the literature in order to assess the technical viability of our proposed design. The proposed design would increase cost but deliver substantial improvements in flow rate (and revenue) per well. The second chapter describes a simulation study of proppant transport with Newtonian fluid in a fully three-dimensional hydraulic fracturing simulator, CFRAC. This model has capability to handle proppant settling due to gravity, proppant migration away from the fracture walls, and fracture closure. In the model, the conservation equations of fluid and proppant are sequentially solved in a first-order finite difference scheme. A special algorithm is applied to handle proppant packing due to fracture closure. Our simulation results show good agreement with results from other recently published proppant modeling studies. Sensitivity analysis was performed in order to investigate the effect fluid viscosity, proppant density, and proppant size. Finally, simulations of the tip-screen out (TSO) were performed.

Download or read book Enhanced Geothermal Systems EGS written by Dornadula Chandrasekharam and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-10-02 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peter Meisen, Past President, Global Energy Network Institute, asked in 1997, “What if there was an existing, viable technology, that when developed to its highest potential could increase everyone’s standard of living, cut fossil fuel demand and the resultant pollution?” After 23 years of sustained effort by the global scientific community, this is becoming a reality. The technology to extract heat from granite has been revolutionized in the last few years. The classical method of creating fracture networks by hydrofracturing is being replaced by a closed-loop method where fluids are not in contact with the hot granite. Supercritical CO2 is replacing water as a circulating fluid. Certainly, the future energy road is going to be led by highly radiogenic granites. While hydrothermal sources are site-specific and have their limitations, EGS can be initiated anywhere on earth. EGS is removing all such obstacles and, in the future, will provide uninterrupted electricity for all. Energy-deficient countries can have surplus electricity; water-stressed countries can have a perennial freshwater supply; and countries can become food-secure and rise above poverty levels. Countries need not depend on energy imports and can independently evolve into carbon neutral or low carbon societies. The contributions made by experts will help researchers and investors to close the energy demand and supply gap in the very near future by tapping the unlimited energy of the Earth. Opportunities available for investors in Turkey are well documented with field, geophysical, and geochemical data and information on the energy generating capacity of the granite intrusive spread over a cumulative area of 6,910 km2 in western Anatolia. With the signing of the Global Geothermal Alliance (GGA) by several countries during the December 2015 CoP 21 (Conference of Parties) summit in Paris, countries are obliged to reduce CO2 emissions by increasing the footprint of renewable energy in the primary source mix. Information provided in this book will lead the way to establishing a clean energy future for millions of people for sustainable development and help to mitigate crises arising due to food, water, and energy shortage issues. Academic and research institutes will benefit to a large extent from the expertise of the top contributors in this book. This information provided in this book will help to lay the foundation for super-hot EGS research in future.

Download or read book Development of a Fully Integrated Equation of State Compositional Hydraulic Fracturing and Reservoir Simulator written by Shuang Zheng and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical modeling plays a key role in assessing, developing, and managing energy resources (such as oil, gas and heat) from subsurface formations. Fluids are injected into wellbores during hydraulic fracturing, water flooding, parent well pre-loading, and improved oil recovery. Oil, gas and water are produced back to the surface during flowback, primary/secondary/tertiary production, and geothermal operations. Results from modeling these subsurface energy resources assist engineers and geologists in the decision-making process. Geomechanics, fluid/solid flow, and heat transport are coupled in the reservoir, fracture, and wellbore domains. The purpose of this dissertation is to develop integrated hydraulic fracturing and reservoir simulator that can accurately model multi-component, multi-phase fluid flow, geomechanics, fracture propagation and thermal processes in the reservoir, fracture and wellbore domains. In this dissertation, fully coupled reservoir, fracture, and wellbore domains are modeled. Geomechanics, fluid flow, and heat transport are modeled in an integrated manner in each domain and between each domain. Thermo-poro-elasticity, fracture opening/closing, and fracture propagation are modeled based on the stresses and strains computed in the domain. Four flow types including single-phase flow, multi-phase black-oil flow, multi-phase compositional flow, and water-steam two-phase flow are developed for different applications. Temperature and enthalpy formulations are developed to model the energy balance within the fully coupled system. A novel proppant transport model formulation which couples fracture opening/closing has also been developed. The governing equations are discretized in space using the finite volume/area methods. Multiple fully implicit Newton solvers have been developed to solve different sets of nonlinear systems of equations. A fully distributed memory parallelization workflow is constructed. The simulator is also coupled with simpler (analytical and DDM) fracturing models to achieve shorter run times. The modeling capability of the simulator has been demonstrated in the dissertation through many example applications. Typical applications of the simulator include multi-stage, multi-cluster, hydraulic fracture propagation, proppant settling and fracture closure analysis, mini-frac analysis, parent-child well interference, fracture monitoring, reservoir cooling and induced fracture propagation from water injectors, production analysis, gas huff-n-puff injection, improved oil recovery, geothermal reservoir production, and enhanced geothermal system analysis. These applications demonstrate the wide variety of problems that our simulator can be used to model

Download or read book Contemporary Developments in Hydraulic Fracturing written by Kenneth Imo-Imo Israel Eshiet and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-07-31 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Thermoelastic Hydraulic Fracture Design Tool for Geothermal Reservoir Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geothermal energy is recovered by circulating water through heat exchange areas within a hot rock mass. Geothermal reservoir rock masses generally consist of igneous and metamorphic rocks that have low matrix permeability. Therefore, cracks and fractures play a significant role in extraction of geothermal energy by providing the major pathways for fluid flow and heat exchange. Thus, knowledge of conditions leading to formation of fractures and fracture networks is of paramount importance. Furthermore, in the absence of natural fractures or adequate connectivity, artificial fracture are created in the reservoir using hydraulic fracturing. At times, the practice aims to create a number of parallel fractures connecting a pair of wells. Multiple fractures are preferred because of the large size necessary when using only a single fracture. Although the basic idea is rather simple, hydraulic fracturing is a complex process involving interactions of high pressure fluid injections with a stressed hot rock mass, mechanical interaction of induced fractures with existing natural fractures, and the spatial and temporal variations of in-situ stress. As a result it is necessary to develop tools that can be used to study these interactions as an integral part of a comprehensive approach to geothermal reservoir development, particularly enhanced geothermal systems. In response to this need we have set out to develop advanced thermo-mechanical models for design of artificial fractures and rock fracture research in geothermal reservoirs. These models consider the significant hydraulic and thermo-mechanical processes and their interaction with the in-situ stress state. Wellbore failure and fracture initiation is studied using a model that fully couples poro-mechanical and thermo-mechanical effects. The fracture propagation model is based on a complex variable and regular displacement discontinuity formulations. In the complex variable approach the displacement discontinuities are defined from the numerical solution of a complex hypersingular integral equation written for a given fracture configuration and loading. The fracture propagation studies include modeling interaction of induced fractures with existing discontinuities such as faults and joints. In addition to the fracture propagation studies, two- and three-dimensional heat extraction solution algorithms have been developed and used to estimate heat extraction and the variations of the reservoir stress with cooling. The numerical models have been developed in a user-friendly environment to create a tool for improving fracture design and investigating single or multiple fracture propagation in rock.

Download or read book Hydraulic fracturing and geothermal energy written by S. Nemat-Nassar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing has been and continues to be a major techno logical tool in oil and gas recovery, nuclear and other waste disposal, mining and particularly in-situ coal gasification, and, more recently, in geothermal heat recovery, particularly extracting heat from hot dry rock masses. The understanding of the fracture process under the ac tion of pressurized fluid at various temperatures is of fundamental scientific importance, which requires an adequate description of thermomechanical properties of subsurface rock, fluid-solid interaction effects, as well as degradation of the host rock due to temperature gradients introduced by heat extraction. Considerable progress has been made over the past several years in laboratory experiments, analytical and numerical modeling, and in-situ field studies in various aspects of hydraulic fracturing and geothermal energy extraction, by researchers in the United States and Japan and also elsewhere. However, the results have been scattered throughout the literature. Therefore, the time seemed ripe for bringing together selected researchers from the two countries, as well as observers from other countries, in order to survey the state of the art, exchange scientific information, and establish closer collaboration for further, better coordinated scientific effort in this important area of research and exploration.

Download or read book Discrete Fracture Network Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation written by Mark W. McClure and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-15 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discrete Fracture Network Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation describes the development and testing of a model that couples fluid-flow, deformation, friction weakening, and permeability evolution in large, complex two-dimensional discrete fracture networks. The model can be used to explore the behavior of hydraulic stimulation in settings where matrix permeability is low and preexisting fractures play an important role, such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems and gas shale. Used also to describe pure shear stimulation, mixed-mechanism stimulation, or pure opening-mode stimulation. A variety of novel techniques to ensure efficiency and realistic model behavior are implemented, and tested. The simulation methodology can also be used as an efficient method for directly solving quasistatic fracture contact problems. Results show how stresses induced by fracture deformation during stimulation directly impact the mechanism of propagation and the resulting fracture network.

Download or read book Mining the Earth s Heat Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy written by Donald W. Brown and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mining the Earth's Heat: Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy describes the work carried out by the Los Alamos National Laboratory to turn an idealistic concept - that of drawing useful amounts of energy from the vast underground store of hot rock at reachable depths - into a practical reality. This book provides comprehensive documentation of the over two decades of experiments carried out at the test site at Fenton Hill, New Mexico, where the feasibility of accessing and extracting this vast natural resource was finally demonstrated. It also discusses the numerous technical, administrative, and financial hurdles that had to be overcome along the way. This publication will no doubt prove invaluable to researchers around the world as they strive to move this now-proven technology toward commercial viability. In addition, it is a valuable source of relevant information for anyone interested in the world energy outlook for the 21st century and beyond.

Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs written by Hoss Belyadi and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs: Theories, Operations, and Economic Analysis, Second Edition, presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing. Enhanced to include today's newest technologies, such as machine learning and the monitoring of field performance using pressure and rate transient analysis, this reference gives engineers the full spectrum of information needed to run unconventional field developments. Covering key aspects, including fracture clean-up, expanded material on refracturing, and a discussion on economic analysis in unconventional reservoirs, this book keeps today's petroleum engineers updated on the critical aspects of unconventional activity. - Helps readers understand drilling and production technology and operations in shale gas through real-field examples - Covers various topics on fractured wells and the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons in one complete reference - Presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing

Download or read book A Coupled Geomechanics and Flow Modeling Study for Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing of Horizontal Wells in Enhanced Geothermal Systems Applications written by Xiexiaomeng Hu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fracture Propagation and Permeability Change Under Poro thermoelastic Loads Silica Reactivity in Enhanced Geothermal Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geothermal energy is recovered by circulating water through heat exchange areas within a hot rock mass. Geothermal reservoir rock masses generally consist of igneous and metamorphic rocks that have low matrix permeability. Therefore, cracks and fractures play a significant role in extraction of geothermal energy by providing the major pathways for fluid flow and heat exchange. Therefore, knowledge of the conditions leading to formation of fractures and fracture networks is of paramount importance. Furthermore, in the absence of natural fractures or adequate connectivity, artificial fractures are created in the reservoir using hydraulic fracturing. Multiple fractures are preferred because of the large size necessary when using only a single fracture. Although the basic idea is rather simple, hydraulic fracturing is a complex process involving interactions of high pressure fluid injections with a stressed hot rock mass, mechanical interaction of induced fractures with existing natural fractures, and the spatial and temporal variations of in-situ stress. As a result, it is necessary to develop tools that can be used to study these interactions as an integral part of a comprehensive approach to geothermal reservoir development, particularly enhanced geothermal systems. In response to this need we have developed advanced poro-thermo-chemo-mechanical fracture models for rock fracture research in support of EGS design. The fracture propagation models are based on a regular displacement discontinuity formulation. The fracture propagation studies include modeling interaction of induced fractures. In addition to the fracture propagation studies, two-dimensional solution algorithms have been developed and used to estimate the impact of pro-thermo-chemical processes on fracture permeability and reservoir pressure. Fracture permeability variation is studied using a coupled thermo-chemical model with quartz reaction kinetics. The model is applied to study quartz precipitation/dissolution, as well as the variation in fracture aperture and pressure. Also, a three-dimensional model of injection/extraction has been developed to consider the impact poro- and thermoelastic stresses on fracture slip and injection pressure. These investigations shed light on the processes involved in the observed phenomenon of injection pressure variation (e.g., in Coso), and allow the assessment of the potential of thermal and chemical stimulation strategies.

Download or read book Fully Coupled Geomechanics and Discrete Flow Network Modeling of Hydraulic Fracturing for Geothermal Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of our current research is to develop a computational test bed for evaluating borehole techniques to enhance fluid flow and heat transfer in enhanced geothermal systems (EGS). Simulating processes resulting in hydraulic fracturing and/or the remobilization of existing fractures, especially the interaction between propagating fractures and existing fractures, represents a critical goal of our project. To this end, we are continuing to develop a hydraulic fracturing simulation capability within the Livermore Distinct Element Code (LDEC), a combined FEM/DEM analysis code with explicit solid-fluid mechanics coupling. LDEC simulations start from an initial fracture distribution which can be stochastically generated or upscaled from the statistics of an actual fracture distribution. During the hydraulic stimulation process, LDEC tracks the propagation of fractures and other modifications to the fracture system. The output is transferred to the Non-isothermal Unsaturated Flow and Transport (NUFT) code to capture heat transfer and flow at the reservoir scale. This approach is intended to offer flexibility in the types of analyses we can perform, including evaluating the effects of different system heterogeneities on the heat extraction rate as well as seismicity associated with geothermal operations. This paper details the basic methodology of our approach. Two numerical examples showing the capability and effectiveness of our simulator are also presented.

Download or read book Micro mechanical Aspects of Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Proppant Flow and Transport for Stimulation of Enhanced Geothermal Systems written by Ingrid Tomac and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Enhanced Geothermal Systems EGS written by Department of Energy (DOE) and published by . This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electricity production from geothermal resources is currently based on the exploitation of hydrothermal reservoirs. Hydrothermal reservoirs possess three ingredients critical to present day commercial extraction of subsurface heat: high temperature, in-situ fluid and high permeability. Relative to the total subsurface heat resource available, hydrothermal resources are geographically and quantitatively limited. This report provides an assessment of well construction technology for EGS with two primary objectives: 1. Determining the ability of existing technologies to develop EGS wells. 2. Identifying critical well construction research lines and development technologies that are likely to enhance prospects for EGS viability and improve overall economics. Towards these ends, a methodology is followed in which a case study is developed to systematically and quantitatively evaluate EGS well construction technology needs. A baseline EGS well specification is first formulated. The steps, tasks and tools involved in the construction of this prospective baseline EGS well are then explicitly defined by a geothermal drilling contractor in terms of sequence, time and cost. A task and cost based analysis of the exercise is subsequently conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the key technical and economic drivers of the well construction process. Finally, future research and development recommendations are provided and ranked based on their economic and technical significance. Contents: Chapter 1 - Introduction * Chapter 2 - Well construction considerations and baseline well specification * Chapter 3 - Baseline Well Specification * Chapter 4 - Well Construction Case Study * Chapter 5 - Analysis of Well Construction Case Study * Chapter 6 - Well Construction R & D Recommendations * Chapter 7 - Conclusions

Download or read book Laboratory scale Study of Hydraulic Fracturing in Heterogeneous Media for Enhanced Geothermal Systems and General Well Stimulation written by Luke P. Frash and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modelling Rock Fracturing Processes written by Baotang Shen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-06 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the second edition of the well-known textbook Modelling Rock Fracturing Processes. The new and extended edition provides the theoretical background of rock fracture mechanics used for modelling of 2-D and 3-D geomechanics problems and processes. Fundamentals of rock fracture mechanics integrated with experimental studies of rock fracturing processes are highlighted. The computer programs FRACOD 2D and 3D are used to analyse fracture initiation and propagation for the three fracture modes: Mode I, II and III. Coupled fracture modelling with other continuous and distinct element codes including FLAC, PFC, RFPA, TOUGH are also described. A series of applications of fracture modelling with importance for modern society is presented and discussed by distinguished rock fracture modelling experts.

Download or read book Geoenergy Modeling III written by Norihiro Watanabe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on numerical modeling of deep hydrothermal and petrothermal systems in fractured georeservoirs for utilization in Geothermal Energy applications. The authors explain the particular challenges and approaches to modeling heat transport and high-throughput flow in multiply fractured porous rock formations. In order to help readers gain a system-level understanding of the necessary analysis, the authors include detailed examples of growing complexity as the techniques explained in the text are introduced. The coverage culminates with the fully-coupled analysis of real deep geothermal test-sites located in Germany and France.