Download or read book Design of Polymeric Sensing Materials for Volatile Organic Compounds written by Katherine Mariann Elizabeth Stewart and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many applications in which sensing and monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gas analytes are important. This thesis focusses on finding suitable sensing materials for ethanol to reduce the instances of people driving while intoxicated. To find suitable sensing materials, many constraints must be taken into consideration. For example, a sensing material and sensor must have the appropriate sensitivity and selectivity required. The goal is to create a sensing material or multiple materials capable of detecting ethanol that is emitted from the skin (transdermally). This requires highly sensitive sensing materials and sensors capable of detecting ethanol close to 5 ppm. This limit of 5 ppm was confirmed by measuring transdermal ethanol. In addition, to avoid false positives, the sensor must be able to selectively identify ethanol (i.e. respond preferentially to ethanol). To achieve this goal, polymeric sensing materials were used because of their ability to be tailored towards a target analyte. Multiple polymeric sensing materials were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as a sensing material for ethanol. Both the sensitivity and selectivity of the sensing materials were evaluated using a specially designed experimental test set-up that included a highly sensitive gas chromatograph (GC) capable of detecting down to the ppb range. In total, over thirty potential sensing materials were evaluated for ethanol. These sensing materials, which include polyaniline (PANI) and two of its derivatives, poly (o-anisidine) (PoANI) and poly (2,5-dimethyl aniline) (P25DMA), doped with various concentrations of five different metal oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, NiO, TiO2, and ZnO), were synthesized and evaluated for sensitivity and selectivity to ethanol. In addition, specialized siloxane-based polymers and other polymers such as poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polypyrrole (PPy) were evaluated. From these thirty plus sensing materials, P25DMA doped with TiO2, NiO, and Al2O3, along with PPy, had the best sensitivity towards ethanol. Most of the materials tested, with the exception of the CuO doped P25DMA, P25DMA doped with 20% ZnO, poly (ethylene imine) (PEI), and the siloxane-based sensing materials, were able to sorb, and therefore detect, 5 ppm of ethanol. Therefore, the sensitivity requirement of 5 ppm was satisfied. In terms of selectivity, P25DMA doped with 5% Al2O3 and P25DMA doped with 10% TiO2 had the best selectivity towards ethanol with respect to five typical interferent gases (acetaldehyde, acetone, benzene, formaldehyde, and methanol). Some of the most promising polymeric sensing materials were then deposited onto two different kinds of sensors: a capacitive radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor and a mass-based microcantilever microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensor. These sensors were evaluated for sensitivity, selectivity, and response and recovery times. It was found that P25DMA doped with 20% NiO had a detection limit of 3 ppm on the RFID sensor, whereas P25DMA had a detection limit of 5 ppm on the MEMS sensor. It should be noted that not all sensing materials work well on all sensors. To improve the selectivity of a sensor, a sensor array or electronic nose can be used. These use a pattern-recognition algorithm to separate the responses for different gas analytes. A proof-of-principle study was done using principal component analysis that was capable of distinguishing between six different VOCs using five different polymeric sensing materials. In addition, a three sensor array was evaluated on the RFID platform. Using PCA as the filtering algorithm, four gas analytes (ethanol, methanol, acetone, and benzene) were able to be identified. These four analytes could also be identified even when in gas mixtures of twos and threes and when all four gas analytes were present. After this wide experimentation, and based on the knowledge gained from the sorption responses between various VOCs and polymers, along with what has been reported in the literature, various sensing mechanisms were proposed. These sensing mechanisms explain why certain VOCs sorb more preferentially onto certain polymers. Therefore, identifying the dominant sensing mechanisms for a target analyte can improve sensing material selection. Based on these sensing mechanisms, potential sensing materials can be chosen for a target analyte. By including other constraints from the specific application target and sensor, this list of potential sensing materials can be further narrowed. From here, these sensing materials can be evaluated for sensitivity and selectivity, before the most promising ones are deposited onto sensors for further testing. This has led to prescriptions that can be followed when designing a new sensing material for a target application. These prescriptions take into consideration the chemical nature of the target analyte (and thus, the dominant mechanisms by which it is likely to interact), any constraints of the target application (including operational temperature and type of sensor), and the chemical nature of the common interferents present with the target analyte. These prescriptions allow one to narrow down a list of hundreds or thousands of potential sensing materials to a manageable few, which can then be evaluated.

Download or read book Semiconductor Gas Sensors written by Raivo Jaaniso and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductor Gas Sensors, Second Edition, summarizes recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field. Chapters cover the foundation of the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms of gas sensors, include expanded content on gas sensing characteristics, such as response, sensitivity and cross-sensitivity, present an overview of the nanomaterials utilized for gas sensing, and review the latest applications for semiconductor gas sensors, including environmental monitoring, indoor monitoring, medical applications, CMOS integration and chemical warfare agents. This second edition has been completely updated, thus ensuring it reflects current literature and the latest materials systems and applications. - Includes an overview of key applications, with new chapters on indoor monitoring and medical applications - Reviews developments in gas sensors and sensing methods, including an expanded section on gas sensor theory - Discusses the use of nanomaterials in gas sensing, with new chapters on single-layer graphene sensors, graphene oxide sensors, printed sensors, and much more

Download or read book Evaluating Polymeric Materials for Sensing of Gaseous Analytes written by Noushin Majdabadifarahani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers have been widely used in gas sensing applications especially for detecting Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). Some of these applications consist of disease diagnosis and breathalyzers as well as evaluation of indoor air quality and detecting toxic analytes. A sensing material requires to be highly sensitive to small amounts of gas. Selectivity is another essential characteristic, which has to be evaluated since many vapours/gases exist in small quantities (ppm or ppb) in houses and work places at the same time. The goal was to evaluate poly (methyl methacrylate) doped with metal oxides as a potential sensing material for detecting acetone (diabetic applications). Afterwards, other polymeric sensing materials were examined for gas sorption capabilities toward formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzene. The experiments were all operated at room temperature through a highly specialized and sensitive Gas Chromatograph test system. Polyaniline (PANI), poly (2,5-dimethyl aniline) (P25DMA), poly(4-vinyl phenol) (P4VP), and poly (acrylic acid) (PAAc) have also been investigated as potential sensing material for formaldehyde sorption. After selecting the promising sensing material in single gas evaluations, selectivity of each sensing material has been studied. In order to evaluate selectivity, the target analyte has to be in a mixture with interferents (other gas analytes). Benzene and acetaldehyde were chosen as interferent analytes. Several gas concentrations and gas mixture ratios have been investigated to have a complete set of experiments and comparable data. In addition, one of the promising sensing materials for formaldehyde detection, PANI, was doped with NiO and In2O3 to further evaluate whether metal oxides can enhance sensing capabilities. At the final characterization step, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) were used for additional information about the topology and the composition of the polymeric samples as well as incorporation of metal oxides into polymers.

Download or read book The Design and Synthesis of Polymeric Assemblies for Materials Applications written by Jason Robert Cox and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjugated polymers are an indispensable class of materials that have advanced the development of optoelectronic device architectures; in part, due to their outstanding electronic and mechanical properties. This thesis explores the utility of rationally designed energy transfer cascades involving conjugated polymers that can be used in applications such as chemosensing and liquid crystal alignment. We begin by describing the design and development of a new transduction mechanism for the detection of cyclic ketones - molecules that are found in plasticized explosives. We discuss the synthesis of a new reporter dye bearing a receptor for cyclic ketones that is capable of undergoing efficient energy transfer with conjugated polymers. We further describe the optimization of a thin-film sensor comprised of these two components as well as its performance and selectivity. In the next chapter we describe the design and synthesis of two new polymers that are capable of undergoing the di-[Pi]-methane rearrangement. We begin by describing the synthesis and photochemistry of the polymers as well as a model compound. The polymers contain triplet sensitizers built into the polymer backbone thereby creating an energy transfer cascade that facilitates the di-a-methane rearrangement. These materials are then evaluated as liquid crystal alignment layers for optoelectronic applications. In the final chapter, we describe the end-capping of cross-coupling polymerizations using the hydroarylation of norbornadiene. This reaction is shown to be an efficient approach to generating macroinitiators which can be further polymerized using ring opening metathesis polymerization. These end-capped materials can also be crosslinked into hybrid materials that show promise as thin-film sensors for volatile organic compounds.

Download or read book Sensory Polymers written by José Miguel García and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 878 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensory Polymers: From their Design to Practical Applications discusses recent developments in the field of sensory polymers and showcases the potential applications of these materials in food control and security, civil security, the biomedical field, environmental control and remediation, industrial control of chemicals, and more. Written by worldwide experts in the field, chapters provide in-depth knowledge on several different polymer sensors and their response to different stimuli, which makes this book a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students in polymer science, materials science, and chemistry, as well as those interested on sensing applications and chemical sensory systems, including industry R&D. - Discusses the foundation of sensory polymers, from material design to development and production - Explores state-of-the-art applications in environmental control, biomedicine, sensing, the chemical industry, and food science - Provides perspectives and future applications of polymer chemosensors

Download or read book Organic Sensors written by Eduardo Garcia-Breijo and published by IET. This book was released on 2016-11-25 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic Sensors: Materials and Applications features contributions from an international panel of leading researchers in organic electronics and their applications as sensors. It reviews the state-of-the-art in the use of organic electronic materials such as organic semiconductors, conducting polymers, chemically functionalized materials, and composite materials as physical, chemical and biomedical sensors in a variety of application settings. Topics covered include organic semiconductors for chemical and physical sensing; conducting polymers in sensor applications; chemically functionalized organic semiconductors for highly selective sensing; composite organic-inorganic sensors; artificial skin applications; organic thin film transistor strain gauges for biomedical applications; OTFT infrared sensors for touchless human-machine interaction; smart fabric sensors and e-textile technologies; image capture with organic sensors; organic gas sensors and electronic noses; electrolyte gated organic transistors for biochemical sensing; ion-selective organic electrochemical transistors; DNA biosensors; metabolic organic sensors; and conductive polymer-based sensors for biomedical applications. This book is cross-disciplinary in its approach and combines electronic engineering, materials science, chemistry, physics and healthcare technology. It will be an invaluable resource for researchers working in sensors and organic electronics.

Download or read book Hybrid Nanofillers for Polymer Reinforcement written by Sabu Thomas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-08-12 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid Nanofillers for Polymer Reinforcement: Synthesis, Assembly, Characterization, and Applications provides a targeted approach to hybrid nanostructures, enabling the development of these advanced nanomaterials for specific applications. The book begins by reviewing the status of hybrid nanostructures, their current applications, and future opportunities. This is followed by chapters examining synthesis and characterization techniques, as well as interactions within nanohybrid systems. The second part of the book provides detailed chapters each highlighting a particular application area and discussing the preparation of various hybrid nano systems that can potentially be utilized in that area. The last chapters turn towards notable state-of-the-art hybrid nanomaterials and their properties and applications. This book is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students across polymer science, nanotechnology, rubber technology, chemistry, sustainable materials, and materials engineering, as well as scientists, engineers, and R&D professionals with an interest in hybrid nanostructures or advanced nanomaterials for a industrial application. - Provides synthesis methods, characterization techniques, and structure-property analysis for hybrid nanostructures - Offers in-depth coverage that focuses on specific applications across energy storage, environment, automotive, aerospace, construction and biomedicine - Includes the latest novel areas, such as elastomeric hybrid nano systems, hybrid ceramic polymer nanocomposites, and self-assembled structures

Download or read book Eco materials Processing Design written by Hyung Sun Kim and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecomaterials, or Green Materials, are those designed so as to minimize their environmental impact, while still maintaining or even increasing the desired operational performance. Ecomaterials research is an interdisciplinary field where scientists and engineers with backgrounds in both chemistry, and in materials such as metals, ceramics, polymers, and carbon, are involved in raising the environmental consciousness of industry and in motivating ecological research. This volume contains the papers presented during the fourth international symposium on ecomaterials processing and design, which was held on February 4-6, 2003 in Kangnung, Korea.

Download or read book Polymeric Nanocomposite Materials for Sensor Applications written by Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-16 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymeric Nanocomposite Materials for Sensor Applications covers all the important aspects of polymer composite-based sensors, from fundamentals to fabrication. Key chapters focus on the materials used for sensors and their characterization, properties, fabrication and classification. Various applications of polymeric sensors are also discussed in detail. This book is an essential reference resource, not only for the materials scientist, but also for researchers, academics, technologists and students working in the sensor technology industry. In modern society, sensors are used in electronics, food packaging, construction, automobile and aerospace applications. The advancement of smart technologies has increased their usage because of their affordability and reliability. Among the materials used for the fabrication of sensors, polymer composites are the most preferred because they are lightweight, versatile, low cost and easy to process. - Discusses fundamentals, classification, recent progress, and the current status of polymer nanocomposites in sensing applications - Includes coverage of materials and their application-specific modeling - Addresses safety issues and environmental degradation - Includes broad coverage of a wide range of engineering applications, including food, safety, healthcare, automotive and aerospace - Covers pressure sensors, gas sensors, pH sensors, ion selective sensors, alcohol sensors, humidity sensors, aromatic small molecule sensors, enzyme sensors, immunosensors, strain sensors and electrochemical sensors

Download or read book Bioinspired superwettable materials from design fabrication to application volume II written by Jingxin Meng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-08-03 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Metal Organic Frameworks Based Hybrid Materials for Environmental Sensing and Monitoring written by Ram K. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-06-22 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an unprecedented population boom and rapid industrial development, environmental pollution has become a severe problem for the ecosystem and public health. Classical techniques for sensing and determining environmental contaminants often require complex pretreatments, expensive equipment, and longer testing times. Therefore, new, and state-of-the-art sensing technologies possessing the advantages of excellent sensitivity, rapid detection, ease of use, and suitability for in situ, real-time, and continuous monitoring of environmental pollutants, are highly desirable. Metal-Organic Frameworks-based Hybrid Materials for Environmental Sensing and Monitoring covers the current-state-of-the-art hybrid nanomaterials based on metal-organic frameworks for electrochemical monitoring purposes. Accomplished authors cover various synthetic routes, methods, and theories behind enhancing the electrochemical properties and applications of metal-organic frameworks-based hybrid nanomaterials for electrochemical sensing of environmental pollutants under one roof. This book is essential reading for all academic and industrial researchers working in the fields of materials science and nanotechnology.

Download or read book Computational Methods for Sensor Material Selection written by Margaret A. Ryan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-06 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical vapor sensing arrays have grown in popularity over the past two decades, finding applications for tasks such as process control, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnosis. This is the first in-depth analysis of the process of choosing materials and components for these "electronic noses", with special emphasis on computational methods. For a view of component selection with an experimental perspective, readers may refer to the complementary volume of Integrated Microanalytical Systems entitled "Combinatorial Methodologies for Sensor Materials."

Download or read book Nanotechnology Concepts Methodologies Tools and Applications written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2014-02-28 with total page 1654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, devices and technologies have been significantly miniaturized from one generation to the next, providing far more potential in a much smaller package. The smallest of these recently developed tools are miniscule enough to be invisible to the naked eye. Nanotechnology: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications describes some of the latest advances in microscopic technologies in fields as diverse as biochemistry, materials science, medicine, and electronics. Through its investigation of theories, applications, and new developments in the nanotechnology field, this impressive reference source will serve as a valuable tool for researchers, engineers, academics, and students alike.

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Odor written by Andrea Büttner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 1155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Springer Handbook of Odor is the definitive guide to all aspects related to the study of smell and their impact on human life. For the first time, this handbook aligns the senso-chemo-analytical characterization of everyday smells encountered by mankind, with the elucidation of perceptual, hedonic, behavioral and physiological responses of humans to such odors. From birth onwards we learn to interact with our environment using our sense of smell. Moreover, evolutionary processes have engendered a multi-faceted communication that is supported – even dominated – by olfaction. This compilation examines the responses of humans to odors at different stages of life, thereby building a foundation for a widely overseen area of research with broader ramifications for human life. The expert international authors and editor align aspects, concepts, methodologies and perspectives from a broad range of different disciplines related to the science of smell. These include chemistry, physiology, psychology, material sciences, technology but also disciplines related to linguistics, culture, art and design. This handbook, edited by an internationally renowned aroma scientist with the support of an outstanding team of over 60 authors, is an authoritative reference for researchers in the field of odors both in academia and in industry and is also a useful reference for newcomers to the area.

Download or read book Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials written by Ghenadii Korotcenkov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-18 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volumes of Handbook of Gas Sensor Materials provide a detailed and comprehensive account of materials for gas sensors, including the properties and relative advantages of various materials. Since these sensors can be applied for the automation of myriad industrial processes, as well as for everyday monitoring of such activities as public safety, engine performance, medical therapeutics, and in many other situations, this handbook is of great value. Gas sensor designers will find a treasure trove of material in these two books.

Download or read book Polymers and Ionic Liquids written by Jannick Duchet-Rumeau and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of polymer materials scientists is to develop and design high performance polymer-based materials via the introduction of block copolymers, ionomers or inorganic-organic hybrids, in order to introduce functionalities such as mechanical reinforcement, gas barrier properties, fire retardancy, shape memory behavior or self-healing ability. In the last ten years, ionic liquids have demonstrated huge potential as new components within polymer-based materials, leading to a wide range of applications. Due to their many physical-chemical properties, as well as their various possible combinations, ionic liquids represent a new path to produce multifunctional materials.

Download or read book Functional Thin Films and Nanostructures for Sensors written by Anis Zribi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses advances in functional thin films for sensors and novel concepts for future breakthroughs. The focus is on guidelines and design rules for sensor systems, interaction between functional thin films and other sensor subsystems, fundamentals behind the intrinsic functionality in sensing thin films and nanostructures, state-of-the-art technologies used to develop sensors today and concrete examples of sensor designs.