Download or read book Design Modeling and Analysis of a Continuous Process for Hydrogenation of Diene Based Polymers Using a Static Mixer Reactor written by Chandra Mouli R. Madhuranthakam and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) which is known for its excellent elastomeric properties and mechanical retention properties after long time exposure to heat, oil and air is produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR). Hydrogenation of NBR is carried out preferably in solution via homogeneous catalysis. As yet, it is being commercially produced in a semi-batch process where gaseous hydrogen continuously flows into a batch of reactant polymer. Several catalysts have been exploited successfully for the hydrogenation of NBR in organic solvents, which include palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium complexes. Owing to the drawbacks of batch production (such as time taken for charging and discharging the reactants/products, heating and cooling, reactor clean up), and the huge demand for HNBR, a continuous process is proposed where potential time saving is possible in addition to the high turn over of the product.

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling of Crosslinking and Gelation in Continuous Ethylene propylene diene Polymerization Reactors Using the Pseudo kinetic Constant Approach written by Rujun Li and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Reactor Modeling written by Hugo A. Jakobsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-15 with total page 1244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book closes the gap between Chemical Reaction Engineering and Fluid Mechanics. It provides the basic theory for momentum, heat and mass transfer in reactive systems. Numerical methods for solving the resulting equations as well as the interplay between physical and numerical modes are discussed. The book is written using the standard terminology of this community. It is intended for researchers and engineers who want to develop their own codes, or who are interested in a deeper insight into commercial CFD codes in order to derive consistent extensions and to overcome "black box" practice. It can also serve as a textbook and reference book.

Download or read book Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrosilylation of Diene Polymers by Transition Metal Catalysts written by Xiangyao Guo and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 19?? with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Direct Catalytic Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Diene based Polymers in Latex Form written by Zhenli Wei and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The direct catalytic hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) in latex form was studied as a model system for the development of a new latex hydrogenation process for the modification of unsaturated diene-based polymers. NBR is a synthetic rubber of copolymerized acrylonitrile and butadiene produced in latex form by emulsion polymerization. The catalytic hydrogenation of NBR is an important post-polymerization process resulting in a more stable and tougher derivative, hydrogenated NBR (HNBR), which has been widely used in the automotive and oil drilling industry. The present commercial process involves a number of cumbersome steps to obtain solid NBR from the latex and subsequent dissolution of the solid NBR in a large amount of organic solvent followed by solvent recovery after coagulation of the hydrogenated NBR. Since NBR is produced in latex form, it is very desirable to directly hydrogenate NBR in the latex form which will significantly simplify the hydrogenation process and facilitate subsequent applications. As an economical and environmentally benign alternative to the commercial processes based on the hydrogenation of NBR in organic solution, this direct latex hydrogenation process is of special interest to industry. The objective of this project is to develop an efficient catalytic system in order to realize the direct catalytic hydrogenation of NBR in latex form.

Download or read book Design and Engineering of Microreactor and Smart Scaled Flow Processes written by Volker Hessel and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Design and Engineering of Microreactor and Smart-Scaled Flow Processes" that was published in Processes

Download or read book Polymerization Reactors and Processes written by James Neil Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Catalytic Hydrogenation of Nitrile Rubber in High Concentration Solution written by Ting Li and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical modification is an important way to improve the properties of existing polymers, and one of the important examples is the hydrogenation of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) in organic solvent by homogeneous catalysis in order to extend its application. This process has been industrialized for many years to provide high performance elastomers (HNBR) for the automotive industry, especially those used to produce components in engine compartments. In the current commercial process, a batch reactor is employed for the hydrogenation step, which is labor intensive and not suitable for large volume of production. Thus, novel hydrogenation devices such as a continuous process are being developed in our research group to overcome these drawbacks. In order to make the process more practical for industrial application, high concentration polymer solutions should be targeted for the continuous hydrogenation. However, many problems are encountered due to the viscosity of the high concentration polymer solution, which increases tremendously as the reaction goes on, resulting in severe mass transfer and heat transfer problems. So, hydrogenation kinetics in high concentration NBR solution, as well as the rheological properties of this viscous solution are very essential and fundamental for the design of novel hydrogenation processes and reactor scale up. In the present work, hydrogenation of NBR in high concentration solution was carried out in a batch reactor. A commercial rhodium catalyst, Wilkinson's catalyst, was used with triphenylphosphine as the co-catalyst and chlorobenzene as the solvent. The reactor was modified and a PID controller was tuned to fit this strong exothermic reaction. It was observed that when NBR solution is in a high concentration the kinetic behavior was greatly affected by mass transfer processes, especially the gas-liquid mass transfer. Reactor internals were designed and various agitators were investigated to improve the mechanical mixing. Experimental results show that the turbine-anchor combined agitator could provide superior mixing for this viscous reaction system. The kinetic behavior of NBR hydrogenation under low catalyst concentration was also studied. It was observed that the hydrogenation degree of the polymer could not reach 95% if less than 0.1%wt catalyst (based on polymer mass) was used, deviating from the behavior under a normal catalyst concentration. The viscosity of the NBR-MCB solutions was measured in a rotational rheometer that has a cylinder sensor under both room conditions and reaction conditions. Parameters that might affect the viscosity of the solutions were studied, especially the hydrogenation degree of polymer. Rheological properties of NBR-MEK solutions, as well as NBR melts were also studied for relevant information. It is concluded that the hydrogenation kinetics deviates from that reported by Parent et al. [6] when polymer is in high concentration and/or catalyst is in low concentration; and that the reaction solution (HNBR/NBR-MCB solution) deviates from Newtonian behavior when polymer concentration and hydrogenation degree are high.

Download or read book Computer Aided Simulation and Process Design of a Hydrogenation Plant Using Aspen HYSYS 2006 written by Mohammad Hossein Ordouei and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays, computers are extensively used in engineering modeling and simulation fields in many different ways, one of which is in chemical engineering. Simulation and modeling of a chemical process plant and the sizing of the equipment with the assistance of computers, is of special interests to process engineers and investors. This is due to the ability of high speed computers, which make millions of mathematical calculations in less than a second associated with the new powerful software that make the engineering calculations more reliable and precise by making very fast iterations in thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer calculations. This combination of new technological hardware and developed software enables process engineers to deal with simulation, design, optimization, control, analysis etc. of complex plants, e.g. refinery and petrochemical plants, reliably and satisfactorily. The main chemical process simulators used for static and dynamic simulations are ASPEN PLUS, ASPEN HYSYS, PRO II, and CHEMCAD. The basic design concepts of all simulators are the same and one can fairly use all simulators if one is expert in any of them. Hydrogenation process is an example of the complex plants, to which a special attention is made by process designers and manufacturers. This process is used for upgrading of hydrocarbon feeds containing sulfur, nitrogen and/or other unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds. In oil and gas refineries, the product of steam cracking cuts, which is valuable, may be contaminated by these unwanted components and thus there is a need to remove those pollutants in downstream of the process. Hydrogenation is also used to increase the octane number of gasoline and gas oil. Sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds and other unsaturated hydrocarbons are undesired components causing environmental issues, production of by-products, poisoning the catalysts and corrosion of the equipment. The unsaturated C=C double bonds in dioleffinic and alkenyl aromatics compounds, on the other hand, cause unwanted polymerization reactions due to having the functionality equal to or greater than 2. Hydrogenation process of the undesired components will remove those impurities and/or increase the octane number of aforementioned hydrocarbons. This process is sometimes referred to as "hydrotreating"; however, "upgrader" is a general word and is, of course, of more interest. In this thesis, a hydrogenation process plant was designed on the basis of the chemistry of hydrocarbons, hydrogenation reaction mechanism, detailed study of thermodynamics and kinetics and then a steady-state simulation and design of the process is carried out by ASPEN HYSYS 2006 followed by design evaluation and some modifications and conclusions. Hydrogenation reaction has a complicated mechanism. It has been subjected to hot and controversial debates over decades. Many kinetic data are available, which contradict one another. Among them, some of the experimental researches utilize good assumptions in order to simplify the mechanism so that a "Kinetic Reaction" modeling can be employed. This thesis takes the benefit of such research works and applies some conditions to approve the validity of those assumptions. On the basis of this detailed study of reaction modeling and kinetic data, a hydrogenation plant was designed to produce and purify over 98 million kilograms of different products; e.g. Benzene, Toluene, Iso-octane etc. with fairly high purity.

Download or read book Modeling of Nonlinear Polymerization in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor written by Georgia Papavasiliou and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Continuous Hydrogenation Reactions in a Novel Gas Liquid Flow Reactor Packed with Pd C written by Nungruethai Yoswathananont and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Method for Controlling the Continuous Process of Solution Polymerization of Conjugated Dienes written by A. V. Zak and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Modeling of Continuous Miniemulsion Polymerization Reactors written by Charles J. Samer and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book POLYMERIZATION Reactors and Processes written by James Neil Henderson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modelling and experimental studies of a continuous emulsion polymerization reactor written by Constantine Kiparissides and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Kinetics Modeling for Design of Continuous Enzymatic Hydrolysis written by James J. Lischeske and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Computer Aided Simulation and Process Design of a Hydrogenation Plant Using Aspen HYSYS 2006 written by Ethan Wilkinson and published by . This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT Nowadays, computers are extensively used in engineering modeling and simulation fields in many different ways , one of which is in chemical engineering . Simulation and modeling of a chemical process plant and the sizing of the equipment with the assistance of computers, is of special interests to process engineers and investors. This is due to the ability of high speed computers, which make millions of mathematical calculations in less than a second associated with the new powerful software that make the engineering calculations more reliable and precise by making very fast iterations in thermodynamics, heat and mass transfer calculations. This combination of new technological hardware and developed software enables process engineers to deal with simulation, design, optimization, control, analysis etc. of complex plants , e.g. refinery and petrochemical plants, reliably an d satisfactorily.