Download or read book Design and Application of Cache Coherent Multiprocessors written by Ashwini Kumar Nanda and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cache and Interconnect Architectures in Multiprocessors written by Michel Dubois and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cache And Interconnect Architectures In Multiprocessors Eilat, Israel May 25-261989 Michel Dubois UniversityofSouthernCalifornia Shreekant S. Thakkar SequentComputerSystems The aim of the workshop was to bring together researchers working on cache coherence protocols for shared-memory multiprocessors with various interconnect architectures. Shared-memory multiprocessors have become viable systems for many applications. Bus based shared-memory systems (Eg. Sequent's Symmetry, Encore's Multimax) are currently limited to 32 processors. The fIrst goal of the workshop was to learn about the performance ofapplications on current cache-based systems. The second goal was to learn about new network architectures and protocols for future scalable systems. These protocols and interconnects would allow shared-memory architectures to scale beyond current imitations. The workshop had 20 speakers who talked about their current research. The discussions were lively and cordial enough to keep the participants away from the wonderful sand and sun for two days. The participants got to know each other well and were able to share their thoughts in an informal manner. The workshop was organized into several sessions. The summary of each session is described below. This book presents revisions of some of the papers presented at the workshop.
Download or read book Application directed Cache Coherence Design written by Hongzhou Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Chip multiprocessors continue to provide programmers with a coherent view of shared memory in hardware across all cores. At large core counts, maintaining coherence in hardware across cached copies of data is a challenge due to bandwidth and metadata storage consumption. A cache block is the basic unit for data storage and communication, chosen at design time to match average locality across a range of applications. Conventional hardware implements the coherence protocol using a fixed granularity (of a cache block) for all coherence operations. Coherence metadata is recorded for every cache block, and coherence permissions are also granted in cache block units. Metadata is typically proportional both to the number of cores and the amount of data cached. Empirical analysis shows that applications typically exhibit a small number of sharing patterns, resulting in redundant information in the metadata. Similarly, considerable bandwidth is wasted due to a mismatch between application access granularity and the fixed granularity data and coherence communication. This dissertation leverages the inherent patterns of data access and sharing behavior in applications to design protocols that eliminate the bandwidth and metadata storage waste in conventional coherence protocols. The sharing pattern-aware directory designs, which we call SPACE and SPATL, recognize and represent only one copy of the subset of sharing patterns exhibited at any given instant in an application. The resulting protocols eliminate the linear proportionality of metadata storage to the number of cores. The adaptive coherence granularity designs, which we call Protozoa, match data movement to an application's spatial locality and access behavior, supporting fine granularity sharing without increasing metadata storage needs. The application-directed approach allows bandwidth needs to track inherent application access and sharing behavior"--Page vii-viii.
Download or read book The Cache Coherence Problem in Shared Memory Multiprocessors written by Igor Tartalja and published by Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Press. This book was released on 1996-02-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book illustrates state-of-the-art software solutions for cache coherence maintenance in shared-memory multiprocessors. It begins with a brief overview of the cache coherence problem and introduces software solutions to the problem. The text defines and details static and dynamic software schemes, techniques for modeling performance evaluation mechanisms, and performance evaluation studies.
Download or read book Hardware and Compiler directed Cache Coherence in Large scale Multiprocessors written by Lynn Choi and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "In this paper, we study a hardware-supported, compiler-directed (HSCD) cache coherence scheme, which can be implemented on a large-scale multiprocessor using off-the-shelf microprocessors, such as the Cray T3D. The scheme can be adapted to various cache organizations, including multi-word cache lines and byte-addressable architectures. Several system related issues, including critical sections, inter-thread communication, and task migration have also been addressed. The cost of the required hardware support is minimal and proportional to the cache size. The necessary compiler algorithms, including intra- and interprocedural array data flow analysis, have been implemented on the Polaris parallelizing compiler [33]. From our simulation study using the Perfect Club benchmarks [5], we found that in spite of the conservative analysis made by the compiler, the performance of the proposed HSCD scheme can be comparable to that of a full-map hardware directory scheme. Given its comparable performance and reduced hardware cost, the proposed scheme can be a viable alternative for large-scale multiprocessors such as the Cray T3D, which rely on users to maintain data coherence."
Download or read book Hardware and Compiler directed Cache Coherence in Large scale Multiprocessors Design Considerations and Preformance Study written by L. Choi and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scalable Shared Memory Multiprocessors written by Michel Dubois and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1992 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics of Computing -- Parallelism.
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence written by Daniel Sorin and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011-03-02 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems and most multicore chips (chip multiprocessors) support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both highlevel concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. Table of Contents: Preface / Introduction to Consistency and Coherence / Coherence Basics / Memory Consistency Motivation and Sequential Consistency / Total Store Order and the x86 Memory Model / Relaxed Memory Consistency / Coherence Protocols / Snooping Coherence Protocols / Directory Coherence Protocols / Advanced Topics in Coherence / Author Biographies
Download or read book A Primer on Memory Consistency and Cache Coherence written by Vijay Nagarajan and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many modern computer systems, including homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures, support shared memory in hardware. In a shared memory system, each of the processor cores may read and write to a single shared address space. For a shared memory machine, the memory consistency model defines the architecturally visible behavior of its memory system. Consistency definitions provide rules about loads and stores (or memory reads and writes) and how they act upon memory. As part of supporting a memory consistency model, many machines also provide cache coherence protocols that ensure that multiple cached copies of data are kept up-to-date. The goal of this primer is to provide readers with a basic understanding of consistency and coherence. This understanding includes both the issues that must be solved as well as a variety of solutions. We present both high-level concepts as well as specific, concrete examples from real-world systems. This second edition reflects a decade of advancements since the first edition and includes, among other more modest changes, two new chapters: one on consistency and coherence for non-CPU accelerators (with a focus on GPUs) and one that points to formal work and tools on consistency and coherence.
Download or read book Data and Program Restructuring of Irregular Applications for Cache coherent Multiprocessors written by University of Michigan. Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Computer Science and Engineering Division and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Applications with irregular data structures such as sparse matrices or finite element meshes account for a large fraction of engineering and scientific applications. Domain decomposition techniques are commonly used to partition these applications to reduce interprocessor communication on parallel systems. Many good domain decomposition algorithms are now available. However, data partitioning using domain decomposition is just one step in the process of optimizing a code for parallel execution. The problem from a compiler standpoint is: given a multiprocessor architecture, an application, and a domain decomposition algorithm, how should the code and data be structured to achieve high performance? In this paper, we consider the problem of optimizing irregular applications for a cache-coherent multiprocessor system, such as the KSR1. The techniques are demonstrated in the context of a specific sparse matrix application and can be generalized to a wide range of irregular numerical applications and possibly be implemented in a compiler/runtime environment. Considerable performance improvement can be obtained by partitioning using RSB, a domain decomposition scheme, and we show that further improvements are attainable by using data reordering to pack communicated data into cache lines and thereby reduce cache coherency traffic. Blocking is widely used to reduce uniprocessor capacity misses; we use the domain decomposition scheme to block sparse applications to reduce capacity misses from the first-level caches of the KSR1 multiprocessor system. This paper details our restructuring techniques and provides experimental results on the KSR1 multiprocessor. The experimental results include counts of cache misses provided by the KSR PMON performance monitoring tool."
Download or read book Multiprocessor System Architectures written by Ben J. Catanzaro and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1994 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an overview of SPARC architecture, including architecture conformance, semi-conductor technology scalability, multiprocessor support, as well as system level resources, SPARC multi-level Bus architectures--MBus and XBus, multiprocessor system design and simulation, and multiprocessor software. Geared to engineers and engineering professionals who want to understand the various architectural components, both hardware and software from Sun Microsystems.
Download or read book Design and Analysis of Update Based Cache Coherence Protocols for Scalable Shared Memory Multiprocessors written by David Brian Glasco and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overall, this work demonstrates that update-based protocols can be used not only as a coherence mechanism, but also as a latency reducing and tolerating technique to improve the performance of a set of fine-grain scientific applications. But as with other latency reducing techniques, such as data prefetch, the technique must be used with an understanding of its consequences.
Download or read book Cache Memory Design and Performance Issues in Shared memory Multiprocessors written by Farnaz Mounes-Toussi and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Embedded Multiprocessor System on Chip for Access Network Processing written by Mohamed Bamakhrama and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2007 in the subject Computer Science - Applied, grade: 1.0, Technical University of Munich (Institute for Informatics), 82 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Multicore systems are dominating the processor market; they enable the increase in computing power of a single chip in proportion to the Moore's law-driven increase in number of transistors. A similar evolution is observed in the system-on-chip (SoC) market through the emergence of multi-processor SoC (MPSoC) designs. Nevertheless, MPSoCs introduce some challenges to the system architects concerning the efficient design of memory hierarchies and system interconnects while maintaining the low power and cost constraints. In this master thesis, I try to address some of these challenges: namely, non-cache coherent DMA transfers in MPSoCs, low instruction cache utilization by OS codes, and factors governing the system throughput in MPSoC designs. These issues are investigated using the empirical and simulation approaches. Empirical studies are conducted on the Danube platform. Danube is a commercial MPSoC platform that is based on two 32-bit MIPS cores and developed by Infineon Technologies AG for deployment in access network processing equipments such as integrated access devices, customer premises equipments, and home gateways. Simulation-based studies are conducted on a system based on the ARM MPCore architecture. Achievements include the successful implementation and testing of novel hardware and software solutions for improving the performance of non-cache coherent DMA transfers in MPSoCs. Several techniques for reducing the instruction cache miss rate are investigated and applied. Finally, a qualitative analysis of the impact of instruction reuse, number of cores, and memory bandwidth on the system throughput in MPSoC systems is presented.
Download or read book An Implementation of a Predictable Cache coherent Multi core System written by Paulos Tegegn and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-core platforms have entered the realm of the embedded systems to meet the ever growing performance requirements of the real-time embedded applications. Real-time applications leverage the hardware parallelism from multi-cores while keeping the hardware cost minimum. However, when the real-time tasks are deployed on the multi-core platforms, they experience interference due to sharing of hardware resources such as shared bus, last level cache, and main memory. As a result, it complicates computing the worst-case execution time of the real-time tasks. In this thesis, I present a hardware prototype that implements a predictable cache-coherent real-time multi-core system. The designed hardware follows the design guidelines outlined in the predictable cache coherence protocol. The hardware uses a latency insensitive interfaces to integrate the multi-core components such as the processor, cache controller, and interconnecting bus. The prototyped multi-core hardware is synthesized and implemented in a low-cost and high-performing FPGA board. The hardware is validated and verified on a tethered system that enables the design to run multi-threaded pthread applications.
Download or read book Design and Analysis of High Performance Cache Memories for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems written by Gunjan K. Sinha and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design and coherency of cache memory systems in tightly coupled multiprocessors written by Melvin Patrick Schrader and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
