Download or read book Depiction of Priority Light Vehicle Pre Crash Scenarios for Safety Applications Based on Vehicle to Vehicle Communications written by Wassim G. Najm and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A template of pre-crash scenarios is presented to depict national crash statistics and kinematic information of time-to-collision for the design of appropriate crash countermeasures based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. This template serves the development of functional requirements, performance specifications, test procedures, and benefits estimation for potential light-vehicle V2V safety applications. A set of ten pre-crash scenarios is suggested as a priority list to be addressed by V2V technology for light vehicles (i.e., passenger cars, vans and minivans, sport utility vehicles, and light pickup trucks with gross vehicle weight ratings of 10,000 pounds or less). This report presents the time-to-collision equations as well as the crash statistics for each of the ten priority scenarios based on data available in the General Estimates System, National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey, and Event Data Recorder databases.

Download or read book Description of Light Vehicle Pre Crash Scenarios for Safety Applications Based on Vehicle to Vehicle Communications written by Wassim Najm and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes pre-crash scenarios that might be addressed by vehicle-to-vehicle communications. The focus is on crashes involving at least 1 light vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds or less. The 2004-2008 General Estimates System crash databases were used to quantify the societal cost and describe the driving environment, driver characteristics, and crash contributing factors. The National Motor Vehicle Crash Causation Survey was queried to statistically portray crash causal factors. Data from Event Data Recorders drawn from model year 2000-2007 vehicles were analyzed to describe the kinematics of pre-crash scenarios in terms of travel speed, brake application, and deceleration level over a period of five seconds before the crash. Most crashes occurred on straight roads, dry surfaces, in clear weather, and during daylight hours.

Download or read book The Enemy of Good written by Nidhi Kalra and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How safe should highly automated vehicles (HAVs) be before they are allowed on the roads for consumer use? In this report, RAND researchers use the RAND Model of Automated Vehicle Safety to compare road fatalities over time under a policy that allows HAVs to be deployed when their safety performance is just moderately better than human drivers and a policy that waits to deploy HAVs only once their performance is nearly perfect.

Download or read book Testing Software and Systems written by David Clark and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-09 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 33rd IFIP WG 6.1 International Conference on Testing Software and Systems, ICTSS 2021, which was supposed to be held in London, UK, but was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 10 regular papers and 7 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. Additionally, the volume includes 6 project reports. The papers are divided into the following topical subheadings: Finite State Machine-based Testing; Test Generation and Selection; AI-based Techniques; Use Cases; Project Reports.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management written by Jiuping Xu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-25 with total page 1795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings book is divided in 2 Volumes and 8 Parts. Part I is dedicated to Decision Support System, which is about the information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities; Part II is on Computing Methodology, which is always used to provide the most effective algorithm for numerical solutions of various modeling problems; Part III presents Information Technology, which is the application of computers to store, study, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, or information in the context of a business or other enterprise; Part IV is dedicated to Data Analysis, which is a process of inspecting, cleansing, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, suggesting conclusions, and supporting decision-making; Part V presents papers on Operational Management, which is about the plan, organization, implementation and control of the operation process; Part VI is on Project Management, which is about the initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing the work of a team to achieve specific goals and meet specific success criteria at the specified time in the field of engineering; Part VII presents Green Supply Chain, which is about the management of the flow of goods and services based on the concept of “low-carbon”; Part VIII is focused on Industry Strategy Management, which refers to the decision-making and management art of an industry or organization in a long-term and long-term development direction, objectives, tasks and policies, as well as resource allocation.

Download or read book Light Vehicle Crash Avoidance Needs and Countermeasure Profiles for Safety Applications Based on Vehicle to vehicle Communications written by National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses light-vehicle crash countermeasure profiles and functions for five target pre-crash scenario groups based on vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications. Target pre-crash scenario groups include rear-end, lane change, opposite direction, junction crossing, and left turn across path from opposite direction (LTAP/OD) crashes involving at least one light vehicle (e.g., passenger car, van, minivan, sport utility vehicle, or light pickup truck with a gross vehicle weight rating of 10,000 pounds orless). There are 10 pre-crash scenarios in these groups to be addressed by V2V-based crash countermeasures. Kinematic equations are presented for the time-to-collision and avoidance maneuvers to identify information needs for these crash countermeasures. Information needs are translated into countermeasure functional requirements based on relevant safety applications devised in two prior research projects dealing with cooperative V2V communications and autonomous vehicle-based sensing systems. This report identifies two target pre-crash scenarios that would require new safety applications not developed in prior projects, including the LTAP/OD and “opposite direction/no vehicle maneuver” pre-crash scenarios.

Download or read book Development of Crash Imminent Test Scenarios for Integrated Vehicle Based Safety Systems IVBSS written by Wassim Najm and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2007 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report identifies crash imminent test scenarios based on common pre-crash scenarios for integrated vehicle-based safety systems that alert the driver of a light vehicle or a heavy truck to an impending rear-end, lane change, or run-off-road crash. Pre-crash scenarios describe vehicle movements and critical events immediately prior to the crash. The General Estimates System (GES) crash database was queried to distinguish common pre-crash scenarios for light vehicles (2003 GES) and heavy trucks (2000-2003 GES) in terms of their frequency of occurrence. Analysis of two-vehicle rear-end crashes revealed four dominant scenarios that accounted for 97 percent of light-vehicle crashes and 95 percent of heavy-truck crashes in which the subject vehicle was striking. Four scenarios were also identified from an analysis of two-vehicle lane change crashes, comprising 65 percent of light-vehicle crashes and 76 percent of heavy-truck crashes in which the subject vehicle was encroaching onto another vehicle in adjacent lanes. There were five single-vehicle, run-off-road scenarios representing 63 percent of light-vehicle crashes and 83 percent of heavy-truck crashes, excluding crashes caused by vehicle failure or evasive maneuver. An additional set of scenarios is proposed to address multiple threats from near simultaneous critical events. This report also provides a statistical description of individual scenarios in terms of their environmental factors, roadway geometry, and speed conditions.

Download or read book Visible Light Communication written by Suseela Vappangi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-08-11 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of visible light communication (VLC) has diverse applications to the end user including streaming audio, video, high-speed data browsing, voice over internet and online gaming. This comprehensive textbook discusses fundamental aspects, research activities and modulation techniques in the field of VLC. Visible Light Communication: A Comprehensive Theory and Applications with MATLAB® discusses topics including line of sight (LOS) propagation model, non-line of sight (NLOS) propagation model, carrier less amplitude and phase modulation, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO), non-linearities of optical sources, orthogonal frequency-division multiple access, non-orthogonal multiple access and single-carrier frequency-division multiple access in depth. Primarily written for senior undergraduate and graduate students in the field of electronics and communication engineering for courses on optical wireless communication and VLC, this book: Provides up-to-date literature in the field of VLC Presents MATLAB codes and simulations to help readers understand simulations Discusses applications of VLC in enabling vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication Covers topics including radio frequency (RF) based wireless communications and VLC Presents modulation formats along with the derivations of probability of error expressions pertaining to different variants of optical OFDM

Download or read book Pre Crash Scenario Typology for Crash Avoidance Research written by Wassim G. Najm and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2007-04-30 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report defines a new pre-crash scenario typology for crash avoidance research based on the 2004 General Estimates System (GES) crash database, which consists of pre-crash scenarios depicting vehicle movements and dynamics as well as the critical event immediately prior to a crash. This typology establishes a common vehicle safety research foundation for public and private organizations, which will allow researchers to determine which traffic safety issues should be of first priority to investigate and to develop concomitant crash avoidance systems. Its main objectives are to identify all common pre-crash scenarios of all police-reported crashes involving at least one light vehicle (i.e., passenger car, sports utility vehicle, van, minivan, and light pickup truck); quantify their severity in terms of frequency of occurrence, economic cost, and functional years lost; portray each scenario by crash contributing factors and circumstances in terms of the driving environment, driver, and vehicle; and provide nationally representative crash statistics that can be annually updated using national crash databases such as GES. This new typology includes 37 pre-crash scenarios accounting for approximately 5,942,000 police-reported light-vehicle crashes, an estimated economic cost of 120 billion dollars, and 2,767,000 functional years lost. These statistics do not incorporate data from non-police-reported crashes.

Download or read book Computer Safety Reliability and Security written by Amund Skavhaug and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of four workshops co-located with SAFECOMP 2016, the 35th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security, held in Trondheim, Norway, in September 2016. The 30 revised full papers presented together with 4 short and 5 invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. This year’s workshop are: ASSURE 2016 - Assurance Cases for Software-intensive Systems; DECSoS 2016 - EWICS/ERCIM/ARTEMIS Dependable Cyber-physical Systems and Systems-of-Systems Workshop; SASSUR 2016 - Next Generation of System Assurance Approaches for Safety-Critical Systems; and TIPS 2016 – Timing Performance in Safety Engineering.

Download or read book Analysis of Light Vehicle Crashes and Pre crash Scenarios Based on the 2000 General Estimates System written by Wassim G. Najm and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2003-02-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report analyzes the problem of light vehicle crashes in the United States to support the development and assessment of effective crash avoidance systems as part of the U.S. Department of Transportation's Intelligent Vehicle Initiative. The analysis was conducted using data from the 2000 National Automotive Sampling/General Estimates System crash database of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Light vehicle (passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, vans, and pickup trucks) crashes are analyzed in terms of their major crash types, physical setting, and concomitant pre-crash scenarios. In 2000, light vehicle crashes accounted for 6,133,000 or 96 percent of all police-reported (PR) crashes on U.S. roadways. About 96 percent of all PR crashes belong to nine known major crash types: rear-end, crossing paths, off-roadway, lane change, opposite direction, pedestrian, pedalcyclist, animal, and backing. The examination of the physical setting of major crash types shows that about 40 percent of all PR light vehicle crashes happened away from junctions, 25 percent of all PR light vehicle crashes were reported to occur at intersections, and 20 percent of the crashes were related to intersections. The 9 major crash types consist mainly of 55 specific and dominant pre-crash scenarios. These scenarios yielded a top 11 list of major pre-crash scenarios, which represent a new crash taxonomy that covers 4,275,000 (70 percent) of all PR light vehicle crashes.

Download or read book Intelligent Cyber Physical Systems for Autonomous Transportation written by Sahil Garg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-27 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive discussion on key topics related to the usage and deployment of AI in urban transportation systems including drones. The book presents intelligent solutions to overcome the challenges of static approaches in the transportation sector to make them intelligent, adaptive, agile, and flexible. The book showcases different AI-deployment models, algorithms, and implementations related to intelligent cyber physical systems (CPS) along with their pros and cons. Even more, this book provides deep insights into the CPS specifically about the layered architecture and different planes, interfaces, and programmable network operations. The deployment models for AI-based CPS are also included with an aim towards the design of interoperable and intelligent CPS architectures by researchers in future. The authors present hands on practical implementations, deployment scenarios, and use cases related to different transportation scenarios. In the end, the design and research challenges, open issues, and future research directions are provided.

Download or read book Development of Collision Avoidance Data for Light Vehicles written by Marco daSilva and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2006 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the results of an analysis effort undertaken to address the following research question: What sensor(s) can be cost effectively added to vehicles on a wide scale to significantly improve our understanding and modeling of naturalistic near-crash/pre-crash driver performance? Current sensor and computer technology allows for the efficient collection and storage of driver and vehicle performance data on board vehicles. Crash data recorders or black boxes exist today on many vehicles though they are limited in number of recorded parameters and storage capacity. However, their capability is increasing. Recent field operational tests of advanced-technology crash avoidance systems and naturalistic driving data collection efforts have employed comprehensive data acquisition systems to characterize driver and vehicle performance as well as the driving environment. These projects gathered data on driver exposure to various environmental factors and on driver encounters with driving conflicts, near-crashes, and actual crashes. Unfortunately, the in-vehicle data acquisition packages in these projects cost over $10,000 per vehicle. It would be advantageous to build and install a very small, inexpensive package under $1,000 in a vehicle fleet of 5,000 or more. The presence of low-cost near-crash/crash event data recorders (EDRs) on thousands of vehicles would enable a more accurate assessment of safety benefits for intelligent vehicle crash avoidance technologies, and would greatly improve the quality of data in national crash databases such as the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) Crashworthiness Data System (CDS) and General Estimates System (GES).

Download or read book Status Report on Priority Programs written by United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Framework for Quality of Service in Vehicle to Pedestrian Safety Communication written by Parag Sewalkar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pedestrians and bicyclists, also known as Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs), are one of the weakest components of Intelligent Transportation Systems from a safety perspective. However, with the advent of new communication technologies, VRU protection may no longer be dependent solely on the vehicle’s safety systems. VRUs may share their location information with the surrounding vehicles to increase awareness of their presence. Such communication among vehicles and VRUs is referred to as Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) communication. Although the V2P system may be built upon the existing Vehicle-to-Vehicle communication system, it has its own set of challenges, such as different VRU mobility characteristics, energy-constrained devices, and VRU density. Therefore, there needs to be a V2P system model which is adapted to the VRU characteristics. This dissertation tackles this challenge by proposing a framework that enables scalability, reliability, and energy efficiency for VRU communication.

Download or read book Vehicle Safety Communications written by Tao Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-04 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an up-to-date, in-depth look at the current research, design, and implementation of cooperative vehicle safety communication protocols and technology Improving traffic safety has been a top concern for transportation agencies around the world and the focus of heavy research and development efforts sponsored by both governments and private industries. Cooperative vehicle systems—which use sensors and wireless technologies to reduce traffic accidents—can play a major role in making the world's roads safer. Vehicle Safety Communications: Protocols, Security, and Privacy describes fundamental issues in cooperative vehicle safety and recent advances in technologies for enabling cooperative vehicle safety. It gives an overview of traditional vehicle safety issues, the evolution of vehicle safety technologies, and the need for cooperative systems where vehicles work together to reduce the number of crashes or mitigate damage when crashes become unavoidable. Authored by two top industry professionals, the book: Summarizes the history and current status of 5.9 GHz Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) technology and standardization, discussing key issues in applying DSRC to support cooperative vehicle safety Features an in-depth overview of on-board equipment (OBE) and roadside equipment (RSE) by describing sample designs to illustrate the key issues and potential solutions Takes on security and privacy protection requirements and challenges, including how to design privacy-preserving digital certificate management systems and how to evict misbehaving vehicles Includes coverage of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications like intersection collision avoidance applications and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications like extended electronic brake lights and intersection movement assist Vehicle Safety Communications is ideal for anyone working in the areas of—or studying—cooperative vehicle safety and vehicle communications.

Download or read book V2V V21 Communications for Improved Road Safety and Efficiency written by Ronald K. Jurgen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: