Download or read book Demand Side Load Control in Residential Buildings with HVAC Controller for Demand Response written by Ji Hoon Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand Response (DR) is a key factor to increase the efficiency of the power grid and has the potential to facilitate supply-demand balance. Demand side load control can contribute to reduce electricity consumption through DR programs. Especially, Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) load is one of the major contributors to peak loads. In the United States, HVAC systems are the largest consumers of electrical energy and a major contributor to peak demand. In this research, the Dynamic Demand Response Controller (DDRC) is proposed to reduce peak load as well as saves electricity cost while maintaining reasonable thermal comfort by controlling HVAC system. To reduce both peak load and energy cost, DDRC controls the set-point temperature in a thermostat depending on real-time price of electricity. Residential buildings are modeled with various internal loads using building energy modeling tools. The weather data in different climate zones are used to demonstrate that DDRC decreases peak loads and brings economic benefit in various locations. In addition, two different types of electricity wholesale markets are used to generate DR signals. To assess the performance of DDRC, the control algorithms are improved to consider the characteristics of building envelopes and HVAC equipment. Also, DDRC is designed to be deployed in various areas with different electricity wholesale markets. The indoor thermal comfort on temperature and humidity are considered based on ASHRAE standard 55. Finally, DDRC is developed to a hardware using embedded system. The hardware of DDRC is based on Advanced RISC Microcontroller (ARM) processor and senses both indoor and outdoor environment with Internet connection capability for DR. In addition, user friendly Graphic User Interface (GUI) is generated to control DDRC.
Download or read book Demand Response Enabled Model Predictive HVAC Load Control in Buildings Using Real Time Electricity Pricing written by Mesut Avci and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical cost and energy efficient model predictive control (MPC) strategy is proposed for HVAC load control under dynamic real-time electricity pricing. The MPC strategy is built based on a proposed model that jointly minimizes the total energy consumption and hence, cost of electricity for the user, and the deviation of the inside temperature from the consumer's preference. An algorithm that assigns temperature set-points (reference temperatures) to price ranges based on the consumer's discomfort tolerance index is developed. A practical parameter prediction model is also designed for mapping between the HVAC load and the inside temperature. The prediction model and the produced temperature set-points are integrated as inputs into the MPC controller, which is then used to generate signal actions for the AC unit. To investigate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a simulation based experimental analysis is presented using real-life pricing data. An actual prototype for the proposed HVAC load control strategy is then built and a series of prototype experiments are conducted similar to the simulation studies. The experiments reveal that the MPC strategy can lead to significant reductions in overall energy consumption and cost savings for the consumer. Results suggest that by providing an efficient response strategy for the consumers, the proposed MPC strategy can enable the utility providers to adopt efficient demand management policies using real-time pricing. Finally, a cost-benefit analysis is performed to display the economic feasibility of implementing such a controller as part of a building energy management system, and the payback period is identified considering cost of prototype build and cost savings to help the adoption of this controller in the building HVAC control industry.
Download or read book Advanced Controls and Communications for Demand Response AndEnergy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings written by Mary Ann Piette and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commercial buildings account for a large portion of summer peak demand. Research results show that there is significant potential to reduce peak demand in commercial buildings through advanced control technologies and strategies. However, a better understanding of commercial building's contribution to peak demand and the use of energy management and control systems is required to develop this demand response resource to its full potential. This paper discusses recent research results and new opportunities for advanced building control systems to provide demand response (DR) to improve electricity markets and reduce electric grid problems. The main focus of this paper is the role of new and existing control systems for HVAC and lighting in commercial buildings. A demand-side management framework from building operations perspective with three main features: daily energy efficiency, daily peak load management and event driven, dynamic demand response is presented. A general description of DR, its benefits, and nationwide potential in commercial buildings is outlined. Case studies involving energy management and control systems and DR savings opportunities are presented. The paper also describes results from three years of research in California to automate DR in buildings. Case study results and research on advanced buildings systems in New York are also presented.
Download or read book Demand Response enabled Autonomous Control for Interior Space Conditioning in Residential Buildings written by Xue Chen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 2014 Saudi Arabia Smart Grid Conference SASG written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coordination of Demand Side Flexibility in Power Distribution Systems written by Mohammad Ostadijafari and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidly transforming electric power grid faces unprecedented challenges due to misaligned infrastructure, alternative energy sources, and high aggregate peak time usage. Considering this issue, the power systems community has widely recognized the value of demand response (DR) resources in improving the operational efficiency of the emerging power grid. However, a vast majority of engagement from customers remains untapped. This dissertation develops enablers for encouraging a higher level of demand-side participation in the power distribution systems. Towards this goal, we make the following four major contributions in this dissertation. First, we develop a controller for the buildings' energy management. The controller minimizes the net energy cost usage by scheduling the energy consumption of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system and employing heterogeneous energy supply sources such as battery energy storage system (BESS) while satisfying the comfort level of the building's occupants in a computationally tractable manner. A robust HVAC system controller is also proposed to obtain optimal control actions in the presence of the model uncertainties and disturbances. Second, we design amenable Critical Peak Rebate (CPR) contracts for residential customers to incentivize their participation in DR programs. These contracts allow the energy provider a short-term direct load control of individual HVAC systems in exchange for monetary incentives. Our contact design algorithm maximizes the utility of the energy provider while simultaneously satisfying customers' energy usage preferences. Third, we propose an approach for the profit-seeking load-serving entity (LSE) to bid the aggregated demand flexibility into the wholesale market. The proposed approach considers the heterogeneity of DR resources and the distribution system's operating constraints in the LSE's bidding process. The goal is to maximize the expected revenue of the LSE by scheduling DR resources when constructing economic bids for the day-ahead wholesale market. Fourth, we present a comprehensive study of the centralized and transactive coordination mechanisms for supply and demand resources at the distribution system level. These coordination methods are compared using different metrics under several test scenarios. The economic impacts of these approaches on different market participants and the wholesale market are detailed.
Download or read book The Smart Grid written by Clark W. Gellings and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The power system has often been cited as the greatest and most complex machine ever built, yet it is predominantly a mechanical system. Technologies and intelligent systems are now available that can significantly enhance the overall functionality of power distribution and make it ready to meet the needs of the 21st century. This book explains how sensors, communications technologies, computational ability, control, and feedback mechanisms can be effectively combined to create this new, continually adjusting "smart grid" system. It provides an understanding of both IntelliGridSM architecture and EnergyPortSM as well as how to integrate intelligent systems to achieve the goals of reliability, cost containment, energy efficiency in power production and delivery, and end-use energy efficiency.
Download or read book Advances in Energy System Optimization written by Valentin Bertsch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers presented in this volume address diverse challenges in energy systems, ranging from operational to investment planning problems, from market economics to technical and environmental considerations, from distribution grids to transmission grids and from theoretical considerations to data provision concerns and applied case studies. The International Symposium on Energy System Optimization (ISESO) was held on November 9th and 10th 2015 at the Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS) and was organized by HITS, Heidelberg University and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.
Download or read book Control and Communication for Demand Response with Thermostatically Controlled Loads written by Kai Ma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-11 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on control and communication for demand response with thermostatically controlled loads. This is achieved by providing in-depth study on a number of major topics such as load control, optimization strategies, communication network model, resource allocation methods, system design, implementation, and performance evaluation. Two major cost modeling methods are established in detail, which are cost modeling based on Taguchi Loss Function and cost modeling based on regulation errors. The comprehensive and systematic treatment of issues in optimization strategies and resource allocation for demand response are one of the major features of the book, which is particularly suited for readers who are interested to learn solutions in control and communication. The book can benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in fields of control theory, automation, communication engineering and economics, etc.
Download or read book Active Building Energy Systems written by Vahid Vahidinasab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive study on state-of-the-art developments in the control, operation, and market participation of active buildings (ABs). Active buildings can support the broader energy system by intelligent integration of renewable-based energy technologies for heating, cooling, electricity, and transport. This important reference analyzes the key features of modern control and operation techniques applied to these systems. Contributions from an international team of experts present practical methods with evidence and case studies from applications to real-world or simulated active buildings. Sample computer codes and analytical examples aid in the understanding of the presented methods. The book will support researchers working on the control and operation of buildings as an energy system, smart cities and smart grids, and microgrids, as well as researchers and developers from the building and energy engineering, economic, and operation research fields. Provides an in-depth review of building-level energy systems technologies; Covers codes, standards, and requirements for active building control systems; Includes sample computer code and analytical examples.
Download or read book The Potential for Mandatory Direct Load Control of Residential Air Conditioning written by Michael Schulte and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Building Automation written by Hermann Merz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern buildings are increasingly equipped with actuators and sensors, communication, visualization and control systems. This textbook provides an overview of industrial communication systems and stimulates a basic understanding of network and bus systems for the automation of buildings. After an introduction to EIB/KNX, LON und BACnet technologies, the authors illustrate how these systems can be utilized for specific applications, like air conditioning or illumination. This book assumes only a basic knowledge of mathematics and thanks to its simple explanations and many examples is ideal for students and professional engineers who require practical solutions.
Download or read book Demand Response in Smart Grids written by Pengwei Du and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-02 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first of its kind to comprehensively describe the principles of demand response. This allows consumers to play a significant role in the operation of the electric grid by reducing or shifting their electricity usage in response to the grid reliability need, time-based rates or other forms of financial incentives. The main contents of the book include modeling of demand response resources, incentive design, scheduling and dispatch algorithms, and impacts on grid operation and planning. Through case studies and illustrative examples, the authors highlight and compare the advantages, disadvantages and benefits that demand response can have on grid operations and electricity market efficiency. First book of its kind to introduce the principles of demand response; Combines theory with real-world applications useful for both professionals and academic researchers; Covers demand response in the context of power system applications.
Download or read book Wireless Demand Response Controls for HVAC Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this scoping study were to develop and test control software and wireless hardware that could enable closed-loop, zone-temperature-based demand response in buildings that have either pneumatic controls or legacy digital controls that cannot be used as part of a demand response automation system. We designed a SOAP client that is compatible with the Demand Response Automation Server (DRAS) being used by the IOUs in California for their CPP program, design the DR control software, investigated the use of cellular routers for connecting to the DRAS, and tested the wireless DR system with an emulator running a calibrated model of a working building. The results show that the wireless DR system can shed approximately 1.5 Watts per design CFM on the design day in a hot, inland climate in California while keeping temperatures within the limits of ASHRAE Standard 55: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.
Download or read book Smart Buildings Smart Communities and Demand Response written by Denia Kolokotsa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-01-05 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on near-zero energy buildings (NZEBs), smart communities and microgrids. In this context, demand response (DR) is associated with significant environmental and economic benefits when looking at how electricity grids, communities and buildings can operate optimally. In DR, the consumer becomes a prosumer with an important active role in the exchange of energy on an hourly basis. DR is gradually gaining ground with respect to the reduction of peak loads, grid balancing and dealing with the volatility of renewable energy sources (RES). This transition calls for high environmental awareness and new tools or services that will improve the dynamic as well as secure multidirectional exchange of energy and data. Overall, DR is identified as an important field for technological and market innovations aligned with climate change mitigation policies and the transition to sustainable smart grids in the foreseeable future. Smart Buildings, Smart Communities and Demand Response provides an insight into various intrinsic aspects of DR potential, at the building and the community level.
Download or read book Distributed Sensing and Controlling of Residential HVAC Systems for Thermal Comfort Demand Response and Reduced Annual Energy Consumption written by Anna May LaRue and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Control and Optimization Methods for Electric Smart Grids written by Aranya Chakrabortty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-16 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, leading experts in power, control and communication systems discuss the most promising recent research in smart grid modeling, control and optimization. The book goes on to the foundation for future advances in this critical field of study.
