Download or read book Defect Modulation Doping for Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials written by Getnet Kacha Deyu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metal Oxide Defects written by Vijay Kumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-19 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide Defects: Fundamentals, Design, Development and Applications provides a broad perspective on the development of advanced experimental techniques to study defects and their chemical activity and catalytic reactivity in various metal oxides. This book highlights advances in characterization and analytical techniques to achieve better understanding of a wide range of defects, most importantly, state-of-the-art methodologies for controlling defects. The book provides readers with pathways to apply basic principles and interpret the behavior of metal oxides. After reviewing characterization and analytical techniques, the book focuses on the relationship of defects to the properties and performance of metal oxides. Finally, there is a review of the methods to control defects and the applications of defect engineering for the design of metal oxides for applications in optoelectronics, energy, sensing, and more. This book is a key reference for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, and physicists. - Reviews advances in characterization and analytical techniques to understand the behavior of defects in metal oxide materials - Introduces defect engineering applied to the design of metal oxide materials with desirable properties - Discusses applications of defect engineering to enhance the performance of materials for a wide range of applications, with an emphasis on optoelectronics
Download or read book Understanding the Enhanced Mobility of Solution Processed Metal Oxide Thin Film Transistors Having High k Gate Dielectrics written by Andre Zeumault and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primarily used as transparent electrodes in solar-cells, more recently, physical vapor deposited (PVD) transparent conductive oxide (TCO) materials (e.g. ZnO, In2O3 and SnO2) also serve as the active layer in thin-film transistor (TFT) technology for modern liquidcrystal displays. Relative to a-Si:H and organic TFTs, commercial TCO TFTs have reduced off-state leakage and higher on-state currents. Additionally, since they are transparent, they have the added potential to enable fully transparent TFTs which can potentially improve the power efficiency of existing displays. In addition to PVD, solution-processing is an alternative route to the production of displays and other large-area electronics. The primary advantage of solution-processing is in the ability to deposit materials at reduced-temperatures on lower-cost substrates (e.g. glass, plastics, paper, metal foils) at high speeds and over large areas. The versatility offered by solution-processing is unlike any conventional deposition process making it a highly attractive emergent technology. Unfortunately, the benefits of solution-processing are often overshadowed by a dramatic reduction in material quality relative to films produced by conventional PVD methods. Consequently, there is a need to develop methods that improve the electronic performance of solution-processed materials. Ideally, this goal can be met while maintaining relatively low processing temperatures so as to ensure compatibility with low-cost roll-compatible substrates. Mobility is a commonly used metric for assessing the electronic performance of semiconductors in terms of charge transport. It is commonly observed that TCO materials exhibit significantly higher field-effect mobility when used in conjunction with high-k gate dielectrics (10 to 100 cm2 V−1 s −1 ) as opposed to conventional thermally-grown SiO2 (0.1 to 20 cm2 V−1 s −1 ). Despite the large amount of empirical data documenting this bizarre effect, its physical ori- 2 gin is poorly understood. In this work, the interaction between semiconductor TCO films and high-k dielectrics is studied with the goal of developing a theory explaining the observed mobility enhancement. Electrical investigation suggests that the mobility enhancement is due to an effective doping of the TCO by the high-k dielectric, facilitated by donor-like defect states inadvertently introduced into the dielectric during processing. The effect these states have on electron transport in the TCO is assessed based on experimental data and electrostatic simulations and is found to correlate with negative aspects of TFT behavior (e.g. frequency dispersion, gate leakage, hysteresis, and poor bias stability). Based on these findings, we demonstrate the use of an improved device structure, analogous to the concept of modulation doping, which uses the high-k dielectric film as an encapsulate, rather than a gate-dielectric, to achieve a similar doping effect. In doing so, the enhanced mobility of the TCO/high-k interface is retained while simultaneously eliminating the negative drawbacks associated with the presence of charged defects in the gate dielectrics (e.g. frequency dispersion, gate leakage, hysteresis, and poor bias stability). This demonstrates improved understanding of the role of solution-processed high-k dielectrics in field-effect devices as well as provides a practical method to overcome the performance degradation incurred through the use of low-temperature solution-processed TCOs.
Download or read book Handbook of Modern Coating Technologies written by Mahmood Aliofkhazraei and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-03-06 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Modern Coating Technologies: Application and Development reviews recent applications and developments of modern coating technologies. The topics in this volume consist of role of antibacterial coatings in the development of biomaterials, insights of technologies for self-healing organic coatings, sensor applications, application of carbon nanotubes–based coating in the field of art conservation, oxide-based self-cleaning and corrosion-protective coatings, protective coatings for wood, applications of optical coatings on spectral selective structures, application of natural antimicrobial coating for controlling foodborne pathogens on meat and fresh produce, efficacy of antimicrobial coating in reducing pathogens on meat, composite membrane: fabrication, characterization, and applications, development of nanostructured HVOF coatings on high strength steel components for turbine blades, nanoscale multilayered composite coating, applications of sol–gel coatings, application of graphene in protective coating industry, application of coatings in outdoor high-voltage installations, defects and doping effects in thin films of transparent and conductive oxides, and functional coatings for lab-on-a-chip systems based on phospholipid polymers.
Download or read book Electronic Structure and Doping of P Type Transparent Conducting Oxides written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are a group of materials that are widely used in solar cells and other optoelectronic devices. Recently, Cu-containing p-type TCOs such as MII Cu2 O2 (MIII=Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) and CuMIII O2 (MIII=Al, Ga, In) have been proposed. Using first-principles band structure methods, we have systematically studied the electronic and optical properties of these p-type transparent oxides. For MII Cu2 O2, we predict that adding a small amount of Ca into Sr Cu2 O2 can increase the transparency and conductivity. For CuMIII O2, we explained the doping and band gap anomalies in this system and proposed a new approach to search for bipolar dopable wide-gap materials.
Download or read book Hard X ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy HAXPES written by Joseph Woicik and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first complete and up-to-date summary of the state of the art in HAXPES and motivates readers to harness its powerful capabilities in their own research. The chapters are written by experts. They include historical work, modern instrumentation, theory and applications. This book spans from physics to chemistry and materials science and engineering. In consideration of the rapid development of the technique, several chapters include highlights illustrating future opportunities as well.
Download or read book Handbook of Transparent Conductors written by David S. Ginley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-11 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent conducting materials are key elements in a wide variety of current technologies including flat panel displays, photovoltaics, organic, low-e windows and electrochromics. The needs for new and improved materials is pressing, because the existing materials do not have the performance levels to meet the ever- increasing demand, and because some of the current materials used may not be viable in the future. In addition, the field of transparent conductors has gone through dramatic changes in the last 5-7 years with new materials being identified, new applications and new people in the field. “Handbook of Transparent Conductors” presents transparent conductors in a historical perspective, provides current applications as well as insights into the future of the devices. It is a comprehensive reference, and represents the most current resource on the subject.
Download or read book Transparent Electronics written by Antonio Facchetti and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The challenge for producing “invisible” electronic circuitry and opto-electronic devices is that the transistor materials must be transparent to visible light yet have good carrier mobilities. This requires a special class of materials having “contra-indicated properties” because from the band structure point of view, the combination of transparency and conductivity is contradictory. Structured to strike a balance between introductory and advanced topics, this monograph juxtaposes fundamental science and technology / application issues, and essential materials characteristics versus device architecture and practical applications. The first section is devoted to fundamental materials compositions and their properties, including transparent conducting oxides, transparent oxide semiconductors, p-type wide-band-gap semiconductors, and single-wall carbon nanotubes. The second section deals with transparent electronic devices including thin-film transistors, photovoltaic cells, integrated electronic circuits, displays, sensors, solar cells, and electro-optic devices. Describing scientific fundamentals and recent breakthroughs such as the first “invisible” transistor, Transparent Electronics: From Synthesis to Applications brings together world renowned experts from both academia, national laboratories, and industry.
Download or read book Molecular Beam Epitaxy written by Mohamed Henini and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multi-contributor handbook discusses Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), an epitaxial deposition technique which involves laying down layers of materials with atomic thicknesses on to substrates. It summarizes MBE research and application in epitaxial growth with close discussion and a 'how to' on processing molecular or atomic beams that occur on a surface of a heated crystalline substrate in a vacuum.MBE has expanded in importance over the past thirty years (in terms of unique authors, papers and conferences) from a pure research domain into commercial applications (prototype device structures and more at the advanced research stage). MBE is important because it enables new device phenomena and facilitates the production of multiple layered structures with extremely fine dimensional and compositional control. The techniques can be deployed wherever precise thin-film devices with enhanced and unique properties for computing, optics or photonics are required. This book covers the advances made by MBE both in research and mass production of electronic and optoelectronic devices. It includes new semiconductor materials, new device structures which are commercially available, and many more which are at the advanced research stage. - Condenses fundamental science of MBE into a modern reference, speeding up literature review - Discusses new materials, novel applications and new device structures, grounding current commercial applications with modern understanding in industry and research - Coverage of MBE as mass production epitaxial technology enhances processing efficiency and throughput for semiconductor industry and nanostructured semiconductor materials research community
Download or read book Oxide Semiconductors Volume 1633 written by Steve Durbin and published by Materials Research Society. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Symposium R, "Oxide Semiconductors" was held December 1-6 at the 2013 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts. Oxide semiconductors are poised to take a more active role in modern electronics, particularly in the field of thin film transistors. While many advances have been made in terms of our understanding of fundamental optical and electronic characteristics, there remain many questions in terms of defects, doping, and optimal growth/synthesis conditions. This symposium proceedings volume represents recent advances in growth and characterization of a number of different oxide semiconductors, as well as device fabrication.
Download or read book First Principles Study on the Effects of Vacancies and Mg Doping on the Physical Properties of CuAlO2 AgAlO2 CuCrO2 and AgCrO2 Transparent Conductor Oxides written by James A. Shook and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for well understood, commercially available p-type transparent conducting oxides for incorporation into basic transparent semiconducting devices alongside their already well understood and available n-type counterparts for application in technologies such as solar cells and capacitive touchscreens motivates this first principles study on the effects of Cu and O vacancies and Mg doping on the intrinsically poor p-type character of CuAlO2, AgAlO2, CuCrO2, and AgCrO2. Density functional theory based calculations using the projector augmented-wave functions along with the generalized gradient approximation to the exchange and correlation energy as implemented by the Vienna Ab Initio Simulation Package are used to study the total crystal energy of the three known polymorphs of CuAlO2 and AgAlO2 in order to determine the most stable polymorph in the ground state. Additionally, three simple magnetic configurations are considered for CuCrO2 and AgCrO2 in the context of total energy of the ground state for the purpose of choosing a specific polymorph and magnetic configuration to be the framework within which the doped and defect systems will be studied. Different functional approaches to the exchange and correlation energies are also considered in order to accurately reproduce the structural properties and the band gap. The 2H delafossite polymorph is determined to be one of the most stable polymorphs and is the focus of this work as it is the least studied of the delafossites. The simple antiferromagnetic configuration is chosen to model magnetic effects in CuCrO2 and AgCrO2 due to it having one of the lowest ground state total energies and also containing the most semiconductor like behavior of the magnetic configurations considered. A 2x2x2 supercell scheme is employed to model 6.25% Cu and Ag vacancies, 3.13% O vacancies, and 6.25% Mg-doping replacing Al and Cr, from which structural properties, electronic properties, hole effective masses, and optical properties are obtained and compared to the pristine crystal in order to offer predictions on the effectiveness of the mentioned native defects and dopant on increasing the conductivity and maintaining transparency in all transparent conducting oxides studied in this work. Comparisons between the results obtained in this work and previous experimental and other theoretical results are made, when available. Many of the properties predicted here are immediately testable via experimentation.
Download or read book Transparent Conducting Oxides and Applications Volume 1315 written by Joseph J. Berry and published by Materials Research Society. This book was released on 2011-11-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-cost, high-performance transparent conducting oxides are of great interest for reduced-cost optoelectronics, while amorphous oxides of ranging conductivity have attracted attention for interface modification, transistor, and other technological applications. The basic material and physical properties are still being illuminated in these oxide systems, even as they become integral in a number of optoelectronic devices. Symposium MM, "Transparent Conducting Oxides and Applications," held during the November 29−December 3, 2010 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston, Massachusetts, discussed the basic materials issues in transparent oxide systems, such as structure, doping, carrier transport, and optical properties. These topics along with the development of solutions and other novel deposition techniques for development of these materials and process-related properties were covered. This volume includes a cross-section of the research on basic materials properties and the technological applications of these materials covered during the symposium.
Download or read book Defect Passivation in Zinc Tin Oxide written by Oscar Esteban Rucavado Leandro and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mots-clés de l'auteur: Transparent conductive oxides ; dopants ; electron mobility ; defects ; free-carrier density ; electron transport ; bandgap ; sub-bandgap defect ; ionized impurity ; phonon scattering.
Download or read book Studies in Pure and Transition Metal Doped Indium Oxide Nanocrystals written by Lisa Nicole Hutfluss and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Controlling the crystal structure of transparent metal oxides is essential for tailoring the properties of these polymorphic materials to specific applications. Structural control is usually achieved via solid state phase transformation at high temperature or pressure. The first half of this work is a kinetic study of in situ phase transformation of In2O3 nanocrystals from metastable rhombohedral phase to stable cubic phase during their colloidal synthesis. By examining the phase content as a function of time using the model fitting approach, two distinct coexisting mechanisms are identified - surface and interface nucleation. It is shown that the mechanism of phase transformation can be controlled systematically through modulation of temperature and precursor to solvent ratio. The increase in both of these parameters leads to gradual change from surface to interface nucleation, which is associated with the increased probability of nanocrystal contact formation in the solution phase. The activation energy for surface nucleation is found to be 144±30 kJ/mol, very similar to that for interface nucleation. In spite of the comparable activation energy, interface nucleation dominates at higher temperatures due to increased nanocrystal interactions. The results of this work demonstrate enhanced control over polymorphic nanocrystal systems, and contribute to further understanding of the kinetic processes at the nanoscale, including nucleation, crystallization, and biomineralization. The ability to further modify the properties of transparent metal oxides through doping of transition metal ions into the host lattice offers a world of possibilities in terms of viable systems and applications. In particular, the use of transition metal dopants to induce room temperature ferromagnetic behaviour in non-magnetic transparent metal oxides is highly desirable for applications such as spintronics. Thus, the second half of this study is concerned with the doping of Fe into nanocrystalline In2O3 via colloidal synthesis and the fundamental characterization of the nanocrystals in anticipation of further development of these materials for potential spintronics applications. Focus is placed on the relationship between the doping concentration, observed phase of the host lattice, and nanocrystal growth and properties. Structural characterizations determine that Fe as a dopant behaves quite unlike previously studied dopants, Cr and Mn, establishing a positive correlation between increasing nanocrystal size and increasing doping concentration; the opposite was observed in the aforementioned previous systems. Through analysis of X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra and the pre-edge feature, it is found that ca. 10% of the assimilated Fe is reduced to Fe2+ during synthesis. Magnetization measurements reveal that these nanocrystals are weakly ferromagnetic at room temperature, suggesting the possibility of an interfacial defect mediated mechanism of magnetic interactions. With increasing doping concentration, the decrease in saturation magnetization suggests a change in the magnetic exchange interaction and a consequential switch from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic behaviour. It is clear from this work that colloidal Fe-doped In2O3 nanocrystals are a promising species, prompting further investigation using additional spectroscopic and magneto-optical techniques to increase understanding of the origin of the observed properties. A thorough understanding of this system in conjunction with other transition metal doped transparent conducting oxides will enable enhanced control in the materials design process and effectively allow tailoring of these materials for specific applications, such as spintronics.
Download or read book Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials written by Zhe Chuan Feng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through their application in energy-efficient and environmentally friendly devices, zinc oxide (ZnO) and related classes of wide gap semiconductors, including GaN and SiC, are revolutionizing numerous areas, from lighting, energy conversion, photovoltaics, and communications to biotechnology, imaging, and medicine. With an emphasis on engineering and materials science, Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials provides a comprehensive, up-to-date review of various technological aspects of ZnO. Volume Two focuses on devices and nanostructures created from ZnO and similar materials. The book covers various nanostructures, synthesis/creation strategies, device behavior, and state-of-the-art applications in electronics and optoelectronics. It also provides useful information on the device and nanoscale process and examines the fabrication of LEDs, LDs, photodetectors, and nanodevices. Covering key properties and important technologies of ZnO-based devices and nanoengineering, the handbook highlights the potential of this wide gap semiconductor. It also illustrates the remaining challenging issues in nanomaterial preparation and device fabrication for R&D in the twenty-first century.
Download or read book State of the Art Program on Compound Semiconductors XXXIX and Nitride and Wide Bandgap Semiconductors for Sensors Photonics and Electronics IV written by R. F. Kopf and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2003 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organic Light Emitting Diode written by Seung Hwan Ko and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-07-27 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains a collection of latest research developments on Organic light emitting diodes (OLED). It is a promising new research area that has received a lot of attention in recent years. Here you will find interesting reports on cutting-edge science and technology related to materials, fabrication processes, and real device applications of OLEDs. I hope that the book will lead to systematization of OLED study, creation of new research field and further promotion of OLED technology for the bright future of our society.
