Download or read book Decoding replay during working memory manipulation in humans written by Shiva Sedghi and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La capacité du cerveau humain à stocker temporairement et manipuler des informations, connue sous le nom de mémoire de travail, est cruciale pour de nombreux processus cognitifs tels que la prise de décision, la planification et la mémoire épisodique. Elle constitue un moment critique entre la mémoire, l'attention et la perception et est centrale pour une large gamme de fonctions cognitives et de comportements orientés vers un objectif. Les études récentes montrent que des séquences de profils d’activité cérébrale spécifiques aux éléments encodés en mémoire peuvent être "rejouées" (réactivé- « replay ») après un apprentissage (épisodique, moteur, etc.) ou pendant la prise de décision. Cependant le rôle fonctionnel de ces replays dans la mémoire de travail est à ce jour peu défini. La présente étude vise à identifier les marqueurs neuronaux associés à l'apprentissage associatif et à étudier la réactivation de ces associations audio-visuelles apprises pendant les périodes de rétention et de manipulation en mémoire de travail. Cette étude utilise la Magnétoencéphalographie (MEG) pour mesurer l'activité cérébrale pendant l’apprentissage et lors d’une tâche de mémoire de travail, ainsi que des techniques de classification multivariée. Cette approche est utilisée dans le but d’identifier les motifs neuronaux associés aux éléments mémorisés et pour investiguer la dynamique de ces motifs pendant la rétention et la manipulation de l’information en mémoire. Plus précisément, dans cette étude, nous avons tout d’abord cherché à investiguer les mécanismes neuraux associés à l'apprentissage associatif audio-visuel chez l'homme en utilisant une des approches comportementales, de MEG et d’apprentissage machine. Les analyses ont révélé une activité thêta soutenue au sein d'un réseau distribué, indiquant la coopération temporelle des régions cérébrales pendant et après l’apprentissage. L'étude a également révélé une désynchronisation bêta associée à l'apprentissage dans les régions frontotemporales et pariétales, des régions connues pour être impliquées dans les fonctions de la mémoire de travail. De plus, nous avons identifié des périodes de réactivation des profils cérébraux associés à l’apprentissage pendant les périodes de rétention et de manipulation de la tâche de mémoire de travail. Nous proposons que ces réactivations, inversées (« backward ») et rapides (20 ms), jouent un rôle crucial dans le maintien et la manipulation à court terme des informations en mémoire. Notre étude apporte des preuves de replay rapide « backward » pendant la mémoire de travail, et nos recherches en cours visent à élucider leur rôle en lien avec le comportement. Dans l'ensemble, nos résultats améliorent notre compréhension des mécanismes neuronaux complexes supportant la mémoire de travail, De plus, ils appuient l'idée selon laquelle la réactivation rapide de l'activité neuronale des items préalablement appris pourrait jouer un rôle crucial dans les processus de mémoire de travail et de mémoire séquentielle chez les humains.
Download or read book Human Spatial Navigation written by Arne D. Ekstrom and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to comprehensively explore the cognitive foundations of human spatial navigation Humans possess a range of navigation and orientation abilities, from the ordinary to the extraordinary. All of us must move from one location to the next, following habitual routes and avoiding getting lost. While there is more to learn about how the brain underlies our ability to navigate, neuroscience and psychology have begun to converge on some important answers. In Human Spatial Navigation, four leading experts tackle fundamental and unique issues to produce the first book-length investigation into this subject. Opening with the vivid story of Puluwat sailors who navigate in the open ocean with no mechanical aids, the authors begin by dissecting the behavioral basis of human spatial navigation. They then focus on its neural basis, describing neural recordings, brain imaging experiments, and patient studies. Recent advances give unprecedented insights into what is known about the cognitive map and the neural systems that facilitate navigation. The authors discuss how aging and diseases can impede navigation, and they introduce cutting-edge network models that show how the brain can act as a highly integrated system underlying spatial navigation. Throughout, the authors touch on fascinating examples of able navigators, from the Inuit of northern Canada to London taxi drivers, and they provide a critical lens into previous navigation research, which has primarily focused on other species, such as rodents. An ideal book for students and researchers seeking an accessible introduction to this important topic, Human Spatial Navigation offers a rich look into spatial memory and the neuroscientific foundations for how we make our way in the world.
Download or read book The Hippocampus Book written by Per Andersen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hippocampus is one of a group of remarkable structures embedded within the brain's medial temporal lobe. Long known to be important for memory, it has been a prime focus of neuroscience research for many years. The Hippocampus Book promises to facilitate developments in the field in a major way by bringing together, for the first time, contributions by leading international scientists knowledgeable about hippocampal anatomy, physiology, and function. This authoritative volume offers the most comprehensive, up-to-date account of what the hippocampus does, how it does it, and what happens when things go wrong. At the same time, it illustrates how research focusing on this single brain structure has revealed principles of wider generality for the whole brain in relation to anatomical connectivity, synaptic plasticity, cognition and behavior, and computational algorithms. Well-organized in its presentation of both theory and experimental data, this peerless work vividly illustrates the astonishing progress that has been made in unraveling the workings of the brain. The Hippocampus Book is destined to take a central place on every neuroscientist's bookshelf.
Download or read book The Brain from Inside Out written by György Buzsáki MD, PhD and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-18 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there a right way to study how the brain works? Following the empiricist's tradition, the most common approach involves the study of neural reactions to stimuli presented by an experimenter. This 'outside-in' method fueled a generation of brain research and now must confront hidden assumptions about causation and concepts that may not hold neatly for systems that act and react. György Buzsáki's The Brain from Inside Out examines why the outside-in framework for understanding brain function has become stagnant and points to new directions for understanding neural function. Building upon the success of 2011's Rhythms of the Brain, Professor Buzsáki presents the brain as a foretelling device that interacts with its environment through action and the examination of action's consequence. Consider that our brains are initially filled with nonsense patterns, all of which are gibberish until grounded by action-based interactions. By matching these nonsense "words" to the outcomes of action, they acquire meaning. Once its circuits are "calibrated" by action and experience, the brain can disengage from its sensors and actuators, and examine "what happens if" scenarios by peeking into its own computation, a process that we refer to as cognition. The Brain from Inside Out explains why our brain is not an information-absorbing coding device, as it is often portrayed, but a venture-seeking explorer constantly controlling the body to test hypotheses. Our brain does not process information: it creates it.
Download or read book Beyond the Cognitive Map written by A. David Redish and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are currently two major theories about the role of the hippocampus, a distinctive structure in the back of the temporal lobe. One says that it stores a cognitive map, the other that it is a key locus for the temporary storage of episodic memories. A. David Redish takes the approach that understanding the role of the hippocampus in space will make it possible to address its role in less easily quantifiable areas such as memory. Basing his investigation on the study of rodent navigation--one of the primary domains for understanding information processing in the brain--he places the hippocampus in its anatomical context as part of a greater functional system. Redish draws on the extensive experimental and theoretical work of the last 100 years to paint a coherent picture of rodent navigation. His presentation encompasses multiple levels of analysis, from single-unit recording results to behavioral tasks to computational modeling. From this foundation, he proposes a novel understanding of the role of the hippocampus in rodents that can shed light on the role of the hippocampus in primates, explaining data from primate studies and human neurology. The book will be of interest not only to neuroscientists and psychologists, but also to researchers in computer science, robotics, artificial intelligence, and artificial life.
Download or read book Interpretable Machine Learning written by Christoph Molnar and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2020 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about making machine learning models and their decisions interpretable. After exploring the concepts of interpretability, you will learn about simple, interpretable models such as decision trees, decision rules and linear regression. Later chapters focus on general model-agnostic methods for interpreting black box models like feature importance and accumulated local effects and explaining individual predictions with Shapley values and LIME. All interpretation methods are explained in depth and discussed critically. How do they work under the hood? What are their strengths and weaknesses? How can their outputs be interpreted? This book will enable you to select and correctly apply the interpretation method that is most suitable for your machine learning project.
Download or read book The Hippocampus from Cells to Systems written by Deborah E. Hannula and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hippocampus has long been considered a critical substrate in the neurobiology, neuropsychology, and cognitive neuroscience of memory. Over the past few decades, a number of ground-breaking theoretical and methodological advances have radically enhanced our understanding of the structure and function of the hippocampus and revolutionized the neuroscientific study of memory. Cutting across disciplines and approaches, these advances offer novel insights into the molecular and cellular structure and physiology of the hippocampus, the role of hippocampus in the formation, (re)consolidation, enhancement, and retrieval of memory across time and development, and permit investigators to address questions about how the hippocampus interacts, functionally and anatomically, with other neural systems in service of memory. In addition, recent investigations also suggest that the mechanistic properties and functional processing features of the hippocampus permit broader contributions to cognition, beyond memory, to the domains of attention, decision-making, language, social cognition, and a variety of other capacities that are critical for flexible cognition and behavior. These advances have profound implications for the neurobiology and cognitive neuroscience of hippocampus dependent cognition and for the numerous psychiatric and neurological diseases and disorders for which hippocampal pathology is a hallmark such as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. The goal of this book is to bring together in a single source an integrated review of these advances providing state of the art treatment on the structure and function of the hippocampus. Contributors will examine the hippocampus from a variety of levels (from cells to systems) using a wide range of methods (from neurobiological approaches in non-human animals to neuroimaging and neuropsychological work in humans).
Download or read book The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map written by John O'Keefe and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1978 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introducing Language and Cognition written by Michael Sharwood Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers something unique - a perspective of mind and language where diverse topics are carefully integrated within one framework.
Download or read book Cognition Brain and Consciousness written by Bernard J. Baars and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page 677 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness, Second Edition, provides students and readers with an overview of the study of the human brain and its cognitive development.It discusses brain molecules and their primary function, which is to help carry brain signals to and from the different parts of the human body. These molecules are also essential for understanding language, learning, perception, thinking, and other cognitive functions of our brain. The book also presents the tools that can be used to view the human brain through brain imaging or recording.New to this edition are Frontiers in Cognitive Neuroscience text boxes, each one focusing on a leading researcher and their topic of expertise. There is a new chapter on Genes and Molecules of Cognition; all other chapters have been thoroughly revised, based on the most recent discoveries.This text is designed for undergraduate and graduate students in Psychology, Neuroscience, and related disciplines in which cognitive neuroscience is taught. - New edition of a very successful textbook - Completely revised to reflect new advances, and feedback from adopters and students - Includes a new chapter on Genes and Molecules of Cognition - Student Solutions available at http://www.baars-gage.com/ For Teachers: - Rapid adoption and course preparation: A wide array of instructor support materials are available online including PowerPoint lecture slides, a test bank with answers, and eFlashcords on key concepts for each chapter. - A textbook with an easy-to-understand thematic approach: in a way that is clear for students from a variety of academic backgrounds, the text introduces concepts such as working memory, selective attention, and social cognition. - A step-by-step guide for introducing students to brain anatomy: color graphics have been carefully selected to illustrate all points and the research explained. Beautifully clear artist's drawings are used to 'build a brain' from top to bottom, simplifying the layout of the brain. For students: - An easy-to-read, complete introduction to mind-brain science: all chapters begin from mind-brain functions and build a coherent picture of their brain basis. A single, widely accepted functional framework is used to capture the major phenomena. - Learning Aids include a student support site with study guides and exercises, a new Mini-Atlas of the Brain and a full Glossary of technical terms and their definitions. - Richly illustrated with hundreds of carefully selected color graphics to enhance understanding.
Download or read book The Hippocampus in Clinical Neuroscience written by K. Szabo and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hippocampus is one of the most intriguing structures of the human brain. Damage to this part causes symptoms ranging from transient disorders accompanied by tiny lesions to severely debilitating cognitive disorders with marked tissue loss. This publication provides a predominantly clinical approach to the complex workings of the hippocampus from different perspectives, ranging from basic principles to specific diseases. The first part of the book summarizes current knowledge regarding the structure and physiology of the hippocampus and establishes the ties to basic neuroscience. The second part deals with the function and assessment of the human hippocampus, including memory function, neuropsychological measures, and conventional and functional imaging studies. The chapters of the third part are devoted to the hippocampus in neurological disorders, e.g. the interaction between stress and memory function, and the pathological conditions of common as well as selected rare neurological diseases affecting the hippocampus. The book is highly recommended to clinical neurologists who wish to gain a broad understanding of this complex and fascinating organ in terms of basic principles, modern imaging findings, and specific diseases.
Download or read book Heterogeneity of Function in Numerical Cognition written by Avishai Henik and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneity of Function in Numerical Cognition presents the latest updates on ongoing research and discussions regarding numerical cognition. With great individual differences in the development or function of numerical cognition at neuroanatomical, neuropsychological, behavioral, and interactional levels, these issues are important for the achievement of a comprehensive understanding of numerical cognition, hence its brain basis, development, breakdown in brain-injured individuals, and failures to master mathematical skills. These functions are essential for the proper development of numerical cognition. - Provides an innovative reference on the emerging field of numerical cognition and the branches that converge on this diverse cognitive domain - Includes an overview of the multiple disciplines that comprise numerical cognition - Focuses on factors that influence numerical cognition, such as language, executive attention, memory and spatial processing - Features an innovative organization with each section providing a general overview, developmental research, and evidence from neurocognitive studies
Download or read book Statistical Analysis Handbook written by Dr Michael John de Smith and published by The Winchelsea Press. This book was released on with total page 827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Comprehensive Handbook of Statistical Concepts, Techniques and Software Tools.
Download or read book Goal Directed Decision Making written by Richard W. Morris and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-23 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Goal-Directed Decision Making: Computations and Neural Circuits examines the role of goal-directed choice. It begins with an examination of the computations performed by associated circuits, but then moves on to in-depth examinations on how goal-directed learning interacts with other forms of choice and response selection. This is the only book that embraces the multidisciplinary nature of this area of decision-making, integrating our knowledge of goal-directed decision-making from basic, computational, clinical, and ethology research into a single resource that is invaluable for neuroscientists, psychologists and computer scientists alike. The book presents discussions on the broader field of decision-making and how it has expanded to incorporate ideas related to flexible behaviors, such as cognitive control, economic choice, and Bayesian inference, as well as the influences that motivation, context and cues have on behavior and decision-making. - Details the neural circuits functionally involved in goal-directed decision-making and the computations these circuits perform - Discusses changes in goal-directed decision-making spurred by development and disorders, and within real-world applications, including social contexts and addiction - Synthesizes neuroscience, psychology and computer science research to offer a unique perspective on the central and emerging issues in goal-directed decision-making
Download or read book The CA3 Region of the Hippocampus How is it What is it for How does it do it written by Enrico Cherubini and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-08-19 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The CA3 hippocampal region receives information from the entorhinal cortex either directly from the perforant path or indirectly from the dentate gyrus via the mossy fibers (MFs). According to their specific targets (principal/mossy cells or interneurons), MFs terminate with large boutons or small filopodial extensions, respectively. MF-CA3 synapses are characterized by a low probability of release and pronounced frequency-dependent facilitation. In addition MF terminals are endowed with mGluRs that regulate their own release. We will describe the intrinsic membrane properties of pyramidal cells, which can sometimes fire in bursts, together with the geometry of their dendritic arborization. The single layer of pyramidal cells is quite distinct from the six-layered neocortical arrangement. The resulting aligned dendrites provides the substrate for laminated excitatory inputs. They also underlie a precise, diversity of inhibitory control which we will also describe in detail. The CA3 region has an especially rich internal connectivity, with recurrent excitatory and inhibitory loops. In recent years both in vivo and in vitro studies have allowed to better understand functional properties of the CA3 auto-associative network and its role in information processing. This circuit is implicated in encoding spatial representations and episodic memories. It generates physiological population synchronies, including gamma, theta and sharp-waves that are presumed to associate firing in selected assemblies of cells in different behavioral conditions. The CA3 region is susceptible to neurodegeneration during aging and after stresses such as infection or injury. Loss of some CA3 neurones has striking effects on mossy fiber inputs and can facilitate the generation of pathologic synchrony within the CA3 micro-circuit. The aim of this special topic is to bring together experts on the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the wiring properties of the CA3 hippocampal microcircuit in both physiological and pathological conditions, synaptic plasticity, behavior and cognition.We will particularly emphasize the dual glutamatergic and GABAergic phenotype of MF-CA3 synapses at early developmental stages and the steps that regulate the integration of newly generated neurons into the adult dentate gyrus-CA3 circuit.
Download or read book Converging Technologies for Improving Human Performance written by Mihail C. Roco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: M. C. Roco and W.S. Bainbridge In the early decades of the 21st century, concentrated efforts can unify science based on the unity of nature, thereby advancing the combination of nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and new technologies based in cognitive science. With proper attention to ethical issues and societal needs, converging in human abilities, societal technologies could achieve a tremendous improvement outcomes, the nation's productivity, and the quality of life. This is a broad, cross cutting, emerging and timely opportunity of interest to individuals, society and humanity in the long term. The phrase "convergent technologies" refers to the synergistic combination of four major "NBIC" (nano-bio-info-cogno) provinces of science and technology, each of which is currently progressing at a rapid rate: (a) nanoscience and nanotechnology; (b) biotechnology and biomedicine, including genetic engineering; (c) information technology, including advanced computing and communications; (d) cognitive science, including cognitive neuroscience. Timely and Broad Opportunity. Convergence of diverse technologies is based on material unity at the nanoscale and on technology integration from that scale.
Download or read book Hippocampal Place Fields written by Sheri J.Y. Mizumori and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-26 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data from neuropsychological and animal research suggest that the hippocampus plays a pivotal role in two relatively different areas: active navigation, as well as episodic learning and memory. Recent studies have attempted to bridge these disparate accounts of hippocampal function by emphasizing the role that hippocampal place cells may play in processing the spatial contextual information that defines situations in which learned behaviors occur. A number of established laboratories are currently offering complementary interpretations of place fields, and this book will present the first common platform for them. Bringing together research from behavioral, genetic, physiological, computational, and neural-systems perspectives will provide a thorough understanding of the extent to which studying place-field properties has informed our understanding of the neural mechanisms of hippocampus-dependent memory. Hippocampal Place Fields: Relevance to Learning and Memory will serve as a valuable reference for everyone interested in hippocampal function.
