Download or read book Deciphering the Heterogeneity of the Mononuclear Phagocytic Lineage at the Transcriptome Level written by Jennifer C. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Monocytes written by Marek Zembala and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monocytes represent one of the major types of white blood cells in man which prevent infection by ingesting and killing invading pathogens and by releasing factors which stimulate and regulate lymphocytes. Monocytes "purify" the blood, removing immune complexes, mediating inflammatory responses, and initiating tissue repair. Human Monocytes represents an up-to-date, definitive account of this important cell. It covers the cells biochemical, immunological, and inflammatory functionsand its role in many diseases, including asthma, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and AIDS.
Download or read book Microglia in Health and Disease A Unique Immune Cell Population written by Alessandro Michelucci and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microglia are essential for the development and function of the adult brain. Their ontogeny, together with the absence of turnover from the periphery and the singular environment of the central nervous system (CNS), make microglia a unique cell population compared to other tissue-macrophages. The unique properties and functions of microglial cells, such as their role in synaptic pruning or the exceptional capacity to scan the brain parenchyma and rapidly react to its perturbations, have emerged in recent years. In the coming years, understanding how microglia acquire and maintain their unique profiles in order to fulfil distinct tasks in the healthy CNS and how these are altered in disease, will be essential to develop strategies to diagnose or treat CNS disorders with an immunological component. This Research Topic covers several aspects of microglial biology, ranging from their origin and the functional role of microglia during development and lifespan, their molecular properties compared with other brain and peripheral immune cells to microglial phenotypes and functional states in neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumours. In conclusion, the present Research Topic provides a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of several cellular and molecular mechanisms that make microglia a unique immune cell population within the healthy CNS as well as under inflammatory, neurodegenerative and tumorigenic processes.
Download or read book M1 M2 Macrophages The Arginine Fork in the Road to Health and Disease written by Charles Dudley Mills and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macrophages have unique and diverse functions necessary for survival. And, in humans (and other species), they are the most abundant leukocytes in tissues. The Innate functions of macrophages that are best known are their unusual ability to either “Kill” or “Repair”. Since killing is a destructive process and repair is a constructive process, it was stupefying how one cell could exhibit these 2 polar – opposite functions. However, in the late 1980’s, it was shown that macrophages have a unique ability to enzymatically metabolize Arginine to Nitric Oxide (NO, a gaseous non – specific killer molecule) or to Ornithine (a precursor of polyamines and collagen for repair). The dual Arginine metabolic capacity of macrophages provided a functional explanation for their ability to kill or repair. Macrophages predominantly producing NO are called M1 and those producing Ornithine are called M2. M1 and M2 – dominant responses occur in lower vertebrates, and in T cell deficient vertebrates being directly driven by Damage and Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMP and PAMP). Thus, M1 and M2 are Innate responses that protect the host without Adaptive Immunity. In turn, M1/M2 is supplanting previous models in which T cells were necessary to “activate” or “alternatively activate” macrophages (the Th1/Th2 paradigm). M1 and M2 macrophages were named such because of the additional key findings that these macrophages stimulate Th1 and Th2 – like responses, respectively. So, in addition to their unique ability to kill or repair, macrophages also govern Adaptive Immunity. All of the foregoing would be less important if M1 or M2 – dominant responses were not observed in disease. But, they are. The best example to date is the predominance of M2 macrophages in human tumors where they act like wound repair macrophages and actively promote growth. More generally, humans have become M2 – dominant because sanitation, antibiotics and vaccines have lessened M1 responses. And, M2 dominance seems the cause of ever - increasing allergies in developed countries. Obesity represents a new and different circumstance. Surfeit energy (e.g., lipoproteins) causes monocytes to become M1 dominant in the vessel walls causing plaques. Because M1 or M2 dominant responses are clearly causative in many modern diseases, there is great potential in developing the means to selectively stimulate (or inhibit) either M1 or M2 responses to kill or repair, or to stimulate Th1 or Th2 responses, depending on the circumstance. The contributions here are meant to describe diseases of M1 or M2 dominance, and promising new methodologies to modulate the fungible metabolic machinery of macrophages for better health.
Download or read book Monocyte Heterogeneity and Function written by Pierre Guermonprez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Composite Tissue Allograft written by Hakim Nadey S and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-05-05 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first textbook of its kind dealing with composite tissue allograft and allograft transplantation, provides an excellent overview on the subject. It provides a clear description of the current status of the transplant of every composite tissue allograft already performed and others which are still at the basic experimental level.The editors of the book, who also contribute chapters in their expertise, are world renowned surgeons. This book opens with an introductory chapter on the history of this type of transplantation and then details the clinical experience in each graft such as hand, larynx, face, uterus and the related histopathology, immunosuppression and immunomodulation.A multidisciplinary and comprehensive presentation of the various aspects of this new area of transplantation will allow the reader to understand the complexity and the challenges of composite tissue transplantation. A number of important topics are analyzed and discussed in detail, such as the ethical, medicolegal, psychological and immunological implications. New rehabilitation techniques and strategies, together with innovative tools for the functional evaluation of the transplanted parts, are highlighted. A section on the experimental work underlines what lies ahead of us./a
Download or read book Epidermal Langerhans Cells written by Gerold Schuler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-26 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epidermal Langerhans Cells focuses on epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) and the important role they play in the induction of contact hypersensitivity and graft rejection. This in-depth work discusses how these antigen-presenting cells are modulated by various physicochemical agents (such as UV light) and how they can be infected by the AIDS virus. It also reveals that cytokines mediate their development into potent T cell-stimulatory dendritic cells. This comprehensive review covers important experimental details and methods, and fascinating information on LCs. It also provides an overview of the immune system as it relates to the skin in health and disease. This up-to-date publication is an indispensable resource for all investigative and clinical dermatologists, as well as immunologists interested in antigen-presenting cells.
Download or read book Essentials of Single Cell Analysis written by Fan-Gang Tseng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-21 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of single-cell isolation, separation, injection, lysis and dynamics analysis as well as a study of their heterogeneity using different miniaturized devices. As an important part of single-cell analysis, different techniques including electroporation, microinjection, optical trapping, optoporation, rapid electrokinetic patterning and optoelectronic tweezers are described in detail. It presents different fluidic systems (e.g. continuous micro/nano-fluidic devices, microfluidic cytometry) and their integration with sensor technology, optical and hydrodynamic stretchers etc., and demonstrates the applications of single-cell analysis in systems biology, proteomics, genomics, epigenomics, cancer transcriptomics, metabolomics, biomedicine and drug delivery systems. It also discusses the future challenges for single-cell analysis, including the advantages and limitations. This book is enjoyable reading material while at the same time providing essential information to scientists in academia and professionals in industry working on different aspects of single-cell analysis. Dr. Fan-Gang Tseng is a Distinguished Professor of Engineering and System Science at the National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan. Dr. Tuhin Subhra Santra is a Research Associate at the California Nano Systems Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, USA.
Download or read book Muscle Regeneration written by Alexander Mauro and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1979 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Angiogenesis Assays written by Carolyn A. Staton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-11 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is essential for physiological growth and over 18,000 research articles have been published describing the role of angiogenesis in over 70 different diseases, including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. One of the most important technical challenges in such studies has been finding suitable methods for assessing the effects of regulators of eh angiogenic response. While increasing numbers of angiogenesis assays are being described both in vitro and in vivo, it is often still necessary to use a combination of assays to identify the cellular and molecular events in angiogenesis and the full range of effects of a given test protein. Although the endothelial cell - its migration, proliferation, differentiation and structural rearrangement - is central to the angiogenic process, it is not the only cell type involved. the supporting cells, the extracellular matrix and the circulating blood with its cellular and humoral components also contribute. In this book, experts in the use of a diverse range of assays outline key components of these and give a critical appraisal of their strengths and weaknesses. Examples include assays for the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro, vessel outgrowth from organ cultures, assessment of endothelial and mural cell interactions, and such in vivo assays as the chick chorioallantoic membrane, zebrafish, corneal, chamber and tumour angiogenesis models. These are followed by a critical analysis of the biological end-points currently being used in clinical trials to assess the clinical efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs, which leads into a discussion of the direction future studies should take. This valuable book is of interest to research scientists currently working on angiogenesis in both the academic community and in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Relevant disciplines include cell and molecular biology, oncology, cardiovascular research, biotechnology, pharmacology, pathology and physiology.
Download or read book Fungal Extracellular Vesicles written by Marcio Rodrigues and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth overview on the manifold functions of fungal extracellular vesicles (EV) which span from cell-to-cell communication, pathogenicity and stimulation of host’s immunity to export of hundreds of biomolecules. The book summarizes the present knowledge on the impact of extracellular vesicles on fungal biology. Extracellular vesicles participate in fundamental biological processes in all living cells but only during the last 15 years the production and functions of EVs were identified and studied in fungal species too. Up to date more than 50 independent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles are produced by at least 20 fungal species. The book addresses researchers and advanced students in Microbiology, Mycology and Biotechnology.
Download or read book Antibody Fc written by Margaret Ackerman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antibody Fc is the first single text to synthesize the literature on the mechanisms underlying the dramatic variability of antibodies to influence the immune response. The book demonstrates the importance of the Fc domain, including protective mechanisms, effector cell types, genetic data, and variability in Fc domain function. This volume is a critical single-source reference for researchers in vaccine discovery, immunologists, microbiologists, oncologists and protein engineers as well as graduate students in immunology and vaccinology. Antibodies represent the correlate of protection for numerous vaccines and are the most rapidly growing class of drugs, with applications ranging from cancer and infectious disease to autoimmunity. Researchers have long understood the variable domain of antibodies, which are responsible for antigen recognition, and can provide protection by blocking the function of their target antigen. However, recent developments in our understanding of the protection mediated by antibodies have highlighted the critical nature of the antibody constant, or Fc domain, in the biological activity of antibodies. The Fc domain allows antibodies to link the adaptive and innate immune systems, providing specificity to a wide range of innate effector cells. In addition, they provide a feedback loop to regulate the character of the immune response via interactions with B cells and antigen-presenting cells. Clarifies the different mechanisms of IgG activity at the level of the different model systems used, including human genetic, mouse, and in vitro Covers the role of antibodies in cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmunity and in the setting of monoclonal antibody therapy as well as naturally raised antibodies Color illustrations enhance explanations of the immune system
Download or read book Methods for Studying Mononuclear Phagocytes written by Dolph Adams and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 1048 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methods for Studying Mononuclear Phagocytes is a practical guide to the study of mononuclear phagocytes that brings together various well-established and useful methods for examining these cells. The technical protocols have been made detailed, specific, practical, and inclusive of the necessary mystique for immediate and direct application in the laboratory. The book is divided into 11 parts arranged according to the sequence of steps that would generally be followed to study a given population of mononuclear phagocytes: (I) methods for obtaining and culturing populations of human and animal mononuclear phagocytes; (II) methods for separating populations of leukocytes to enrich or deplete their content of mononuclear phagocytes; (II) criteria and techniques for identifying mononuclear phagocytes; (IV) methods for quantifying the number of mononuclear phagocytes; (V) techniques for studying the morphology of mononuclear phagocytes; (VI) methods for quantifying the biochemical constituents of mononuclear phagocytes; (VII) methods of quantifying phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and chemotaxis; (VIII) methods for quantifying the secretory products of mononuclear phagocytes; (IX) procedures for quantifying the destruction of tumor cells and of microorganisms by mononuclear phagocytes; (X) methods for studying the cell biology of mononuclear phagocytes; and (XI) techniques for studying mononuclear phagocytes in vivo, including procedures for estimating their kinetics, accumulation, identification, and microbicidal properties.
Download or read book Mononuclear Phagocyte Biology written by Alvin Volkman and published by Marcel Dekker. This book was released on 1984 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interleukin 10 in Health and Disease written by Simon Fillatreau and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a set of reviews dedicated to the biology of Interleukin (IL)-10. It includes chapters on its importance for maintaining immune homeostasis in humans, its role in intestinal immunity and its functions during viral and bacterial infections. In addition, it presents reviews on the mechanisms linking innate microbial recognition to the production of IL-10 and on how IL-10 recognition by its receptor functions. The roles of T and B cells as relevant sources of IL-10 are also discussed, with an emphasis on the clinical opportunities offered by IL-10-producing Tr1 cells for the suppression of unwanted immunity. Finally, the functions of other cytokines of the IL-10 family are presented. Collectively, these articles provide a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge on one of the most important anti-inflammatory cytokines known to date.
Download or read book Scleroderma written by John Varga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-21 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential book examines the most up-to-date information on scleroderma, offering a clear and concise synthesis of current concepts in pathogenesis and modern approaches to management. Presents a multidisciplinary approach to scleroderma care.
Download or read book Cardioimmunology Inflammation and Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease written by Mohamed Boutjdir and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
