Download or read book Debt Covenant Violation Competition and Cost of New Debt written by Umar Butt and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article empirically shows that the cost of new debt is higher for firms that commit covenant violations. Using a proxy for product market competition to capture exogenous changes to a firm's competitive environment, I find that the cost is systematically higher for firms that operate in competitive markets. Moreover, I identify channels through which violations can increase the cost of new debt, namely, the incidence, timing and frequency effects, and I document these effects to be more acute for competitive markets. Overall, the study finds that the market prices financial contracts by taking into account the information content of the violation and the risk arising from market competition.

Download or read book The Cost of Private Debt Covenant Violation written by Scott D. Dyreng and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2000 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Market Response to Implied Debt Covenant Violations written by Derrald Stice and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous research documents a negative stock price reaction to the announcement of a debt covenant violation (DCV). However, managers of firms that violate a covenant often obtain waivers and renegotiate debt contracts with lenders before the SEC requires them to disclose a violation. Firms therefore may not report some covenant violations, and prior research has not documented their cost to shareholders. Exploiting the fact that over half of all private debt contracts contain a debt covenant reliant on some variation of accounting earnings, I construct a sample of firms with debt contracts that contain at least one earnings-based covenant. Combining earnings-based-covenant contract values from debt agreements with information publicly available at the earnings announcement date, I predict firms in violation of a debt covenant and provide evidence that equity investors react negatively to these implied violations, regardless of whether managers ever disclose that a violation occurred. In additional tests, I find no evidence of a negative stock price reaction to a firm disclosure of a DCV that market participants could infer from previously reported earnings, but I demonstrate that equity investors do react to the disclosure of a violation of a balance-sheet covenant that would not have been inferable. This study complements previous research on DCVs by documenting the costliness to shareholders of violations subsequently resolved with lenders but not disclosed.

Download or read book The Effect of Debt Covenant Violations on Debt Issuance Behaviour written by Mukhbir Singh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine how contract term restrictions influence debt issuance behaviour and find that debt covenant violations impact firms’ debt maturity structure, costs, syndicate structure, collateralization and placement choice. Using the issuance of debt by non-financial firms between 1996 and 2008, we find that debt maturity decreases following a firm’s debt covenant violation while debt costs and covenant intensity increase. Debt seniority does not appear to have a strong relationship with covenant violations – firm size and firm quality have the biggest impact on seniority of debt issuance. We also show that the use of syndication and secured debt increases following a covenant violation. Our analysis demonstrates that the majority of the impact of the change in our dependent variables is observed following the first violation. Our analysis also includes the choice between public and private debt. We show that, following a covenant violation, firms are more likely to place their debt privately. Our findings help understand how the changes in the information and governance environment that follow a covenant violation affect future debt issuance behaviour.

Download or read book Further Evidence on Consequences of Debt Covenant Violations written by Yu Gao and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present new evidence on debt covenant violation (DCV) consequences that have not previously been examined in the literature. In particular, we show that a DCV triggers significant information asymmetry and uncertainty on the part of shareholders and auditors as reflected in higher bid-ask spreads, return volatility, and audit fees. Further, these consequences occur even when lender-imposed costs are relatively lower, consistent with the act of default itself triggering shareholder and auditor uncertainty. The results highlight costs to the firm of having bright-line rules in contracts, and add to an understanding of the consequences of DCVs.

Download or read book Tax Avoidance and Capital Structure written by Alessandro Gabrielli and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-23 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the implications of tax avoidance for a firm’s capital structure, highlighting the key role played by free cash flow and agency conflicts. First, the book provides an outline of the theories and empirical evidence concerning the role of taxes in the Theory of Capital Structure. It reviews the studies investigating the relationship between agency conflicts and capital structure. The book explores the role of free cash flow and agency conflicts in the relationship between tax avoidance and capital structure. In the final section, the results of an empirical investigation conducted on a sample of U.S. public firms are also presented. The empirical research examines whether and how tax avoidance is associated with debt covenant violation across the stages of the corporate life cycle. Specifically, the research uses the concept of the corporate life cycle stage to analyse whether and how the association between tax avoidance and debt covenant violation varies in different agency settings. Consistent with the hypotheses drawn on the Agency Theory, the findings of the empirical research suggest life cycle stages moderate the association between tax avoidance and debt covenant violation. Overall, this book sheds light on the potential implications of tax avoidance activities for a firm’s capital structure. The book will be of interest to both experienced and early-stage scholars interested in the topic. Moreover, the book will also be of interest to policymakers, investors, analysts, lenders, and other market participants.

Download or read book European Financial Integration written by Alberto Giovannini and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading international experts examine the implications of integration for the monetary structure of the European community.

Download or read book Global Waves of Debt written by M. Ayhan Kose and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.

Download or read book The Effect of Debt Covenant Violation on the Use of Off Balance Sheet Operating Lease and Long Term Debt written by Brandon Lee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under current U.S. lease accounting standards, operating leases are considered off-balance-sheet (OBS) financing, thus allowing firms to use an operating lease as hidden debt. We show that firms' leverage, debt covenant violations, and tight covenant slacks have a large impact on the use of corporate OBS operating leases as well as long-term debt. Our results show that high risk profile firms in terms of their debt financing, characterized as those who have high leverage, or have violated their debt covenants, or are close to covenant violations, on average significantly reduce the use of OBS operating leases. However, for these high risk profile firms who have their business operating in industries where OBS leases are widely used, they significantly increase the use of OBS operating leases. In other words, our results indicate that firms, who belong to industries where operating leases are heavily used, use OBS leases as a substitute (an alternative source of financing) to long-term debt in their financing activities when their debt financing condition is weakened. We find that this significant increase in OBS operating leases is even more prominent during the economic recession periods. Our findings of the use of OBS leases following debt covenant violations or when being close to violations, provide incremental evidence to the finance and accounting literature that has documented the significant impact of moral hazard and incentive conflicts between firms and their creditors on their debt financing policy.

Download or read book The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report written by Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission and published by Cosimo, Inc.. This book was released on 2011-05-01 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report, published by the U.S. Government and the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission in early 2011, is the official government report on the United States financial collapse and the review of major financial institutions that bankrupted and failed, or would have without help from the government. The commission and the report were implemented after Congress passed an act in 2009 to review and prevent fraudulent activity. The report details, among other things, the periods before, during, and after the crisis, what led up to it, and analyses of subprime mortgage lending, credit expansion and banking policies, the collapse of companies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, and the federal bailouts of Lehman and AIG. It also discusses the aftermath of the fallout and our current state. This report should be of interest to anyone concerned about the financial situation in the U.S. and around the world.THE FINANCIAL CRISIS INQUIRY COMMISSION is an independent, bi-partisan, government-appointed panel of 10 people that was created to "examine the causes, domestic and global, of the current financial and economic crisis in the United States." It was established as part of the Fraud Enforcement and Recovery Act of 2009. The commission consisted of private citizens with expertise in economics and finance, banking, housing, market regulation, and consumer protection. They examined and reported on "the collapse of major financial institutions that failed or would have failed if not for exceptional assistance from the government."News Dissector DANNY SCHECHTER is a journalist, blogger and filmmaker. He has been reporting on economic crises since the 1980's when he was with ABC News. His film In Debt We Trust warned of the economic meltdown in 2006. He has since written three books on the subject including Plunder: Investigating Our Economic Calamity (Cosimo Books, 2008), and The Crime Of Our Time: Why Wall Street Is Not Too Big to Jail (Disinfo Books, 2011), a companion to his latest film Plunder The Crime Of Our Time. He can be reached online at www.newsdissector.com.

Download or read book The Handbook of Loan Syndications and Trading written by LSTA (Loan Syndications and Trading Assoc.) and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The First Guide to Understanding and Capitalizing on the $1 Trillion-Plus Loan Syndications and Trading Market! The Handbook of Loan Syndications and Trading is the first resource especially designed to equip institutional investors and professional money managers with expert analysis and insights on every key aspect of this rapidly growing financial market. Co-published by McGraw-Hill and the Loan Syndications and Trading Association (LSTA), The Handbook of Loan Syndications and Trading fully explains the evolution and history of the loan market…primary and secondary markets …analytics and performance…the credit agreement… pricing and all legal and regulatory issues. This comprehensive reference guide features: First-ever guidance on the booming loan syndications and trading market, covering every topic that investors and money managers need to know Over 40 contributions from the leading players in loan syndication, including Standard & Poor's, Bank of America, JP Morgan, Credit Suisse, along with top Buyside Institutions and Law Firms Valuable insights and observations from industry experts A comprehensive A-Z glossary of all loan syndications and trading terms Dozens of helpful tables, charts, and examples

Download or read book A Pragmatist s Guide to Leveraged Finance written by Robert S. Kricheff and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2012-02-27 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high-yield leveraged bond and loan market (“junk bonds”) is now valued at $3+ trillion in North America, €1 trillion in Europe, and another $1 trillion in emerging markets. What’s more, based on the maturity schedules of current debt, it’s poised for massive growth. To successfully issue, evaluate, and invest in high-yield debt, however, financial professionals need credit and bond analysis skills specific to these instruments. Now, for the first time, there’s a complete, practical, and expert tutorial and workbook covering all facets of modern leveraged finance analysis. In A Pragmatist’s Guide to Leveraged Finance, Credit Suisse managing director Bob Kricheff explains why conventional analysis techniques are inadequate for leveraged instruments, clearly defines the unique challenges sellers and buyers face, walks step-by-step through deriving essential data for pricing and decision-making, and demonstrates how to apply it. Using practical examples, sample documents, Excel worksheets, and graphs, Kricheff covers all this, and much more: yields, spreads, and total return; ratio analysis of liquidity and asset value; business trend analysis; modeling and scenarios; potential interest rate impacts; evaluating and potentially escaping leveraged finance covenants; how to assess equity (and why it matters); investing on news and events; early stage credit; and creating accurate credit snapshots. This book is an indispensable resource for all investment and underwriting professionals, money managers, consultants, accountants, advisors, and lawyers working in leveraged finance. In fact, it teaches credit analysis skills that will be valuable in analyzing a wide variety of higher-risk investments, including growth stocks.

Download or read book A Primer on Managing Sovereign Debt Portfolio Risks written by Thordur Jonasson and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-04-06 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper provides an overview of sovereign debt portfolio risks and discusses various liability management operations (LMOs) and instruments used by public debt managers to mitigate these risks. Debt management strategies analyzed in the context of helping reach debt portfolio targets and attain desired portfolio structures. Also, the paper outlines how LMOs could be integrated into a debt management strategy and serve as policy tools to reduce potential debt portfolio vulnerabilities. Further, the paper presents operational issues faced by debt managers, including the need to develop a risk management framework, interactions of debt management with fiscal policy, monetary policy, and financial stability, as well as efficient government bond markets.

Download or read book The Handbook of China s Financial System written by Marlene Amstad and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-17 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, in-depth, and authoritative guide to China's financial system The Chinese economy is one of the most important in the world, and its success is driven in large part by its financial system. Though closely scrutinized, this system is poorly understood and vastly different than those in the West. The Handbook of China’s Financial System will serve as a standard reference guide and invaluable resource to the workings of this critical institution. The handbook looks in depth at the central aspects of the system, including banking, bonds, the stock market, asset management, the pension system, and financial technology. Each chapter is written by leading experts in the field, and the contributors represent a unique mix of scholars and policymakers, many with firsthand knowledge of setting and carrying out Chinese financial policy. The first authoritative volume on China’s financial system, this handbook sheds new light on how it developed, how it works, and the prospects and direction of significant reforms to come. Contributors include Franklin Allen, Marlene Amstad, Kaiji Chen, Tuo Deng, Hanming Fang, Jin Feng, Tingting Ge, Kai Guo, Zhiguo He, Yiping Huang, Zhaojun Huang, Ningxin Jiang, Wenxi Jiang, Chang Liu, Jun Ma, Yanliang Mao, Fan Qi, Jun Qian, Chenyu Shan, Guofeng Sun, Xuan Tian, Chu Wang, Cong Wang, Tao Wang, Wei Xiong, Yi Xiong, Tao Zha, Bohui Zhang, Tianyu Zhang, Zhiwei Zhang, Ye Zhao, and Julie Lei Zhu.

Download or read book Financing Transitions written by François M. de Visscher and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2011-01-04 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If a family-owned company is to endure and provide the maximum potential opportunity for future generations, it must plan for provision of both adequate shareholder liquidity and sufficient business capital. Many believe their options are limited: restrict money available to the family; sell the business; or go public. Rather than allowing financial pressures to destroy the family business, careful planning and sophisticated use of the growing collection of financial techniques can help the family retain business control and make wise choices among many available alternatives. Financing Transitions is a guide to * anticipating and managing capital and liquidity needs * understanding how the "Family Effect" can be a family business' greatest asset--or its greatest threat * recognizing how predictable family business transitions can erupt into family crises * keeping patient capital from becoming impatient; * controlling the family business's cost of capital; and much more... Financing Transitions: gives business owners the financial insight and understanding needed to provide future generations with the fullest possible opportunity to enjoy the unique benefits of business ownership.

Download or read book Capital Structure and Corporate Financing Decisions written by H. Kent Baker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to making better capital structure and corporate financing decisions in today's dynamic business environment Given the dramatic changes that have recently occurred in the economy, the topic of capital structure and corporate financing decisions is critically important. The fact is that firms need to constantly revisit their portfolio of debt, equity, and hybrid securities to finance assets, operations, and future growth. Capital Structure and Corporate Financing Decisions provides an in-depth examination of critical capital structure topics, including discussions of basic capital structure components, key theories and practices, and practical application in an increasingly complex corporate world. Throughout, the book emphasizes how a sound capital structure simultaneously minimizes the firm's cost of capital and maximizes the value to shareholders. Offers a strategic focus that allows you to understand how financing decisions relates to a firm's overall corporate policy Consists of contributed chapters from both academics and experienced professionals, offering a variety of perspectives and a rich interplay of ideas Contains information from survey research describing actual financial practices of firms This valuable resource takes a practical approach to capital structure by discussing why various theories make sense and how firms use them to solve problems and create wealth. In the wake of the recent financial crisis, the insights found here are essential to excelling in today's volatile business environment.

Download or read book Advances in Financial Planning and Forecasting written by Cheng-Few Lee and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-04-22 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are ten papers in this volume. They are: An Empirical Examination of The Intraday Return Volatility Process - this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the distributional and time-series properties of intraday returns. The purpose is to determine whether a GARCH model that allows for time variance in a process can adequately represent intraday return volatility. The Valuation of New Product Introduction Under Uncertain Competition: A Real Option Approach - this paper investigates how a stochastic competition process in a two-factor real option model could affect the value of future product development opportunities. Our results also indicate that product development opportunities are more valuable: in a more volatile environment; when the window of opportunities is longer; and when the competitive intensity is lower. Earnings, Dividends, and Equity Value of Multinational Firms - this paper develops and tests a valuation model, whose main prediction is that equity value is a function of earnings, dividends and book value, where the function depends on the relative level of multinationality. Benford's Law and Its Application in Financial Fraud Detection - this paper has discussed Benford's law, which explains that the leading (first or leftmost) digit in a series of natural numbers is not evenly distributed among the digits 1 to 9. The main purpose of this study actually seeks to explore a new methodological approach to datamining that can be of some real practical value; especially to the auditors and forensic accountants in detecting financial frauds. Estimation of the Degree of Integration in the U.S. Maturity Rates Using Semiparametric Techniques - this paper examines the order of integration of several U.S. Treasury maturity rates by means of using semiparametric techniques. The results show that the order of integration of the one and three year maturity rates is strictly above. It oscillates around one in case of the five-year rate, and the values are strictly below 1 (and thus showing mean reversion), for the seven and ten-year rates. On Country-Fund Price Behavior-An Empirical Analysis of Cointegrating Factors - this paper provides empirical evidence on the price behavior of closed-end country funds. Using the data from 47 closed-end single-country funds, we examine three Cointegrating factors to describe the long-run behavior of country-fund share prices. They are: the Net Asset Value (NAV), foreign stock-market indexes, and the U.S. stock market index. Strategic Capital Budgeting: the Abandonment Option with Political Risk - this paper investigates the strategic role of political risk and timing in the capital budgeting process that includes both investment and disinvestments. The model developed in the paper highlights the role of the probability of an investment ending political event in the capital budgeting process. Time Series Model Complexity and Firm Valuation: the Case of AR1 Firms Versus Non-AR1 Firms - this study examines the effect of the complexity of quarterly earnings generating time series models on firm valuation. The examination is limited to the comparison between AR1 firms and non-AR1 firms, and the evaluations are based on the levels approach. Results consistently show that the association between quarterly stock prices and quarterly earnings is higher for AR1 firms than that for non-AR1 firms. The effect of firm size is also investigated. Debt Covenant Violation and the Value Relevance of Accounting Information - this study documents that investors exercise their liquidation option on firms facing less severe financial distress than bankruptcy filings. This study finds that the valuation shift from earnings to book value of equity in the violation manifestation period is reversed in the post-violation recovery period. This suggests that the valuation distortion in the pre-violation period is temporary rather than permanent. What's Next: Merger in the Lebanese Banking Sector - this paper studies banking preference and behavior of Lebanese people. If small banks are to survive, the findings of the study reaffirm the importance of vertically merging banks in Lebanon. The reliance on digital technology is increasing every day. To deepen the problem, small Lebanese banks are finding themselves in a digital environment that affects their ability to compete in a fierce environment.