Download or read book Deactivation Modeling of Cobalt Fischer Tropsch Catalysts in Different Reactor Configurations written by Majid Sadeqzadeh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalyst deactivation remains a major challenge in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; as it reduces the catalyst lifetime as well as its productivity. Deactivation can be attributed to certain mechanisms according to the literature. Sintering is proposed in this work to be responsible for the initial deactivation whereas coking is suggested to be the main cause of long-term deactivation. The final objective of this thesis is to develop the mechanistic models which could predict the extent of catalyst deactivation with time. In the first step, the change in the catalyst physico-chemical properties with time on stream is considered. A three-step sintering model is proposed which involves the effect of water acceleration through the formation of surface cobalt oxide layer. This mechanism allows correlating the crystallites growth with certain operating conditions especially the H2O/H2 molar ratio inside the reactor. We have also developed a mechanism for the active site poisoning by carbon deposition for the long-term deactivation. This mechanism helps to evaluate the change in the active sites coverage with time as well the CO, H2, and H2O mole fractions. The two microscopic models are then integrated in the reactor models in order to correlate the change in the catalytic activity with the catalyst properties. We have developed the models dedicated to fixed bed and slurry reactors. The effect of operating conditions on the crystallite size, active sites fraction, and conversion is considered by the simulations. The models are then employed in the laboratory scale reactors to fit the experimental data and to optimize the deactivation constants.

Download or read book Identification of Deactivation Mechanisms of Cobalt Fischer Tropsch Catalysts in Slurry Reactor written by Diego Peña Zapata and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fischer Tropsch Technology written by André Steynberg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-10-30 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fischer-Tropsch Technology is a unique book for its state-of-the-art approach to Fischer Tropsch (FT) technology. This book provides an explanation of the basic principles and terminology that are required to understand the application of FT technology. It also contains comprehensive references to patents and previous publications. As the first publication to focus on theory and application, it is a contemporary reference source for students studying chemistry and chemical engineering. Researchers and engineers active in the development of FT technology will also find this book an invaluable source of information. * Is the first publication to cover the theory and application for modern Fischer Tropsch technology * Contains comprehensive knowledge on all aspects relevant to the application of Fischer Tropsch technology* No other publication looks at past, present and future applications

Download or read book Iron and Cobalt Catalysts written by Wilson D. Shafer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-06-23 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the turn of the last century when the field of catalysis was born, iron and cobalt have been key players in numerous catalysis processes. These metals, due to their ability to activate CO and CH, haev a major economic impact worldwide. Several industrial processes and synthetic routes use these metals: biomass-to-liquids (BTL), coal-to-liquids (CTL), natural gas-to-liquids (GTL), water-gas-shift, alcohol synthesis, alcohol steam reforming, polymerization processes, cross-coupling reactions, and photocatalyst activated reactions. A vast number of materials are produced from these processes, including oil, lubricants, waxes, diesel and jet fuels, hydrogen (e.g., fuel cell applications), gasoline, rubbers, plastics, alcohols, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, feed-stock chemicals, and other alternative materials. However, given the true complexities of the variables involved in these processes, many key mechanistic issues are still not fully defined or understood. This Special Issue of Catalysis will be a collaborative effort to combine current catalysis research on these metals from experimental and theoretical perspectives on both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts. We welcome contributions from the catalysis community on catalyst characterization, kinetics, reaction mechanism, reactor development, theoretical modeling, and surface science.

Download or read book Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts and Catalysis written by Burtron H. Davis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-06 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on a symposium held during the 248th American Chemical Society meeting that focused on use of the Fischer-Tropsch process in producing synthetic fuels. Its contents reflect the four dominant subjects of the meeting: catalyst preparation and activation, catalyst activity and reaction mechanisms, catalyst characterization and related reactions, and topics concerning commercializing the Fischer-Tropsch process. It covers recent developments related to renewable resources and green energy and provides a glimpse of the commercial potential of the Fischer-Tropsch process in synthetic fuel production.

Download or read book Modeling Fischer Tropsch Product Distribution of a Cobalt Based Catalyst in Different Reaction Media written by Shaik Afzal and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work discusses the modeling of hydrocarbon product distribution up to carbon number 15 of a cobalt-based catalyst under Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis conditions. The proposed kinetics of the reaction has been adapted from Todic et al. In the first part of the study, a Genetic Algorithm code in MATLAB® was developed to generate parameters of the 19-parameter kinetic model. In the next part of the work, an experimental campaign was conducted in a high pressure FT reactor unit to verify the model predictability of the cobalt catalyst product profile in gas phase. The results in terms of conversion and hydrocarbon product formations were reported. Less than 12% CO conversion was maintained in all 7 runs in order to ensure that the reaction was occurring in the kinetic regime. After the peak identification and analysis, the experimental data was input into the developed MATLAB® code to estimate model parameters. This model estimates the FT product distribution in the gas phase media with a mean absolute relative residual (MARR) of 48.44%. This is higher than that obtained by Todic et al. The higher error is attributed to the fewer number of experimental runs carried out and due to some assumptions made in product characterization. This work lays the foundation for future work towards investigations of FT product distribution in the presence of a supercritical solvent to bring the reaction media to near critical and supercritical phase conditions. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155409

Download or read book Advances in Catalyst Deactivation written by Calvin H. Bartholomew and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-10-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Advances in Catalyst Deactivation" that was published in Catalysts

Download or read book Advances in Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Catalysts and Catalysis written by B. H. Davis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising oil costs have stimulated significant interest in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) as a method for producing a synthetic petroleum substitute. Drawn from the proceedings at a symposium held during the 236th meeting of the American Chemical Society in Philadelphia in August 2008, Advances in Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis, Catalysts, and Cataly

Download or read book Structured Catalysts and Reactors written by Andrzej Cybulski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-02 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in structured catalysts is steadily increasing due to the already proven, as well as potential, advantages of these catalysts. Updating the comprehensive coverage of the first edition published in 1998 with the latest science and applications, Structured Catalysts and Reactors, Second Edition gives detailed information on all aspect

Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion VI written by T.H. Fleisch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-06-01 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains peer-reviewed manuscripts describing the scientific and technological advances presented at the 6th Natural Gas Conversion Sumposium held in Alaska in June 2001. This symposium continues the tradition of excellence and the status as the premier technical meeting in this area established by previous meetings.The 6th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium is conducted under the overall direction of the Organizing Committee. The Program Committee was responsible for the review, selection, editing of most of the manuscripts included in this volum. A standing International Advisory Board has ensured the effective long-term planning and the continuity and technical excellence of these meetings.

Download or read book Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts written by J. Oudar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1985-07-02 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deactivation and Poisoning of Catalysts presents the most current research in the area of heterogeneous catalysis. It focuses on the chemically induced effects associated with bonded surface species that cause catalyst activity decline -- and in some cases a change in catalyst specificity. In addition, this volume examines poisoning of dispersed metal catalysts ... the thermodynamics of sulfur-metal and carbon-metal interactions ... model poisoning reactions on single crystals ... deactivation in petroleum refining and petrochemical processes ... coking of metal catalysts ... and more. The new approaches and solutions to catalyst deactivation and poisoning presented in this guide are invaluable to all heterogeneous catalysis specialists, including chemical and petroleum engineers, and surface, synthetic, physical, and industrial chemists. Book jacket.

Download or read book Fischer Tropsch Refining written by Arno de Klerk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-12-21 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fischer-Tropsch process is gaining recognition again due to the world-wide increase in energy needs and decrease in oil availability. The increasing interest in utilizing biomass as a potential renewable feedstock in energy generation is further supporting this development. The book covers the production and refining of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude to fuels and chemicals systematically and comprehensively, presenting a wealth of new knowledge and material. As such, it deals extensively with aspects of engineering, chemistry and catalysis. This handbook and ready reference adopts a fundamental approach, looking at the molecules and their transformation from feed to product. Numerous examples illustrate the possibilities and limitations of Fischer-Tropsch syncrude as feesdstock. Of great interest to everyone interested in refining - not just Fischer-Tropsch specialists. From the Contents: Fischer-Tropsch Facilities and Refineries at a Glance Production of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude Industrial Fischer-Tropsch Facilities Synthetic Transportation Fuels Refining Technology Refinery Design

Download or read book Fundamental Understanding of Cobalt Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Catalyst Deactivation written by D. Kistamurthy and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Preparation of Active Stable Supported Iron Catalysts and Deactivation by Carbon of Cobalt Catalysts for Fischer Tropsch Synthesis written by Kamyar Keyvanloo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of this dissertation investigates the effects of operating conditions including the partial pressures of CO and H2 and temperature on the deactivation by carbon of 25 wt% Co/ 0.25 wt% Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. It also reports the kinetics of the main FT reaction on this catalyst. As temperature increases, the H2 and CO orders for the main reaction (in the absence of deactivation) become more positive and more negative, respectively. A new mechanism was proposed to account for the inhibition effect of CO at high reaction temperatures, which includes H-assisted dissociation of CO to C* and OH*. Further, twelve samples of the CoPt/Al2O3 catalyst were tested over a period of 800 hours and XCO

Download or read book A Theoretical View on Deactivation of Cobalt based Fischer Tropsch Catalysts written by Jurie Christiaan Wessels Swart and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Gas Conversion V written by A. Parmaliana and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-09-17 with total page 1005 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On January 1988, the ascertained and economically accessible reserves of Natural Gas (NG) amounted to over 144,000 billion cubic meters worldwide, corresponding to 124 billion tons of oil equivalents (comparable with the liquid oil reserves, which are estimated to be 138 billion TOE). It is hypothesized that the volume of NG reserve will continue to grow at the same rate of the last decade. Forecasts on production indicate a potential increase from about 2,000 billion cubic meters in 1990 to not more than 3,300 billion cubic meters in 2010, even in a high economic development scenario. NG consumption represents only one half of oil: 1.9 billion TOE/y as compared to 3.5 of oil. Consequently, in the future gas will exceed oil as a carbon atom source. In the future the potential for getting energetic vectors or petrochemicals from NG will continue to grow.The topics covered in Natural Gas Conversion V reflect the large global R&D effort to look for new and economic ways of NG exploitation. These range from the direct conversion of methane and light paraffins to the indirect conversion through synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals. Particularly underlined and visible are the technologies already commercially viable.These proceedings prove that mature and technologically feasible processes for natural gas conversion are already available and that new and improved catalytic approaches are currently developing, the validity and feasibility of which will soon be documented. This is an exciting area of modern catalysis, which will certainly open novel and rewarding perspectives for the chemical, energy and petrochemical industries.

Download or read book Computer Simulation of a Plug Flow Reactor for Cobalt Catalyzed Fischer Tropsch Synthesis Using a Microkinetic Model written by Yin Jing and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rising demand for more energy and limited availability of depleting crude oil reserves, it is increasingly important to look for alternatives to classic petroleum production. Fischer-Tropsch synthesis is recognized as a very promising process to convert natural gas, coal and biomass into liquid fuel, which can reduce the dependence on fossil fuel. In order to give more reliable data about catalyst selectivity and yield before bulk production, this research is going to simulate a plug flow reactor used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. While these reactors have been simulated before, this research will be the first to combine models of (a) the microkinetics on the catalyst surface, (b) diffusion into and out of the catalyst pore and (c) macroscopic composition profile along the reactor. The method adopted in this research is a combination of numerical techniques, such as Runge-Kutta Method, Shooting Method and Secant Method. The resulting simulation package will offer insights into catalyst design and provide more reliable information on catalyst selectivity and product yield over a wide range of process parameters.