Download or read book Data driven Cooperative Control for Wind Farm Power Maximization written by Jinkyoo Park and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among the various renewable energy sources, wind power has proven effective for large-scale energy production. To increase wind power production, it is essential not only to increase the number of wind farms but also to operate them efficiently. Conventionally, for a given wind condition, each individual wind turbine maximizes its own power production without taking into consideration the conditions of other wind turbines. Under this greedy control strategy, the wake formed by the upstream wind turbine, resulting in reduced wind speed and increased turbulence intensity inside the wake, would affect and lower the power production of downstream wind turbines. This thesis investigates a cooperative wind farm control approach to optimally coordinate the control actions (i.e., the operational conditions) of the wind turbines. The optimally coordinated control actions minimize the wake interference among the wind turbines and would therefore increase the total wind farm power production. To determine the optimum coordinated control actions, two methods are discussed in this thesis. First, the optimum coordinated control actions for wind turbines are determined using an analytical approach by employing mathematical optimization. In this approach, the total wind farm power is expressed as a function of the control actions of all the wind turbines. The wind farm power function is then maximized using sequential quadratic programming to determine the optimum coordinated control actions for the wind turbines. The effectiveness of the cooperative control strategy is studied using an example wind farm site and available wind data. For the second approach, the optimum coordinated control actions of the wind turbines are derived using the input (control actions of wind turbines) and output (wind farm power) data of a target wind farm. For real-time, data-driven wind farm control, an optimization algorithm should be able to improve target wind farm power production by executing as few trial actions as possible using the wind farm power monitoring data. To achieve this goal, a Bayesian Ascent (BA) algorithm is developed by incorporating into the Bayesian Optimization framework a trust region strategy that regulates the search domain. Numerical simulations using the wind farm power function show that the BA algorithm can be as effective as the analytical approach. Wind tunnel experiments with scaled wind turbines are conducted to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the data-driven BA algorithm for real-time control. Experimental results show that the BA algorithm can achieve a monotonic increase in the total wind farm power production using a small number of trial actions and demonstrate the potential of the BA algorithm for the real-time wind farm control problem.

Download or read book In operation Learning of Optimal Wind Farm Operation Strategy written by Joan Oliva Gratacós and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a wind farm, power losses due to wind turbine wake effects can be up to 30-40% under certain conditions. As the global installed wind power capacity increases, the mitigation of wake effects in wind farms is gaining more importance. Following a conventional control strategy, each individual turbine maximizes its own power production without taking into consideration its effects on the performance of downstream turbines. Therefore, this control scheme results in operation conditions that yield suboptimal power production. In order to increase the overall wind farm power production, a cooperative control strategy can be used, which coordinates the control actions among the wind turbines in the wind farm. This work further investigates the model-free Bayesian Ascent optimization algorithm using SimWindFarm and a standalone Dynamic Wake Meandering model-based simulation tool An advantage of such optimization approach is that the control strategy adapts to operational conditions in the wind farm and is not model-dependent. An approximation of the wind farm power function is constructed using GP regression to fit the control action inputs and the noisy measured power outputs, which is then maximized to determine the optimal control inputs. This estimation is updated in every iteration, allowing the control system to learn from the target system while performing the optimization. The usage of all historical data, along with a trust region constraint in the sampling of new inputs, contribute to a fast convergence rate with gradual changes of the control actions. The developed learning technique is implemented in a wind farm controller and tested in both SimWindFarm and standalone Dynamic Wake Meandering model-based simulation tools. With the conducted tests, performance of the algorithm is assessed considering the different dynamics in the wind farm, thus obtaining an accurate representation of real farm operation. The developed controller reliably improves farm efficiency, even with uncertainty present in measurements. Compared to traditional control strategies, an increase in total wind farm power production is obtained when using a cooperative control strategy. Such enhancement in wind farm performance would result in an improvement of wind farm economics and hence in further growth of wind-energy based power generation.

Download or read book Decision and Control in Hybrid Wind Farms written by Harsh S. Dhiman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-28 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on two of the most important aspects of wind farm operation: decisions and control. The first part of the book deals with decision-making processes, and explains that hybrid wind farm operation is governed by a set of alternatives that the wind farm operator must choose from in order to achieve optimal delivery of wind power to the utility grid. This decision-making is accompanied by accurate forecasts of wind speed, which must be known beforehand. Errors in wind forecasting can be compensated for by pumping power from a reserve capacity to the grid using a battery energy storage system (BESS). Alternatives based on penalty cost are assessed using certain criteria, and MCDM methods are used to evaluate the best choice. Further, considering the randomness in the dynamic phenomenon in wind farms, a fuzzy MCDM approach is applied during the decision-making process to evaluate the best alternative for hybrid wind farm operation. Case studies from wind farms in the USA are presented, together with numerical solutions to the problem. In turn, the second part deals with the control aspect, and especially with yaw angle control, which facilitates power maximization at wind farms. A novel transfer function-based methodology is presented that controls the wake center of the upstream turbine(s); lidar-based numerical simulation is carried out for wind farm layouts; and an adaptive control strategy is implemented to achieve the desired yaw angle for upstream turbines. The proposed methodology is tested for two wind farm layouts. Wake management is also implemented for hybrid wind farms where BESS life enhancement is studied. The effect of yaw angle on the operational cost of BESS is assessed, and case studies for wind farm datasets from the USA and Denmark are discussed. Overall, the book provides a comprehensive guide to decision and control aspects for hybrid wind farms, which are particularly important from an industrial standpoint.

Download or read book Wind Farm Cooperative Control Strategies for Optimal Power Generation and Frequency Control written by Sameer Alsharif and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As wind energy penetration increases, grid operators need more control capabilities of the wind farms. Typical wind farm control solutions currently used by wind turbine manufacturers and developers are based on simple look-up table algorithms for active and reactive power generation, and for the associated frequency and voltage control strategies. However, this approach does not consider power generation efficiency or mechanical fatigue issues at the wind farm level. To address these critical problems, we develop a new cooperative control strategy that provides power generation optimization for the frequency control case with de-rated wind turbines. The new methodology relies on finding the optimum rotational velocity of the wind turbines of the wind farm such that the sensitivity of power generation to the change in the wind velocity is minimized. The new strategy is validated at three complementary levels: (1) a multi-turbine simulator with 20 wind turbines with different rotors, sizes and wind speed, (2) a 2 machine wind farm based on the 5 MW NREL FAST simulator, and (3) real experiments of a small wind farm at the wind tunnel of the Control and Energy Systems Center, CWRU. The results increase the grid operator’s control capabilities and open the door to higher wind energy penetration levels.

Download or read book Wind Turbine Power Optimization Technology written by Francesco Castellani and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind turbines are one of the most promising renewable energy technologies, and this motivates fertile research activity about developments in power optimization. This topic covers a wide range of aspects, from the research on aerodynamics and control design to the industrial applications about on-site wind turbine performance control and monitoring. This Special Issue collects seven research papers about several innovative aspects of the multi-faceted topic of wind turbine power optimization technology. The seven research papers deal respectively with the aerodynamic optimization of wind turbine blades through Gurney flaps; optimization of blade design for large offshore wind turbines; control design optimization of large wind turbines through the analysis of the competing objectives of energy yield maximization and fatigue loads minimization; design optimization of a tension leg platform for floating wind turbines; innovative methods for the assessment of wind turbine optimization technologies operating on site; optimization of multiple wake interactions modeling through the introduction of a mixing coefficient in the energy balance method; and optimization of the dynamic stall control of vertical-axis wind turbines through plasma actuators. This Special Issue presents remarkable research activities in the timely subject of wind turbine power optimization technology, covering various aspects. The collection is believed to be beneficial to readers and contribute to the wind power industry.

Download or read book Towards Data driven Control for Modern Wind Turbines written by Ivo Houtzager and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Computing Strategies for Engineering written by Ian F. C. Smith and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-09 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This double volume set ( LNAI 10863-10864) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 25th International Workshop, EG-ICE 2018, held in Lausanne, Switzerland, in June 2018. The 58 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 108 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on Advanced Computing in Engineering, Computer Supported Construction Management, Life-Cycle Design Support, Monitoring and Control Algorithms in Engineering, and BIM and Engineering Ontologies.

Download or read book Control and Operation of Grid Connected Wind Farms written by John N. Jiang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the point of view of grid integration and operation, this monograph advances the subject of wind energy control from the individual-unit to the wind-farm level. The basic objectives and requirements for successful integration of wind energy with existing power grids are discussed, followed by an overview of the state of the art, proposed solutions and challenges yet to be resolved. At the individual-turbine level, a nonlinear controller based on feedback linearization, uncertainty estimation and gradient-based optimization is shown robustly to control both active and reactive power outputs of variable-speed turbines with doubly-fed induction generators. Heuristic coordination of the output of a wind farm, represented by a single equivalent turbine with energy storage to optimize and smooth the active power output is presented. A generic approximate model of wind turbine control developed using system identification techniques is proposed to advance research and facilitate the treatment of control issues at the wind-farm level. A supervisory wind-farm controller is then introduced with a view to maximizing and regulating active power output under normal operating conditions and unusual contingencies. This helps to make the individual turbines cooperate in such as way that the overall output of the farm accurately tracks a reference and/or is statistically as smooth as possible to improve grid reliability. The text concludes with an overall discussion of the promise of advanced wind-farm control techniques in making wind an economic energy source and beneficial influence on grid performance. The challenges that warrant further research are succinctly enumerated. Control and Operation of Grid-Connected Wind Farms is primarily intended for researchers from a systems and control background wishing to apply their expertise to the area of wind-energy generation. At the same time, coverage of contemporary solutions to fundamental operational problems will benefit power/energy engineers endeavoring to promote wind as a reliable and clean source of electrical power.

Download or read book Data Science for Wind Energy written by Yu Ding and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data Science for Wind Energy provides an in-depth discussion on how data science methods can improve decision making for wind energy applications, near-ground wind field analysis and forecast, turbine power curve fitting and performance analysis, turbine reliability assessment, and maintenance optimization for wind turbines and wind farms. A broad set of data science methods covered, including time series models, spatio-temporal analysis, kernel regression, decision trees, kNN, splines, Bayesian inference, and importance sampling. More importantly, the data science methods are described in the context of wind energy applications, with specific wind energy examples and case studies. Please also visit the author’s book site at https://aml.engr.tamu.edu/book-dswe. Features Provides an integral treatment of data science methods and wind energy applications Includes specific demonstration of particular data science methods and their use in the context of addressing wind energy needs Presents real data, case studies and computer codes from wind energy research and industrial practice Covers material based on the author's ten plus years of academic research and insights

Download or read book Structural Health Monitoring 2015 written by Fu-Kuo Chang and published by DEStech Publications, Inc. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 1644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, September 1–3, 2015. Selected research on the entire spectrum of structural health techniques and areas of applicationAvailable in print, complete online text download or individual articles. Series book comprising two volumes provides selected international research on the entire spectrum of structural health monitoring techniques used to diagnose and safeguard aircraft, vehicles, buildings, civil infrastructure, ships and railroads, as well as their components such as joints, bondlines, coatings and more. Includes special sections on system design, signal processing, multifunctional materials, sensor distribution, embedded sensors for monitoring composites, reliability and applicability in extreme environments. The extensive contents can be viewed below.

Download or read book Analysis of Model free Control of Wind Farms Using Large eddy Simulations written by Umberto Ciri and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind farms are clusters of wind turbines deployed over a relatively small area. During operations, the wake from upstream turbines may impinge on trailing turbines causing a decrease in power production. Wind farm control strategies aim at mitigating the effect of wake interactions. In this dissertation, model-free control strategies for wind farm power maximization have been evaluated using numerical simulations of the flow through wind farms. A model-free approach does not require a priori assumptions on the physical system, but learns on-line the system dynamics, avoiding modeling uncertainties. The control strategies are based on extremum-seeking control (ESC), a real-time gradient-based optimization algorithm. Either the turbine generator torque or the rotor yaw angle is used as the control parameter tuned by ESC to optimize the wind farm power production. The generator torque adjusts the turbine angular speed and the momentum deficit in the trailing wake, while the yaw angle serves to vary the direction of the wake and avoid trailing turbines. We first consider several implementations of ESC and assess their performances and practical feasibility. Both torque- and yaw-based ESC enhance power production, but the latter has a larger margin for improvement. For idealised turbine arrays, ESC achieves a potential power improvement of at least 7–8% compared to operations with design settings for an isolated turbine. After this calibration, we perform an optimization study for a real wind farm and obtain a quantitative evaluation of the impact of the control strategy in annual energy production. Large-eddy simulations with rotating actuator disk are used, in the first place, to provide a virtual wind farm to test the control algorithms. Additionally, the numerical data are investigated to gain a physical insight on the mechanisms underlying the performance improvement and broaden the impact of the optimization.

Download or read book Wind farm Power Optimization Based on Data driven Generalizations of Engineering Wake Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wind Farm Dynamics and Power Optimization in Realistic Atmospheric Boundary Layer Conditions written by Michael Frederick Howland and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of wind farms within realistic atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) conditions is critical to understand the governing physics of the system and to design optimal operational protocols. Aerodynamic wake interactions between individual wind turbines typically reduce total wind farm energy production 10-20% and increase the cost of electricity for this resource. Further, in large wind farms, the collective farm efficiency is in part dictated by the interaction between the wind farm and the turbulent ABL and, correspondingly, the vertical transport of kinetic energy into the turbine array. Coriolis forces, arising from the projection of Earth's rotation into a non-inertial rotating Earth-fixed frame, modify the interaction of a wind farm with the ABL. The traditional approximation made in typical ABL simulations assumes that the horizontal component of Earth's rotation is negligible in the atmospheric boundary layer. When including the horizontal component of Earth's rotation, the boundary layer and wind farm physics are a function of the geostrophic wind direction. The influence of the geostrophic wind direction on a wind farm atmospheric boundary layer was characterized using conventionally neutral and stable boundary layer large eddy simulations (LES). In the Northern hemisphere, geostrophic winds from west-to-east establish the horizontal component of Earth's rotation as a sink term in the shear Reynolds stress budget whereas the horizontal component manifests as a source term for east-to-west geostrophic winds. As a result, the magnitude of entrainment of mean kinetic energy into a wind turbine array is modified by the direction of the geostrophic wind, and correspondingly, the boundary layer height and wind speed and direction profiles depend on the geostrophic wind direction. Historically, wind farm control protocols have optimized the performance of individual wind turbines which results in aerodynamic wake interactions and a reduction in wind farm efficiency. Considering the wind farm as a collective, a physics- and data-driven wake steering control method to increase the power production of wind farms is developed. Upwind turbines, which generate turbulent energy-deficit wake regions which impinge on downwind generates, are intentionally yaw misaligned with respect to the incident ABL wind. While the yaw misaligned turbine may produce less power than in yaw aligned operation, the downwind generators may significantly enhance their production, increasing the collective power for the farm. The wake steering method developed combines a physics-based engineering wake model with state estimation techniques based on the assimilation of the wind farm power production data, which is readily available for control decisions at operational wind farms. Analytic gradients are derived from the wake model and leveraged for efficient yaw misalignment set-point optimization. The open-loop wake steering control methodology was tested in a multi-turbine array at a utility-scale operational wind farm, where it statistically significantly increased the power production over standard operation. The analytic gradient-based wind farm power optimization methodology developed can optimize the yaw misalignment angles for large wind farms on the order of seconds, enabling online real-time control. The dynamics of the ABL range from microscale features on the order of meters to mesoscale meteorological scales on the order of hundreds of kilometers. As a result of the broad range of scales and diversity of competing forces, the wind farm interaction with the turbulent ABL is a complex dynamical system, necessitating closed-loop control which is able to dynamically adapt to the evolving wind conditions. In order to rapidly design and improve dynamic closed-loop wind farm controllers, we developed wind farm LES capabilities which incorporate Coriolis and stratification effects and which permit the experimentation of real-time control strategies. Dynamic, closed-loop wake steering controllers are tested in simulations with full Coriolis effects and, altogether, the results indicate that closed-loop wake steering control can significantly increase wind farm power production over greedy operation provided that site-specific wind farm data is assimilated into the optimal control model.

Download or read book Intelligent Manufacturing Mechatronics written by Mohd Hasnun Arif Hassan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-27 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of SympoSIMM 2018, the 1st edition of the Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing and Mechatronics. With the theme of “Strengthening Innovations Towards Industry 4.0”, the book comprises the studies towards the particularity of Industry 4.0’s current trends. It is divided into five parts covering various scopes of manufacturing engineering and mechatronics stream, namely Intelligent Manufacturing, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Instrumentation, and Modelling and Simulation. It is hoped that this book will benefit the readers in embracing the new era of Industrial Revolution 4.0.

Download or read book Spatio Temporal Data Analytics for Wind Energy Integration written by Lei Yang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This SpringerBrief presents spatio-temporal data analytics for wind energy integration using stochastic modeling and optimization methods. It explores techniques for efficiently integrating renewable energy generation into bulk power grids. The operational challenges of wind, and its variability are carefully examined. A spatio-temporal analysis approach enables the authors to develop Markov-chain-based short-term forecasts of wind farm power generation. To deal with the wind ramp dynamics, a support vector machine enhanced Markov model is introduced. The stochastic optimization of economic dispatch (ED) and interruptible load management are investigated as well. Spatio-Temporal Data Analytics for Wind Energy Integration is valuable for researchers and professionals working towards renewable energy integration. Advanced-level students studying electrical, computer and energy engineering should also find the content useful.

Download or read book Distributed Cooperative Control and Communication for Multi agent Systems written by Dong Yue and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-15 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates distributed cooperative control and communication of MASs including linear systems, nonlinear systems and multiple rigid body systems. The model-based and data-driven control method are employed to design the (optimal) cooperative control protocol. The approaches of this book consist of model-based and data-driven control such as predictive control, event-triggered control, optimal control, adaptive dynamic programming, etc. From this book, readers can learn about distributed cooperative control methods, data-driven control, finite-time stability analysis, cooperative attitude control of multiple rigid bodies. Some fundamental knowledge prepared to read this book is finite-time stability theory, event-triggered sampling mechanism, adaptive dynamic programming and optimal control.

Download or read book Offshore Wind Energy Generation written by Olimpo Anaya-Lara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The offshore wind sector’s trend towards larger turbines, bigger wind farm projects and greater distance to shore has a critical impact on grid connection requirements for offshore wind power plants. This important reference sets out the fundamentals and latest innovations in electrical systems and control strategies deployed in offshore electricity grids for wind power integration. Includes: All current and emerging technologies for offshore wind integration and trends in energy storage systems, fault limiters, superconducting cables and gas-insulated transformers Protection of offshore wind farms illustrating numerous system integration and protection challenges through case studies Modelling of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) and full-converter wind turbines structures together with an explanation of the smart grid concept in the context of wind farms Comprehensive material on power electronic equipment employed in wind turbines with emphasis on enabling technologies (HVDC, STATCOM) to facilitate the connection and compensation of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms Worked examples and case studies to help understand the dynamic interaction between HVDC links and offshore wind generation Concise description of the voltage source converter topologies, control and operation for offshore wind farm applications Companion website containing simulation models of the cases discussed throughout Equipping electrical engineers for the engineering challenges in utility-scale offshore wind farms, this is an essential resource for power system and connection code designers and pratitioners dealing with integation of wind generation and the modelling and control of wind turbines. It will also provide high-level support to academic researchers and advanced students in power and renewable energy as well as technical and research staff in transmission and distribution system operators and in wind turbine and electrical equipment manufacturers.