Download or read book Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells and Neural Networks in 3D Using an Optogenetic Approach and a Hydrogel Model written by Si Yuen Lee and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells written by Baojin Ding and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technology Platforms for 3D Cell Culture written by Stefan Przyborski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology Platforms for 3D Cell Culture: A Users Guide points to the options available to perform 3D culture, shows where such technology is available, explains how it works, and reveals how it can be used by scientists working in their own labs. Offers a comprehensive, focused guide to the current state-of-the-art technologies available for 3D cell culture Features contributions from leading developers and researchers active in 3D cell technology Gives clear instruction and guidance on performing specific 3D culture methods, along with colour illustrations and examples of where such technologies have been successfully applied Includes information on resources and technical support to help initiate the use of 3D culture methods

Download or read book A 3D induced Pluripotent Stem Cell derived Human Neural Culture Model to Study Certain Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of Alzheimer s Disease written by Preeti Prasannan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book 3D Stem Cell Culture written by Joni H. Ylostalo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, stem cells have been drawing increasing interest in basic and translational research that aims to understand stem cell biology and generate new therapies for various disorders. Many stem cells can be cultured in 2D relatively easily using tissue culture plastic. However, many of these cultures do not represent the natural conditions of stem cells in the body. In the body, microenvironments include numerous supporting cells and molecules. Therefore, researchers and clinicians have sought ideal stem cell preparations for basic research and clinical applications, which may be attainable through 3D culture of stem cells. The 3D cultures mimic the conditions of the natural environment of stem cells better, as cells in 3D cultures exhibit many unique and desirable characteristics that could be beneficial for therapeutic interventions. 3D stem cell cultures may employ supporting structures, such as various matrices or scaffolds, in addition to stem cells, to support complex structures. This book brings together recent research on 3D cultures of various stem cells to increase the basic understanding of stem cell culture techniques and also to highlight stem cell preparations for possible novel therapeutic applications.

Download or read book Stem Cell Based Neural Model Systems for Brain Disorders written by Yu-Wen Alvin Huang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-10 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume presents validated and well-adapted procedures involving humanized and/or stem cell-based neural model systems that have proven helpful in better understanding the essential brain functions involved in the pathogenesis of brain disorders. The book explores the generation of multiple neural cell types in 2D and 3D as well as cutting-edge techniques to assay neural function. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Stem Cell-Based Neural Model Systems for Brain Disorders serves as an essential resource for researchers and students in neuroscience, stem cell biology, and related fields.

Download or read book Engineering 3 D Neural Organoid Morphology written by Carlos Ruben Marti-Figueroa and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three-dimensional organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) derivatives have become widely used in vitro models for studying development and disease. Their ability to recapitulate facets of normal human development during in vitro morphogenesis produces tissue structures with unprecedented biomimicry. Current organoid derivation protocols primarily rely on spontaneous morphogenesis processes to occur within 3-D spherical cell aggregates with minimal to no exogenous control. These yields organoids containing microscale regions of biomimetic tissues, but at the macroscale (i.e. 100's of microns to millimeters), the organoids' morphology, cytoarchitecture, and cellular composition are non-biomimetic and variable. The current lack of control over in vitro organoid morphogenesis at the microscale induces aberrations at the macroscale, which impedes realization of the technology's potential to reproducibly form anatomically correct human tissue units that could serve as optimal human in vitro models and even transplants. Here, we have developed a methodology for engineering three-dimensional neural tube organoid morphology using alginate hydrogels with internal architecture and human embryonic stem cells. First, we describe the use of poly(vinyl alcohol)-calcium salt templates (PVOH-Ca) fabricated by micro-injection molding, a parallel mass-production process, to conveniently cast internal geometries within both bulk curing hydrogels and ionically cross-linked alginate hydrogels. Calcium salt solubility was discovered to be a critical factor in optimizing the polymer composite's manufacturability, mechanical properties, and the quantity of calcium released upon template dissolution. Metrological and computed tomography (CT) analysis showed that the template's calcium release enables precise casting of microscale channel geometries within alginate hydrogels (6.4 +/- 7.2% average error). Assembly of modular PVOH-Ca templates to mold 3D channel networks within alginate hydrogels is presented to demonstrate engineering scalability. Secondly, we describe a methodology for the injection hPSCs into alginate hydrogel monoliths with a PVOH-Ca-molded central microscale channel to produce cylindrical aggregates of the channel's shape and diameter, to generated neural organoids that mimicked the developing neural tube. Variables such as the initial cell injection concentration, the method of injection, and physical restriction of the hydrogel channel outlet were found to be critical for the reproducible hPSC cylindrical aggregates. Finally, this platform was used to generate neural tube mimetic organoids using chemically defined media conditions. We found that microscale dimensions of the cylindrical aggregate play an important role in the formation of a single polarized neuroepithelial tube. We found that at 250[mu]m we could generate 3D neuroepithelial tube organoids that resembled the in vivo neural tube as evidenced by the single polarized expression of N-Cadherin, ECM basement membrane protein Laminin, and early neural progenitor marker Pax6. To our knowledge, this is the closest demonstration of a neural tube mimetic in vitro, and we believe it is the first step into standardizing the formation of cerebral organoids. Ultimately, the long-term goal is to use a standardized version of this platform to replicate developmentally relevant corticogenesis in cerebral organoids. Integrating this platform with different cutting-edge techniques such as CRISPR-CAS9 mediated gene editing and patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming will provide a power model to study neurodevelopmental and psychiatric diseases that affect the later structures that develop from NEOs, which are the brain, retina, and spinal cord.

Download or read book 3D Cell Culture written by Zuzana Sumbalova Koledova and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Patient derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Alzheimer s Disease Model and 3D Culture of Neurons on a Multi Electrode Array written by Zhongwen Xiao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) have opened a new direction on study of Alzheimer's Disease due to their pluripotency. Differentiation of iPSC to neurons has been cultured in 2D successfully with solid proof including morphological, electrophysiological and immunological, but the yield is low and unpredictable. However, 3D culture of neurons might be better approach human physiology. As a result, differentiation of iPSCs to neurons in a 3D environment has become a new research topic. We obtained 3 different iPSC cell lines from fibroblasts of, non-demented, mild cognitive impaired and demented human subjects. We differentiated these iPSCs first to neural stem cells (NSC) by neural induction, then into neurons on multi-electrode arrays to measure network electrical activity. We also cultured rat hippocampal neurons in both 2D and 3D environment of Matrigel on the MEAs to compare their average spike rate and average inter spike interval. The 3D cultures of rat neurons indicate a need for further optimization of the 3D matrix. The low yields of neuroprogenitors and neurons from human iPSC suggest a need for better control of the initial generation of the pluripotency of the iPSC.

Download or read book Self Organized 3D Tissue Patterns written by Xiaolu Zhu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Therapies for regenerating damaged tissue and organs have been attracting much attention. In order to efficiently regenerate the functions of living tissue and organs, diverse attempts have been made to utilize scaffolds to “mold” artificial tissue structures. However, the structural complexity of reconstituted tissue is limited by the mechanical precision of scaffolds, which still cause problems arising from their degradation, immunogenic reactions, and so forth. It is also being realized that ultimately the best approach might be to rely on the innate self-organizing properties of cells and the regenerative capability of the organism itself. This book investigates the 3D-pattern formation and evolution mechanism in multipotent cells embedded in 3D semi-synthetic hydrogels and the control methodology for self-organized patterns. The authors theoretically and experimentally demonstrate several types of topological 3D-pattern formation by cells in a 3D matrix in vitro, which can be modeled and predicted by mathematical models based on the reaction-diffusion dynamics of various chemical, physical, and mechanical cues. The study, focused on the 3D pattern formation of cells, provides (i) a unique perspective for understanding the self-organized 3D tissue structures based on Turing instability, (ii) the scheme for rationally controlling the cellular self-organization via exogenous factors or tailored inner interfaces inside hydrogels, and (iii) the elaborate and sophisticated regulating method for tuning collective cellular behaviors in 3D matrices.

Download or read book Human Neural Stem Cells written by Leonora Buzanska and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes early pioneering achievements in the field of human neural stem cell (hNSC) research and combines them with the latest advances in stem cell technology, including reprogramming and gene editing. The powerful potential of hNSC to generate and repair the developing and adult CNS has been confirmed by numerous experimental in vitro and in vivo studies. The book presents methods for hNSC derivation and discusses the mechanisms underlying NSC in vitro fate decisions and their in vivo therapeutic mode of action. The long-standing dogma that the human central nervous system (CNS) lacks the ability to regenerate was refuted at the end of the 20th century, when evidence of the presence of neurogenic zones in the adult human brain was found. These neurogenic zones are home to human neural stem cells (hNSCs), which are capable of self-renewing and differentiating into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. NSCs isolated from human CNS have a number of clinical advantages, especially the innate potential to differentiate into functional neural cells. Nevertheless, their full clinical exploitation has been hindered by limited access to the tissue and low expansion potential. The search for an alternative to CNS sources of autologous, therapeutically competent hNSCs was the driving force for the many studies proving the in vitro plasticity of different somatic stem cells to generate NSCs and their functional progeny. Now the era of induced pluripotent stem cells has opened entirely new opportunities to achieve research and therapeutic goals with the aid of hNSCs.

Download or read book Neural Engineering written by Lijie Grace Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the principles of advanced 3D fabrication techniques, stem cells and biomaterials for neural engineering. Renowned contributors cover topics such as neural tissue regeneration, peripheral and central nervous system repair, brain-machine interfaces and in vitro nervous system modeling. Within these areas, focus remains on exciting and emerging technologies such as highly developed neuroprostheses and the communication channels between the brain and prostheses, enabling technologies that are beneficial for development of therapeutic interventions, advanced fabrication techniques such as 3D bioprinting, photolithography, microfluidics, and subtractive fabrication, and the engineering of implantable neural grafts.There is a strong focus on stem cells and 3D bioprinting technologies throughout the book, including working with embryonic, fetal, neonatal, and adult stem cells and a variety of sophisticated 3D bioprinting methods for neural engineering applications. There is also a strong focus on biomaterials, including various conductive biomaterials and biomimetic nanomaterials such as carbon-based nanomaterials and engineered 3D nanofibrous scaffolds for neural tissue regeneration. Finally, two chapters on in vitro nervous system models are also included, which cover this topic in the context of studying physiology and pathology of the human nervous system, and for use in drug discovery research. This is an essential book for biomedical engineers, neuroscientists, neurophysiologists, and industry professionals.

Download or read book Engineering Novel Materials for Stem Cell Culture and Expansion written by Barbara Louise Ekerdt and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells are a unique class of cells residing in the body which can replicate indefinitely and develop into more specialized types of cells, a process known as differentiation. Specifically, pluipotent stem cells have the ability to turn into all types of cells found in the body. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are the only natural pluripotent stem cell, however much progress in the last decade has expanded the potential of generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from cells as basic as human skin cells. Stem cells, especially iPSCs, could be utilized for many potential therapeutic purposes including tissue engineering, cell replacement therapies, disease modeling, and drug screening. These technologies are not currently feasible for general use due to large amounts of cells required for each application, extremely large patient populations, and few cells surviving implantations. Current stem cell culturing methods do not generate cell numbers at a scalable rate or provide the appropriate biochemical and mechanical cues to aid in proliferation or differentiation to the desired cell types. Therefore, this dissertation focuses on designing and developing novel tunable systems to expand stem cell culture in a scalable manner. This work investigates two different material systems to culture stem cells in three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels. Stem cells exist in very complex microenvironments, receiving inputs from other cells, the extracellular matrix, as well as soluble factors. The systems described in this work aim to create in vitro environments which support cell viability, growth, replication, and potential differentiation by tuning the mechanical and biochemical properties of the hydrogels. Substrate modulus affects stem cell behavior in two-dimensional systems and could play a large role in stem cell behavior and differentiation in 3D systems as well. Therefore, both systems were optimized for the appropriate modulus to support iPSC growth, with the potential to generate gels of varying moduli for enhanced proliferation or differentiation of multiple types of stem cells. Both systems were also designed with specific chemical functionality in order to attach biochemical cues such as proteins or peptides, which may help to better mimic the in vivo environments and improve cell viability. These systems were both designed to easily encapsulate and recover cells by incorporating a thermoreversible component poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). Thermoreversibility and encapsulation overcome the limitations of harsh recovery steps and shear stress associated with many current 3D cell culture methods. One hydrogel system used poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as the hydrophilic component due to its versatility, biocompatibility, and hydrophilicity. The other hydrogel system attached PNIPAAm to hydrophilic hyaluronic acid (HA), a natural polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix which plays an important role in cell signaling and matrix organization. Both of these hydrogel systems successfully supported the growth and expansion of hPSCs, which maintained expression of pluripotency markers after growing within the gels. In summary, this dissertation presents work on designing and developing novel hydrogel materials to encapsulate and grow stem cells to aid in the production of stem cells for future therapeutics.

Download or read book Neural Stem Cells written by Tanja Zigova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, neural stem cell research has provided penetrating insights into the plasticity and regenerative potential of the brain. Stem cells have been isolated from embryonic as well as adult central nervous system (CNS). Many non-CNS mammalian tissues also contain stem cells with a more limited repertoire: the replacement of tissue-specific cells throughout the li- time of the organism. Progress has been made in understanding fundamental stem cell properties that depend on the interplay of extrinsic signaling factors with intrinsic genetic programs within critical time frames. With this growing knowledge, scientists have been able to change a neural stem cell’s fate. - der certain conditions, neural stem cells have been induced to differentiate into cells outside the expected neural lineage and conversely, stem cells from nonneural tissue have been shown to transdifferentiate into cells with distinct neural phenotypes. At the moment, there is an accelerated effort to identify a readily ava- able, socially acceptable stem cell that can be induced to proliferate in an und- ferentiated state and that can be manipulated at will to generate diverse cells types. We are on the threshold of a great new therapeutic era of cellular therapy that has as great, if not greater, potential as the current pharmacologic era, g- rified by antibiotics, anesthetics, pain killers, immunosuppressants, and psyc- tropics.

Download or read book Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Brain Diseases written by Vivi M. Heine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-23 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain diseases can have a large impact on patients and society, and treatment is often not available. A new approach in which somatic cells are reprogrammed into induced pluripotent cells (iPS cells) is a significant breakthrough for regenerative medicine. This promises patient-specific tissue for replacement therapies, as well as disease-specific cells for developmental modeling and drug treatment screening. However, this method faces issues of low reprogramming efficiency, and poorly defined criteria for determining the conversion of one cell type to another. Cells contain epigenetic “memories” of what they were that can affect reprogramming. This book discusses the various methods to reprogram cells, the control and determination of cell identity, the epigenetic models that have emerged and the application of iPS cell therapy for brain diseases, in particular Parkinson’s disease and Vanishing White Matter (VWM).​

Download or read book 3D Cell Culture written by Ranjna C. Dutta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3D cell culture is yet to be adopted and exploited to its full potential. It promises to upgrade and bring our understanding about human physiology to the highest level with the scope of applying the knowledge for better diagnosis as well as therapeutics. The focus of this book is on the direct impact of novel technologies and their evolution into viable products for the benefit of human race. It also describes the fundamentals of cell microenvironment to bring forth the relevance of 3D cell culture in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. It discusses the extracellular matrix/microenvironment (ECM) and emphasizes its significance for growing cells in 3D to accomplish physiologically viable cell mass/tissue ex vivo. The book bridges the knowledge gaps between medical need and the technological applications through illustrations. It discusses the available models for 3D cell culture as well as the techniques to create substrates and scaffolds for achieving desired 3D microenvironment.

Download or read book Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Development written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-22 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Embryonic Stem Cells in Development, Volume 129, the latest release in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics such as recapitulating pancreas development from human embryonic stem cells in a dish, modeling mammalian gastrulation with embryonic stem cells, and a section on what stem cells tell us about human germ cell biology. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series