Download or read book Cu In Ga Se2 Thin Film Evolution During Growth A Photoluminescence Study Preprint written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference paper describes the in-depth understanding of the defect formation and resulting changes in material quality occurring during the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 growth process is vital to the successful and widespread use of this photovoltaic material. In an attempt to develop such an understanding, we investigated the growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-films from (In,Ga)2Se3 precursors. This was achievedby using energy- and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies to characterize a series of thin-films, each removed at a different point along the reaction pathway of the 'three-stage' growth process. The resulting thin-films are representative of the absorber layer as it proceeds from a Cu-rich to In(Ga)-rich state. The experimental results support a growth model incorporating defectchanges in the dominant defect states and improvement in the recombination lifetime during this final stage of the growth process as the material transitions to a Cu-poor phase.
Download or read book A Photoluminescence Study of Cu In Ga S Se 2 Thin Films written by Simon Andreas Schumacher and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Growth of Cu In Ga Se 1tn2 Thin Films written by Thomas Schlenker and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination and Influence of Na Supply and Se Flux During Growth of Cu In Ga Se 1tn2 Thin Films written by George Hanna and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of the Microstructure of Cu In Ga Se2 Thin Films Used in High Efficiency Devices written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference paper describes the microstructure of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) films, as it transitioned from Cu-rich to In-rich composition, by transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We find that the Cu-rich samples have larger grains than the In-rich samples, and they contain two structurally different forms of the CuxSe secondary phase. These samples also show sub-interfaces about 0.2 .mu.m below the surface. The In-rich samples were almost void of these sub-interfaces.
Download or read book Material Properties of Thin Film Cu In Ga Se2 Prepared by Two stage Growth Processes written by Paulos Molefe and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microstructure of Surface Layers in Cu In Ga Se2 Thin Films written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin films used for solar cells, there usually exist interfaces lying about 0.1 to 0.2 m below the surfaces. We report on a convergent-beam electron diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy study of the microstructure and chemical composition of the surface region in Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin films. We find that the surface region and the bulk are structurally similar, with no ordered defect chalcopyrite structure observed. However, their composition is slightly different, indicating that they can have different point-defect physics. Our results suggest that the subinterfaces and the bulk absorber may form homojunctions.
Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.
Download or read book Chemical Solution Deposition of Functional Oxide Thin Films written by Theodor Schneller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first text to cover all aspects of solution processed functional oxide thin-films. Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) comprises all solution based thin- film deposition techniques, which involve chemical reactions of precursors during the formation of the oxide films, i. e. sol-gel type routes, metallo-organic decomposition routes, hybrid routes, etc. While the development of sol-gel type processes for optical coatings on glass by silicon dioxide and titanium dioxide dates from the mid-20th century, the first CSD derived electronic oxide thin films, such as lead zirconate titanate, were prepared in the 1980’s. Since then CSD has emerged as a highly flexible and cost-effective technique for the fabrication of a very wide variety of functional oxide thin films. Application areas include, for example, integrated dielectric capacitors, ferroelectric random access memories, pyroelectric infrared detectors, piezoelectric micro-electromechanical systems, antireflective coatings, optical filters, conducting-, transparent conducting-, and superconducting layers, luminescent coatings, gas sensors, thin film solid-oxide fuel cells, and photoelectrocatalytic solar cells. In the appendix detailed “cooking recipes” for selected material systems are offered.
Download or read book Physics and Technology of Amorphous Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells written by Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s solar cell multi-GW market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer technology, however new cell concepts are entering the market. One very promising solar cell design to answer these needs is the silicon hetero-junction solar cell, of which the emitter and back surface field are basically produced by a low temperature growth of ultra-thin layers of amorphous silicon. In this design, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) constitutes both „emitter“ and „base-contact/back surface field“ on both sides of a thin crystalline silicon wafer-base (c-Si) where the electrons and holes are photogenerated; at the same time, a-Si:H passivates the c-Si surface. Recently, cell efficiencies above 23% have been demonstrated for such solar cells. In this book, the editors present an overview of the state-of-the-art in physics and technology of amorphous-crystalline heterostructure silicon solar cells. The heterojunction concept is introduced, processes and resulting properties of the materials used in the cell and their heterointerfaces are discussed and characterization techniques and simulation tools are presented.
Download or read book Fundamentals Of Solar Cells written by Alan Fahrenbruch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Solar Cells: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion provides an introduction to the fundamental physical principles of solar cells. It aims to promote the expansion of solar photovoltaics from relatively small and specialized use to a large-scale contribution to energy supply. The book begins with a review of basic concepts such as the source of energy, the role of photovoltaic conversion, the development of photovoltaic cells, and sequence of phenomena involved in solar power generation. This is followed by separate chapters on each of the processes that take place in solar cell. These include solar input; properties of semiconductors; recombination and the flow of photogenerated carriers; charge separation and the characteristics of junction barriers; and calculation of solar efficiency. Subsequent chapters deal with the operation of specific solar cell devices such as a single-crystal homojunction (Si); a single-crystal-heterojunction/buried-homojunction (AlGaAs/GaAs); and a polycrystalline, thin-film cell (CuxS/CdS). This book is intended for upper-level graduate students who have a reasonably good understanding of solid state physics and for scientists and engineers involved in research and development of solar cells.
Download or read book Photovoltaic Materials written by Bube Richard H and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-05-30 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and development of photovoltaic solar cells is playing an ever larger practical role in energy supply and ecological conservation all over the world. Many materials science problems are encountered in understanding existing solar cells and the development of more efficient, less costly, and more stable cells. This important and timely book provides a historical overview, but concentrates primarily on exciting developments in the last decade. It describes the properties of the materials that play an important role in photovoltaic applications, the solar cell structures in which they are used, and the experimental and theoretical developments that have led to the most promising contenders./a
Download or read book Halide Perovskites written by Tze-Chien Sum and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real insight from leading experts in the field into the causes of the unique photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, describing the fundamentals of perovskite materials and device architectures. The authors cover materials research and development, device fabrication and engineering methodologies, as well as current knowledge extending beyond perovskite photovoltaics, such as the novel spin physics and multiferroic properties of this family of materials. Aimed at a better and clearer understanding of the latest developments in the hybrid perovskite field, this is a must-have for material scientists, chemists, physicists and engineers entering or already working in this booming field.
Download or read book Nanostructured Materials for Solar Energy Conversion written by Tetsuo Soga and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-14 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured Materials for Solar Energy Conversion covers a wide variety of materials and device types from inorganic materials to organic materials. This book deals with basic semiconductor physics, modelling of nanostructured solar cell, nanostructure of conventional solar cells such as silicon, CIS and CdTe, dye-sensitized solar cell, organic solar cell, photosynthetic materials, fullerene, extremely thin absorber (ETA) solar cell, quantum structured solar cell, intermediate band solar cell, carbon nanotube, etc. including basic principle and the latest results. There are many books written on conventional p-n junction solar cells, but few books focus on new concepts in this area.* Focuses on the use of nanostructured materials for solar energy* Looks at a wide variety of materials and device types* Covers both organic and inorganic materials
Download or read book Two Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides written by Alexander V. Kolobov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-26 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the current status of theoretical and experimental progress in 2 dimensional graphene-like monolayers and few-layers of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). Semiconducting monolayer TMDCs, due to the presence of a direct gap, significantly extend the potential of low-dimensional nanomaterials for applications in nanoelectronics and nano-optoelectronics as well as flexible nano-electronics with unprecedented possibilities to control the gap by external stimuli. Strong quantum confinement results in extremely high exciton binding energies which forms an interesting platform for both fundamental studies and device applications. Breaking of spatial inversion symmetry in monolayers results in strong spin-valley coupling potentially leading to their use in valleytronics. Starting with the basic chemistry of transition metals, the reader is introduced to the rich field of transition metal dichalcogenides. After a chapter on three dimensional crystals and a description of top-down and bottom-up fabrication methods of few-layer and single layer structures, the fascinating world of two-dimensional TMDCs structures is presented with their unique atomic, electronic, and magnetic properties. The book covers in detail particular features associated with decreased dimensionality such as stability and phase-transitions in monolayers, the appearance of a direct gap, large binding energy of 2D excitons and trions and their dynamics, Raman scattering associated with decreased dimensionality, extraordinarily strong light-matter interaction, layer-dependent photoluminescence properties, new physics associated with the destruction of the spatial inversion symmetry of the bulk phase, spin-orbit and spin-valley couplings. The book concludes with chapters on engineered heterostructures and device applications such as a monolayer MoS2 transistor. Considering the explosive interest in physics and applications of two-dimensional materials, this book is a valuable source of information for material scientists and engineers working in the field as well as for the graduate students majoring in materials science.
Download or read book High Efficient Low Cost Photovoltaics written by Vesselinka Petrova-Koch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bird's-eye view of the developmental trends and problems of recent photovoltaics is presented. The worldwide effort to develop high-efficiency low-cost PV modules, making use of most efficient solar cells and clever low-cost solar concentrators is described.
Download or read book ACS Style Guide written by Anne M. Coghill and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the time since the second edition of The ACS Style Guide was published, the rapid growth of electronic communication has dramatically changed the scientific, technical, and medical (STM) publication world. This dynamic mode of dissemination is enabling scientists, engineers, and medicalpractitioners all over the world to obtain and transmit information quickly and easily. An essential constant in this changing environment is the requirement that information remain accurate, clear, unambiguous, and ethically sound.This extensive revision of The ACS Style Guide thoroughly examines electronic tools now available to assist STM writers in preparing manuscripts and communicating with publishers. Valuable updates include discussions of markup languages, citation of electronic sources, online submission ofmanuscripts, and preparation of figures, tables, and structures. In keeping current with the changing environment, this edition also contains references to many resources on the internet.With this wealth of new information, The ACS Style Guide's Third Edition continues its long tradition of providing invaluable insight on ethics in scientific communication, the editorial process, copyright, conventions in chemistry, grammar, punctuation, spelling, and writing style for any STMauthor, reviewer, or editor. The Third Edition is the definitive source for all information needed to write, review, submit, and edit scholarly and scientific manuscripts.
