Download or read book Crystallographic Statistics in Chemical Physics written by Fedor Valach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the concept of crystallographic non- rigidity and asymmetry of the transition elements as central atoms organometallic compounds. This intrinsic behavior of central atoms in condensed matter is quantified by applying statistical approach. Averaging of extrinsic factors in crystal structures is tested by using variance analysis. Introductionof the above mentioned concept and applications of variance analysis as an approximation for considering factors influencing properties of central atomin the crystal is original and new.

Download or read book International Tables for Crystallography Definition and Exchange of Crystallographic Data written by Sydney R. Hall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-19 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Tables for Crystallography Volume G, Definition and exchange of crystallographic data, describes the standard data exchange and archival file format (the Crystallographic Information File, or CIF) used throughout crystallography. It provides in-depth information vital for small-molecule, inorganic and macromolecular crystallographers, mineralogists, chemists, materials scientists, solid-state physicists and others who wish to record or use the results of a single-crystal or powder diffraction experiment. The volume also provides the detailed data ontology necessary for programmers and database managers to design interoperable computer applications. The accompanying CD-ROM contains the CIF dictionaries in machine-readable form and a collection of libraries and utility programs. This volume is an essential guide and reference for programmers of crystallographic software, data managers handling crystal-structure information and practising crystallographers who need to use CIF.

Download or read book International Tables for Crystallography Definition and Exchange of Crystallographic Data written by Sydney Hall and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-10-07 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Tables for Crystallography is the definitive resource and reference work for crystallography and structural science. Each of the volumes in the series contains articles and tables of data relevant to crystallographic research and to applications of crystallographic methods in all sciences concerned with the structure and properties of materials. Emphasis is given to symmetry, diffraction methods and techniques of crystal-structure determination, and the physical and chemical properties of crystals. The data are accompanied by discussions of theory, practical explanations and examples, all of which are useful for teaching. Volume G deals with methods and tools for organizing, archiving and retrieving crystallographic data. The volume describes the Crystallographic Information File (CIF), the standard data exchange and archival file format used throughout crystallography. The volume is divided into five parts: Part 1 – An introduction to the development of CIF. Part 2 – Details concepts and specifications of the files and languages. Part 3 – Discusses general considerations when defining a CIF data item and the classification and use of data. Part 4 - Defines all the data names for the core and other dictionaries. Part 5 - Describes CIF applications, including general advice and considerations for programmers. The accompanying software includes the CIF dictionaries in machine-readable form and a collection of libraries and utility programs. Volume G is an essential guide for programmers and data managers handling crystal-structure information, and provides in-depth information vital for recording or using single-crystal or powder diffraction data in small-molecule, inorganic and biological macromolecular structure science. More information on the series can be found at: http://it.iucr.org

Download or read book Statistical Physics of Crystal Growth written by Yukio Saito and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a systematic overview on the scientific fundamentals of crystal growth from the classical phenomenological description to the recent theoretical contributions of statistical physics such as studies on surface roughening and on the pattern formation in the diffusion-limited growth.The book emphasizes physical concepts as well as mathematical details, and is intended to serve as lecture notes for postgraduate courses.

Download or read book Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry of Materials with Layered Structures written by F.A. Lévy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last ten years, the chemistry and physics of materials with layered structures became an intensively investigated field in the study of the solid state. Research into physical properties of these crystals and especially investigations of their physical anisotropy related to the structural anisotropy has led to remarkable and perplexing results. Most of the layered materials exist in several polytypic modifications and can include stacking faults. The crystal structures are therefore complex and it became apparent that there was a great need for a review of the crystallographic data of materials approximating two-dimensional solids. This second volume in the series 'Physics and Chemistry of Materials with Layered Structures' has been written by specialists of different classes of layered materials. Structural data are reviewed and the most important relations between the structure and the chemical and physical properties are emphasized. The first three contributions are devoted to the transition metal dichalcogenides whose physical properties have been investigated in detail. The crystallographic data and crystal growth conditions are presented in the first paper. The second paper constitutes an incisive review of the phase transformations and charge density waves which have been observed in the metallic dichalcogenides. In two contributions the layered structures of newer ternary compounds are de scribed and the connection between structure and non-stoichiometry is discussed.

Download or read book Statistical Physics of Crystal Growth written by Yukio Saito and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a systematic overview on the scientific fundamentals of crystal growth from the classical phenomenological description to the recent theoretical contributions of statistical physics such as studies on surface roughening and on the pattern formation in the diffusion-limited growth. The book emphasizes physical concepts as well as mathematical details, and is intended to serve as lecture notes for postgraduate courses. Contents: Introduction; Ideal Growth Laws; Statistical Mechanics of Surface; Kinetics-Limited Growth; Diffusion-Limited Growth: Pattern Formation; Appendices; References; Index. Readership: Condensed matter physicists.

Download or read book International Tables for Crystallography Mathematical Physical and Chemical Tables written by E. Prince and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-01-16 with total page 1043 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Tables for Crystallography is the definitive resource and reference work for crystallography and structural science. Each of the volumes in the series contains articles and tables of data relevant to crystallographic research and to applications of crystallographic methods in all sciences concerned with the structure and properties of materials. Emphasis is given to symmetry, diffraction methods and techniques of crystal-structure determination, and the physical and chemical properties of crystals. The data are accompanied by discussions of theory, practical explanations and examples, all of which are useful for teaching. Volume C provides the mathematical, physical and chemical information needed for experimental studies in structural crystallography. This volume covers all aspects of experimental techniques, using all three principal radiation types (X-ray, electron and neutron), from the selection and mounting of crystals and production of radiation, through data collection and analysis, to interpretation of results. Each chapter is supported by a substantial collection of references, and the volume ends with a section on precautions against radiation injury. Eleven chapters have been revised, corrected or updated for the third edition of Volume C. More information on the series can be found at: http://it.iucr.org

Download or read book International Tables for Crystallography Volume C written by E. Prince and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2004-01-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Tables for Crystallography is the definitive resource and reference work for crystallography and structural science. Each of the volumes in the series contains articles and tables of data relevant to crystallographic research and to applications of crystallographic methods in all sciences concerned with the structure and properties of materials. Emphasis is given to symmetry, diffraction methods and techniques of crystal-structure determination, and the physical and chemical properties of crystals. The data are accompanied by discussions of theory, practical explanations and examples, all of which are useful for teaching. Volume C provides the mathematical, physical and chemical information needed for experimental studies in structural crystallography. This volume covers all aspects of experimental techniques, using all three principal radiation types (X-ray, electron and neutron), from the selection and mounting of crystals and production of radiation, through data collection and analysis, to interpretation of results. Each chapter is supported by a substantial collection of references, and the volume ends with a section on precautions against radiation injury. Eleven chapters have been revised, corrected or updated for the third edition of Volume C. More information on the series can be found at: http://it.iucr.org

Download or read book World Directory of Crystallographers written by Allan L. Bednowitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A brief historical account of the background leading to the publication of the first four editions of the World Directory of Crystallographers was presented by G. Boom in his preface to the Fourth Edition, published late in 1971. That edition was produced by traditional typesetting methods from compilations of biographical data prepared by national Sub-Editors. The major effort required to produce a directory by manual methods provided the impetus to use computer techniques for the Fifth Edition. The account of the production of the first computer assisted Directory was described by S.C. Abrahams in the preface of the Fifth Edition. Computer composition, which required a machine readable data base, offered several major advantages. The choice of typeface and range of characters was flexible. Corrections and additions to the data base were rapid and, once established, it was hoped updating for future editions would be simple and inexpensive. The data base was put to other Union uses, such as preparation of mailing labels and formulation of lists of crystallographers with specified common fields of interest. The Fifth Edition of the World Directory of Crystallographers was published in June of 1977, the Sixth in May of 1981. The Subject Indexes for the Fifth and Sixth Editions were printed in 1978 and 1981 respectively, both having a limited distribution.

Download or read book International Tables for Crystallography Volume G written by Sydney Hall and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2005-10-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Tables for Crystallography is the definitive resource and reference work for crystallography and structural science. Each of the volumes in the series contains articles and tables of data relevant to crystallographic research and to applications of crystallographic methods in all sciences concerned with the structure and properties of materials. Emphasis is given to symmetry, diffraction methods and techniques of crystal-structure determination, and the physical and chemical properties of crystals. The data are accompanied by discussions of theory, practical explanations and examples, all of which are useful for teaching. Volume G deals with methods and tools for organizing, archiving and retrieving crystallographic data. The volume describes the Crystallographic Information File (CIF), the standard data exchange and archival file format used throughout crystallography. The volume is divided into five parts: Part 1 – An introduction to the development of CIF. Part 2 – Details concepts and specifications of the files and languages. Part 3 – Discusses general considerations when defining a CIF data item and the classification and use of data. Part 4 - Defines all the data names for the core and other dictionaries. Part 5 - Describes CIF applications, including general advice and considerations for programmers. The accompanying software includes the CIF dictionaries in machine-readable form and a collection of libraries and utility programs. Volume G is an essential guide for programmers and data managers handling crystal-structure information, and provides in-depth information vital for recording or using single-crystal or powder diffraction data in small-molecule, inorganic and biological macromolecular structure science. More information on the series can be found at: http://it.iucr.org

Download or read book Out of the Crystal Maze written by Lillian Hoddeson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on the field of solid-state physics - also referred to as condensed matter physics - which grew to maturity between 1920 and 1960. The history of some exciting developments is told here in an easy-to-follow text, accessible to general readers, while maintaining standards of high scholarship.

Download or read book Structure Determination by X ray Crystallography written by Mark Ladd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advances in and applications of x-ray and neutron crystallography form the essence of this new edition of this classic textbook, while maintaining the overall plan of the book that has been well received in the academic community since the first edition in 1977. X-ray crystallography is a universal tool for studying molecular structure, and the complementary nature of neutron diffraction crystallography permits the location of atomic species in crystals which are not easily revealed by X-ray techniques alone, such as hydrogen atoms or other light atoms in the presence of heavier atoms. Thus, a chapter discussing the practice of neutron diffraction techniques, with examples, broadens the scope of the text in a highly desirable way. As with previous editions, the book contains problems to illustrate the work of each chapter, and detailed solutions are provided. Mathematical procedures related to the material of the main body of the book are not discussed in detail, but are quoted where needed with references to standard mathematical texts. To address the computational aspect of crystallography, the suite of computer programs from the fourth edition has been revised and expanded. The programs enable the reader to participate fully in many of the aspects of x-ray crystallography discussed in the book. In particular, the program system XRAY* is interactive, and enables the reader to follow through, at the monitor screen, the computational techniques involved in single-crystal structure determination, albeit in two dimensions, with the data sets provided. Exercises for students can be found in the book, and solutions are available to instructors.

Download or read book APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY XX written by Danuta Stró? and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2007-12-15 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). The goal of this collection is to provide the opportunity for researchers working in many different fields to showcase their latest achievements in the arena of structural studies, as applied to the materials commonly used in industry. Emphasis is placed on the methods and techniques used in structural studies, as well as on the structures and properties of divers materials including: metals and alloys, ceramics, polymers, quasicrystals, nanomaterials and thin films.

Download or read book Statistical Physics Of Crystals And Liquids A Guide To Highly Accurate Equations Of State written by Duane C Wallace and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-01-13 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book presents a unified formulation from first principles of the Hamiltonian and statistical mechanics of metallic and insulating crystals, amorphous solids, and liquids. Extensive comparison of theory and experiment provides an accurate understanding of the statistical properties of phonons, electrons, and phonon-phonon and electron-phonon interactions in elemental crystals and liquids. Questions are posed along the following lines: What is the “best” theory for a given property? How accurate is a good theory? What information is gained by a comparison of theory and experiment? How accurate is a good experiment?

Download or read book The Atomistic Nature of Crystal Growth written by Boyan Mutaftschiev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is for graduate students and young scientists, who are looking for an introduction to the physics and physical chemistry of crystal growth and nucleation phenomena.

Download or read book International Tables for Crystallography Volume B written by Uri Shmueli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Tables for Crystallography are no longer available for purchase from Springer. For further information please contact Wiley Inc. (follow the link on the right hand side of this page). Volume B presents accounts of the numerous aspects of reciprocal space in crystallographic research. After an introductory chapter, Part 1 presents the reader with an account of structure-factor formalisms, an extensive treatment of the theory, algorithms and crystallographic applications of Fourier methods, and fundamental as well as advanced treatments of symmetry in reciprocal space. In Part 2, these general accounts are followed by detailed expositions of crystallographic statistics, the theory of direct methods, Patterson techniques, isomorphous replacement and anomalous scattering, and treatments of the role of electron microscopy and diffraction in crystal structure determination, including applications of direct methods to electron crystallography. Part 3 deals with applications of reciprocal space to molecular geometry and `best'-plane calculations, and contains a treatment of the principles of molecular graphics and modelling and their applications. A convergence-acceleration method of importance in the computation of approximate lattice sums is presented and the part concludes with a discussion of the Ewald method. Part 4 contains treatments of various diffuse-scattering phenomena arising from crystal dynamics, disorder and low dimensionality (liquid crystals), and an exposition of the underlying theories and/or experimental evidence. Polymer crystallography and reciprocal-space images of aperiodic crystals are also treated. Part 5 of the volume contains introductory treatments of the theory of the interaction of radiation with matter (dynamical theory) as applied to X-ray, electron and neutron diffraction techniques. The simplified trigonometric expressions for the structure factors in the 230 three-dimensional space groups, which appeared in Volume I of International Tables for X-ray Crystallography, are now given in Appendix 1.4.3 to Chapter 1.4 of this volume. Volume B is a vital addition to the library of scientists engaged in crystal structure determination, crystallographic computing, crystal physics and other fields of crystallographic research. Graduate students specializing in crystallography will find much material suitable for self-study and a rich source of references to the relevant literature.

Download or read book Macromolecular Crystallization and Crystal Perfection written by Naomi E Chayen and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The crystallization of proteins and nucleic acids and/or their complexes has become more highly automated but is still often a trial and error based approach. In parallel, a number of X-ray diffraction based techniques have been developed which explain the physical reasons limiting the resulting crystallographic data and thus show how that data may be improved. Crystal growth is also pivotal in neutron crystallography, which establishes the hydrogen and hydration aspects. Thus this book is aimed at addressing the science behind obtaining the best and most complete structural data possible for biological macromolecules, so that the detailed structural biology and chemistry of these important molecules emerge. Crystal imperfections such as twinning and lattice disorders, as well as multiple crystal situations, and their possible remedies, are also described. The small crystal frontier in micro-crystal crystallography, crystallites in powders and finally down to the proposed single molecule structure determination of X-ray lasers are covered. Overall this interdisciplinary book will interest crystal growers, X-ray and neutron physicists and the biological crystallographers, including graduate students.