Download or read book Criticality of Coupled Fissionable Systems written by José Luis Lorente-Guarch and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Criticality in the Far Field of a Granitic Repository for Used Nuclear Fuel written by Alex Salazar and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A repository for used nuclear fuel (UNF) must employ several barriers to reduce the risk of a lethal dose to the biosphere over geological periods of time. It is presumed that waste canisters can be engineered to prevent a critical configuration of fissile material by design. However, given the quantity of UNF in interim storage in the United States intended for final deposition, a comprehensive failure scenario involving the repository-wide leaching of fissile isotopes from used fuel, radionuclide transport in groundwater, and re-concentration in the far-field may eventually present a concern for criticality. Such a criticality event may create a pathway for fission products to the environment if the host rock is compromised. This dissertation explores the impact of far-field criticality on repository performance over long periods of time. It attempts to integrate all necessary processes and considerations under a notion of conservatism favoring the formation of a critical mass from used nuclear fuel. A critical deposition is hypothesized to pose a threat to the material integrity of the host rock through the steady release of heat over time, as opposed to the explosive releases of energy considered in previous studies. In particular, the role of thermal creep is evaluated as a steady-state failure metric, which emphasizes the combined role of reactivity feedback mechanisms and heat transfer in determining the temporal extent of chain reactions underground. The failure scenario is isolated among other relevant features, events, and processes as the primary concern of the performance assessment for a crystalline granitic repository. Repository loading cases are established based on the uncertainty in the current inventory of used nuclear fuel. These source terms are used in a radionuclide transport model that incorporates the Latin hypercube sampling method to probe the uncertainty in the total accumulation of uranium from advection in fractures. The configurations of fissile material in host rock required for criticality are evaluated based on representative precipitate compositions obtained from the transport analysis, where the role of a reducing and reflecting region of shale is emphasized. Given the nature of the critical depositions as both open reactor systems and porous media, a thermo-hydrological analysis is employed to evaluate the coupled heat and mass transfer in the geology when energy is released from fission reactions. This analysis is motivated by the assumption that reactivity behavior with evolving water content and temperature must be fully coupled, and boundary conditions are imposed to evaluate a maximal extent of desaturation. The observed changes in fluid content and densities in the system over time are used to guide an integrated neutronics evaluation incorporating the Doppler effect. Feedback coefficients covering the simultaneous effects of Doppler broadening, the loss of moderator, and the arriving plume of uranium solutes from the repository array are applied to a quasi-steady-state heat transfer model. This model provides insight on the dynamic evolution of system temperature over time parametrized on the source term of incoming fissile material, and results are applied to a thermal creep model to evaluate total integrated strain and system failure. Given the time dependence of the creep phenomenon, optimal source terms of fissile material may be conducive to failure via creep. However, these mass fluxes exceed those observed in the transport analysis, which employed assumptions to maximize these quantities. The conditions under which repository performance can be impacted by steady-state criticality prove to be heavily dependent on the repository inventory and the specific choice of host rock. This mandates that a site intended for final UNF disposition be subject to increasing scrutiny in proportion to the amount of waste that is loaded. Based on the results of the study, it is strongly proposed that the threat of a far-field criticality event can be dramatically reduced by the introduction of depleted uranium to waste canisters. Overall, given the compounded effect of utilizing many heavily conservative assumptions in the study, the far-field criticality phenomenon is not deemed to be of especial importance to repository engineering, especially with additional enhancements to existing engineered barrier systems.

Download or read book Monte Carlo Criticality Source Convergence in a Loosely Coupled Fuel Storage System written by R. N. Blomquist and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fission source convergence of a very loosely coupled array of 36 fuel subassemblies with slightly non-symmetric reflection is studied. The fission source converges very slowly from a uniform guess to the fundamental mode in which about 40% of the fissions occur in one corner subassembly. Eigenvalue and fission source estimates are analyzed using a set of statistical tests similar to those used in MCNP, including the ''drift-in-mean'' test and a new drift-in-mean test using a linear fit to the cumulative estimate drift, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, the relative error test, and the ''1/N'' test. The normality test does not detect a drifting eigenvalue or fission source. Applied to eigenvalue estimates, the other tests generally fail to detect an unconverged solution, but they are sometimes effective when evaluating fission source distributions. None of the test provides completely reliable indication of convergence, although they can detect nonconvergence.

Download or read book NUREG CR written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Physical Theory of Neutron Chain Reactors written by Alvin Martin Weinberg and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Criticality Safety written by Ronald Allen Knief and published by American Nuclear Society. This book was released on 1985 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear criticality safety is the prevention of nuclear chain reactions in fissile materials outside of reactors. This book presents the underlying principles of nuclear criticality safety theory along with descriptions of the principal methods currently used and their in-plant applications. Exercises are provided at the end of each chapter to increase understanding of the text.

Download or read book Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors written by Pascal Yvon and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-27 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operating at a high level of fuel efficiency, safety, proliferation-resistance, sustainability and cost, generation IV nuclear reactors promise enhanced features to an energy resource which is already seen as an outstanding source of reliable base load power. The performance and reliability of materials when subjected to the higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive higher temperature environments that will be found in generation IV nuclear reactors are essential areas of study, as key considerations for the successful development of generation IV reactors are suitable structural materials for both in-core and out-of-core applications. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors explores the current state-of-the art in these areas. Part One reviews the materials, requirements and challenges in generation IV systems. Part Two presents the core materials with chapters on irradiation resistant austenitic steels, ODS/FM steels and refractory metals amongst others. Part Three looks at out-of-core materials. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors is an essential reference text for professional scientists, engineers and postgraduate researchers involved in the development of generation IV nuclear reactors. Introduces the higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive higher temperature environments that will be found in generation IV nuclear reactors and implications for structural materials Contains chapters on the key core and out-of-core materials, from steels to advanced micro-laminates Written by an expert in that particular area

Download or read book Criticality written by R. L. Scott and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975-03 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Single phase Two phase and Supercritical Natural Circulation Systems written by Pallippattu Krishnan Vijayan and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Single-Phase, Two-Phase and Supercritical Natural Circulation Systems provides readers with a deep understanding of natural circulation systems. This book equips the reader with an understanding on how to detect unstable loops to ensure plant safety and reliability, calculate heat transport capabilities, and design effective natural circulation loops, stability maps and parallel channel systems. Each chapter begins with an introduction to the circulation system before discussing each element in detail and analyzing its effect on the performance of the system. The book also presents thermosyphon heat transport devices in nuclear and other industrial plants, a common information need for students and researchers alike. This book is invaluable for engineers, designers, operators and consultants in nuclear, mechanical, electrical and chemical disciplines. Presents single-phase, two-phase and supercritical natural circulation systems together in one resource to fill an existing knowledge gap Guides the reader through relevant processes, such as designing, analyzing and generating stability maps and natural circulation loops, calculating heat transport capabilities, and maintaining natural circulation system operations Includes global case studies and examples to increase understanding, along with important IAEA standards and procedures

Download or read book Over 200 U S Department of Energy Manuals Combined CLASSICAL PHYSICS ELECTRICAL SCIENCE THERMODYNAMICS HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FUNDAMENTALS INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL MATHEMATICS CHEMISTRY ENGINEERING SYMBIOLOGY MATERIAL SCIENCE MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND REACTOR THEORY written by and published by Jeffrey Frank Jones. This book was released on with total page 19288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 19,000 total pages ... Public Domain U.S. Government published manual: Numerous illustrations and matrices. Published in the 1990s and after 2000. TITLES and CONTENTS: ELECTRICAL SCIENCES - Contains the following manuals: Electrical Science, Vol 1 - Electrical Science, Vol 2 - Electrical Science, Vol 3 - Electrical Science, Vol 4 - Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, And Fluid Flow, Vol 1 - Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, And Fluid Flow, Vol 2 - Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, And Fluid Flow, Vol 3 - Instrumentation And Control, Vol 1 - Instrumentation And Control, Vol 2 Mathematics, Vol 1 - Mathematics, Vol 2 - Chemistry, Vol 1 - Chemistry, Vol 2 - Engineering Symbology, Prints, And Drawings, Vol 1 - Engineering Symbology, Prints, And Drawings, Vol 2 - Material Science, Vol 1 - Material Science, Vol 2 - Mechanical Science, Vol 1 - Mechanical Science, Vol 2 - Nuclear Physics And Reactor Theory, Vol 1 - Nuclear Physics And Reactor Theory, Vol 2. CLASSICAL PHYSICS - The Classical Physics Fundamentals includes information on the units used to measure physical properties; vectors, and how they are used to show the net effect of various forces; Newton's Laws of motion, and how to use these laws in force and motion applications; and the concepts of energy, work, and power, and how to measure and calculate the energy involved in various applications. * Scalar And Vector Quantities * Vector Identification * Vectors: Resultants And Components * Graphic Method Of Vector Addition * Component Addition Method * Analytical Method Of Vector Addition * Newton's Laws Of Motion * Momentum Principles * Force And Weight * Free-Body Diagrams * Force Equilibrium * Types Of Force * Energy And Work * Law Of Conservation Of Energy * Power – ELECTRICAL SCIENCE: The Electrical Science Fundamentals Handbook includes information on alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) theory, circuits, motors, and generators; AC power and reactive components; batteries; AC and DC voltage regulators; transformers; and electrical test instruments and measuring devices. * Atom And Its Forces * Electrical Terminology * Units Of Electrical Measurement * Methods Of Producing Voltage (Electricity) * Magnetism * Magnetic Circuits * Electrical Symbols * DC Sources * DC Circuit Terminology * Basic DC Circuit Calculations * Voltage Polarity And Current Direction * Kirchhoff's Laws * DC Circuit Analysis * DC Circuit Faults * Inductance * Capacitance * Battery Terminology * Battery Theory * Battery Operations * Types Of Batteries * Battery Hazards * DC Equipment Terminology * DC Equipment Construction * DC Generator Theory * DC Generator Construction * DC Motor Theory * Types Of DC Motors * DC Motor Operation * AC Generation * AC Generation Analysis * Inductance * Capacitance * Impedance * Resonance * Power Triangle * Three-Phase Circuits * AC Generator Components * AC Generator Theory * AC Generator Operation * Voltage Regulators * AC Motor Theory * AC Motor Types * Transformer Theory * Transformer Types * Meter Movements * Voltmeters * Ammeters * Ohm Meters * Wattmeters * Other Electrical Measuring Devices * Test Equipment * System Components And Protection Devices * Circuit Breakers * Motor Controllers * Wiring Schemes And Grounding THERMODYNAMICS, HEAT TRANSFER AND FLUID FUNDAMENTALS. The Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer, and Fluid Flow Fundamentals Handbook includes information on thermodynamics and the properties of fluids; the three modes of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation; and fluid flow, and the energy relationships in fluid systems. * Thermodynamic Properties * Temperature And Pressure Measurements * Energy, Work, And Heat * Thermodynamic Systems And Processes * Change Of Phase * Property Diagrams And Steam Tables * First Law Of Thermodynamics * Second Law Of Thermodynamics * Compression Processes * Heat Transfer Terminology * Conduction Heat Transfer * Convection Heat Transfer * Radiant Heat Transfer * Heat Exchangers * Boiling Heat Transfer * Heat Generation * Decay Heat * Continuity Equation * Laminar And Turbulent Flow * Bernoulli's Equation * Head Loss * Natural Circulation * Two-Phase Fluid Flow * Centrifugal Pumps INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL. The Instrumentation and Control Fundamentals Handbook includes information on temperature, pressure, flow, and level detection systems; position indication systems; process control systems; and radiation detection principles. * Resistance Temperature Detectors (Rtds) * Thermocouples * Functional Uses Of Temperature Detectors * Temperature Detection Circuitry * Pressure Detectors * Pressure Detector Functional Uses * Pressure Detection Circuitry * Level Detectors * Density Compensation * Level Detection Circuitry * Head Flow Meters * Other Flow Meters * Steam Flow Detection * Flow Circuitry * Synchro Equipment * Switches * Variable Output Devices * Position Indication Circuitry * Radiation Detection Terminology * Radiation Types * Gas-Filled Detector * Detector Voltage * Proportional Counter * Proportional Counter Circuitry * Ionization Chamber * Compensated Ion Chamber * Electroscope Ionization Chamber * Geiger-Müller Detector * Scintillation Counter * Gamma Spectroscopy * Miscellaneous Detectors * Circuitry And Circuit Elements * Source Range Nuclear Instrumentation * Intermediate Range Nuclear Instrumentation * Power Range Nuclear Instrumentation * Principles Of Control Systems * Control Loop Diagrams * Two Position Control Systems * Proportional Control Systems * Reset (Integral) Control Systems * Proportional Plus Reset Control Systems * Proportional Plus Rate Control Systems * Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control Systems * Controllers * Valve Actuators MATHEMATICS The Mathematics Fundamentals Handbook includes a review of introductory mathematics and the concepts and functional use of algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. Word problems, equations, calculations, and practical exercises that require the use of each of the mathematical concepts are also presented. * Calculator Operations * Four Basic Arithmetic Operations * Averages * Fractions * Decimals * Signed Numbers * Significant Digits * Percentages * Exponents * Scientific Notation * Radicals * Algebraic Laws * Linear Equations * Quadratic Equations * Simultaneous Equations * Word Problems * Graphing * Slopes * Interpolation And Extrapolation * Basic Concepts Of Geometry * Shapes And Figures Of Plane Geometry * Solid Geometric Figures * Pythagorean Theorem * Trigonometric Functions * Radians * Statistics * Imaginary And Complex Numbers * Matrices And Determinants * Calculus CHEMISTRY The Chemistry Handbook includes information on the atomic structure of matter; chemical bonding; chemical equations; chemical interactions involved with corrosion processes; water chemistry control, including the principles of water treatment; the hazards of chemicals and gases, and basic gaseous diffusion processes. * Characteristics Of Atoms * The Periodic Table * Chemical Bonding * Chemical Equations * Acids, Bases, Salts, And Ph * Converters * Corrosion Theory * General Corrosion * Crud And Galvanic Corrosion * Specialized Corrosion * Effects Of Radiation On Water Chemistry (Synthesis) * Chemistry Parameters * Purpose Of Water Treatment * Water Treatment Processes * Dissolved Gases, Suspended Solids, And Ph Control * Water Purity * Corrosives (Acids And Alkalies) * Toxic Compound * Compressed Gases * Flammable And Combustible Liquids ENGINEERING SYMBIOLOGY. The Engineering Symbology, Prints, and Drawings Handbook includes information on engineering fluid drawings and prints; piping and instrument drawings; major symbols and conventions; electronic diagrams and schematics; logic circuits and diagrams; and fabrication, construction, and architectural drawings. * Introduction To Print Reading * Introduction To The Types Of Drawings, Views, And Perspectives * Engineering Fluids Diagrams And Prints * Reading Engineering P&Ids * P&Id Print Reading Example * Fluid Power P&Ids * Electrical Diagrams And Schematics * Electrical Wiring And Schematic Diagram Reading Examples * Electronic Diagrams And Schematics * Examples * Engineering Logic Diagrams * Truth Tables And Exercises * Engineering Fabrication, Construction, And Architectural Drawings * Engineering Fabrication, Construction, And Architectural Drawing, Examples MATERIAL SCIENCE. The Material Science Handbook includes information on the structure and properties of metals, stress mechanisms in metals, failure modes, and the characteristics of metals that are commonly used in DOE nuclear facilities. * Bonding * Common Lattice Types * Grain Structure And Boundary * Polymorphism * Alloys * Imperfections In Metals * Stress * Strain * Young's Modulus * Stress-Strain Relationship * Physical Properties * Working Of Metals * Corrosion * Hydrogen Embrittlement * Tritium/Material Compatibility * Thermal Stress * Pressurized Thermal Shock * Brittle Fracture Mechanism * Minimum Pressurization-Temperature Curves * Heatup And Cooldown Rate Limits * Properties Considered * When Selecting Materials * Fuel Materials * Cladding And Reflectors * Control Materials * Shielding Materials * Nuclear Reactor Core Problems * Plant Material Problems * Atomic Displacement Due To Irradiation * Thermal And Displacement Spikes * Due To Irradiation * Effect Due To Neutron Capture * Radiation Effects In Organic Compounds * Reactor Use Of Aluminum MECHANICAL SCIENCE. The Mechanical Science Handbook includes information on diesel engines, heat exchangers, pumps, valves, and miscellaneous mechanical components. * Diesel Engines * Fundamentals Of The Diesel Cycle * Diesel Engine Speed, Fuel Controls, And Protection * Types Of Heat Exchangers * Heat Exchanger Applications * Centrifugal Pumps * Centrifugal Pump Operation * Positive Displacement Pumps * Valve Functions And Basic Parts * Types Of Valves * Valve Actuators * Air Compressors * Hydraulics * Boilers * Cooling Towers * Demineralizers * Pressurizers * Steam Traps * Filters And Strainers NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND REACTOR THEORY. The Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory Handbook includes information on atomic and nuclear physics; neutron characteristics; reactor theory and nuclear parameters; and the theory of reactor operation. * Atomic Nature Of Matter * Chart Of The Nuclides * Mass Defect And Binding Energy * Modes Of Radioactive Decay * Radioactivity * Neutron Interactions * Nuclear Fission * Energy Release From Fission * Interaction Of Radiation With Matter * Neutron Sources * Nuclear Cross Sections And Neutron Flux * Reaction Rates * Neutron Moderation * Prompt And Delayed Neutrons * Neutron Flux Spectrum * Neutron Life Cycle * Reactivity * Reactivity Coefficients * Neutron Poisons * Xenon * Samarium And Other Fission Product Poisons * Control Rods * Subcritical Multiplication * Reactor Kinetics * Reactor

Download or read book The Coupled Aspects of a Fast thermal Critical written by B. J. Toppel and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ZPR-V is a zero-power, coupled fast-thermal critical assembly involving a dilute fast core and a H2O-moderated, enriched U thermal annulus. The two regions are coupled through a natural U isolation blanket. This facility is useful in studying some of the properties of dilute fast reactor systems as well as those of coupled fast-thermal power breeders. Recent emphasis has been on the latter aspect of the problem and an investigation of the coupled aspects of the system has been made. An important parameter in the coupling concept is the division of reactivity. This can be determined by means of fast fuel substitutions and 1/v poisoning of the thermal annulus in conjunction with theoretical calculations. Auxiliary information obtained in such a procedure is the fast fuel worth throughout the core and the prompt neutron lifetime of the whole system. A second important parameter, S1/S2 is the relative number of neutrons emitted per unit time due to fast and slow fissions. Information regarding this quantity can be obtained with the aid of U-235 and U-238 fission distributions. Measurements of the above parameters were made for the case of a U-235:U-238 atomic ratio of 5:1 in the fast core and a 1-in. isolation blanket. The fractions of reactivity in the fast core, blanket, and annulus are, respectively, 24, 14, and 61%; the prompt lifetime is 39.0 plus or minus 3.0 mu sec; the ratio S1/S2 is 0.43.

Download or read book Accelerator Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly written by Cheol Ho Pyeon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-03-20 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is a unique compilation of experimental benchmark analyses of the accelerator-driven system (ADS) at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) on the most recent advances in the development of computational methods. It is devoted especially to nuclear engineers and scientists. Readers will find a detailed description of advanced measurement techniques and calculation methodologies for the ADS with 14 MeV neutrons and high-energy neutrons (with combined use of 100 MeV protons and Pb-Bi target) at KUCA. Additionally, experimental results of nuclear transmutation of minor actinides by ADS and at a critical state are included. Readers also have access to benchmarks of specific ADS experiments with raw data in the Appendix. The book is a valuable resource for the ADS experiments at KUCA which are globally recognized as both static and kinetic studies from the point of view of fundamental research.

Download or read book Reactor Physics Constants written by Reactor Physics Constants Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the Topical Meeting on Physics and Methods in Criticality Safety Nashville Tennessee September 19 23 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Normal Accidents written by Charles Perrow and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-12 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Normal Accidents analyzes the social side of technological risk. Charles Perrow argues that the conventional engineering approach to ensuring safety--building in more warnings and safeguards--fails because systems complexity makes failures inevitable. He asserts that typical precautions, by adding to complexity, may help create new categories of accidents. (At Chernobyl, tests of a new safety system helped produce the meltdown and subsequent fire.) By recognizing two dimensions of risk--complex versus linear interactions, and tight versus loose coupling--this book provides a powerful framework for analyzing risks and the organizations that insist we run them. The first edition fulfilled one reviewer's prediction that it "may mark the beginning of accident research." In the new afterword to this edition Perrow reviews the extensive work on the major accidents of the last fifteen years, including Bhopal, Chernobyl, and the Challenger disaster. The new postscript probes what the author considers to be the "quintessential 'Normal Accident'" of our time: the Y2K computer problem.

Download or read book Uranium Production Technology written by Charles D. Harrington and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: