Download or read book Magnetic Critical Scattering written by Malcolm F. Collins and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1989-03-02 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This graduate-level text reviews the field of critical phenomena, including the use of neutron scattering techniques as an aid in their study. The book introduces the principles of magnetic systems and their critical dynamics, outlining the experimental and theoretical methods that have been used to understand the scattering effect. Measurements are examined for the dynamics and statics of one-, two-, and three-dimensional systems. Multicritical effects, critical phase transitions in magnetic metals, dilution, percolation, and random-field effects are also discussed in the light of neutron scattering measurements.

Download or read book Critical Phenomena at Surfaces and Interfaces written by Helmut Dosch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the application of grazing angle x-ray and neutron scattering to the study of surface-induced critical phenomena. With the advent of even more advanced synchrotron radiation sources and new sophisticated instrumentation this novel technique is expected to experience a boom. The comprehensive and detailed presentation of theoretical and experimental aspects of the scattering of evanascent x-ray and neutron waves inside a solid makes this book particularly useful for tutorial courses. Particular emphasis is put on the use of this technique to extract microscopic information (correlation functions) from the real structure of a surface, from buried and magnetic interfaces and from surface roughness.

Download or read book Critical Scattering Theory written by Jerzy Kociński and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1978 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inversion of Critical Light Scattering written by Mariusz Krzysiek and published by Omniscriptum. This book was released on 2010-08 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Ph.D. work deals with the scattering of light by a cloud of bubbles (i.e. particles with relative refractive index below unit) near the critical-scattering-angle. Under a single scattering assumption, a critical scattering pattern (CSP) can be accurately modeled with the Lorenz-Mie theory and a Fredholm integral of the first kind. A CSP is basically composed of several bows that are very similar to those observed in the forward diffraction zone and the rainbow region. By measuring the angular spreading, the visibility and the global position of these bows it is possible to deduce the bubbles mean size, poly-dispersion and mean refractive index (i.e. composition). We have developed several inverse methods and experiments to recover these properties, demonstrating the validity of what can be called the "Critical-Angle Refractometry and Sizing" (CARS) technique. Various effects like the laser Gaussian intensity profile or the laser beam spectrum width have also been studied. This new optical particle characterization technique is thought to be a useful tool to study real bubbly flows as well as for laboratory experiments requiring bubbles material recognition.

Download or read book Theory of Neutron Scattering from Condensed Matter written by Stephen W. Lovesey and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 1986-10 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Neutron scattering measurements provide information at an atomic level on the chemical and physical properties of matter. The unique character of the neutron-matter interaction means that in many instances the information is obtainable in no other way. The book develops the principles and concepts of statistical physics and quantum chemistry that are the basis for the interpretation of experimental data. The topics include elastic nuclear scattering, scattering by lattice vibrations and by liquids, and some chemical applications (vol. 1) and elastic and inelastic magnetic scattering (vol. 2). These two volumes will be of interest to graduate students and workers and researchers in the field of neutron scattering"--back cover/

Download or read book Scattering Techniques Applied to Supramolecular and Nonequilibrium Systems written by Sow Hsin Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981-12 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Advanced Study Institute was held at \-lellesley College, Wellesley, MA. , from 3 to 12 August 1980. It followed by four years the second "Capri ~,chool on Photon Correlation Spectroscopy". During the intervening period there had been many new applications of dynamic light scattering techniques to the study of systems whose properties depend either on collective molecular interactions or on the formation or activity of supramo1ecu1ar structures. Con sequently, emphasis at this conference was on light scattering studies of subjects such as dynamical correlations in dense polymer solutions, phase transitions in gels, spinodal decomposition of binary fluids, Benard instabilities in nonequilibrium fluids, the formation of micelles and phospholipid vesicles, and movements of the molecular assemblies of muscle tissue. The instructional pro gramme also included tutorial lectures on two complementary spec troscopic techniques which have benefited from dramatic advances in instrumentation, these being small angle X-ray (SAXS) and small angle neutron (SANS) scattering. Strong cold neutron and synchro tron X-ray sources have become available, and data now can be acquired rapidly with newly developed position-sensitive detectors. Several reviews of recent applications of SAXS and SANS were also provided. The organizers of the ASI hoped to provide a forum for theoreticians and experimentalists to assess advances in fields which, although related, were sufficiently different that a great deal of unfamiliar information could be communicated. The order ing of the papers in this volume closely approximates that of the talks presented at the Advanced Study Institute.

Download or read book A E written by Library of Congress. Office for Subject Cataloging Policy and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diffraction Effects in Semiclassical Scattering written by H. M. Nussenzveig and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-07-23 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical effects in semiclassical light scattering, in which the standard approximations break down, are associated with forward peaking, rainbows, glories, orbiting, and resonances. Besides giving rise to beautiful optical effects in the atmosphere, critical effects have important applications in many areas of physics. Their interpretation and accurate treatment, however, are difficult. This book deals with the theory of these critical effects. After a preliminary chapter posing the problem of critical effects, the next three chapters on coronae, rainbows, and glories, are written to be accessible to a broader audience of physicists. The main part of the book then describes the results obtained from the application of complex angular momentum techniques to scattering by homogeneous spheres. These techniques lead to practically usable asymptotic approximations, and to new physical insights into critical effects. A new conceptual picture of diffraction, regarded as a tunnelling effect, emerges. The final two chapters contain brief descriptions of applications to a broad range of fields including linear and nonlinear optics, radiative transfer, astronomy, acoustics, seismology, atomic, nuclear, and particle physics. This book intends to convey the basic concepts and physical interpretations that emerge from the new approach, rather than the complete formalism.

Download or read book Critical Scattering of Laser Light by Thin Fluid Films Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel close-spaced Fabry-Perot interferometer has been developed that contains the fluid under study between the mirrors. The interferometer-cell has been used to make the first successful measurement of the anomalous refractive index of a binary fluid mixture near its consolute critical point. The cell has also been used to determine the coexistence curve for a binary mixture and the associated critical index BETA . Intensity autocorrelation spectroscopy of laser light scattered from Brownian particles suspended in a binary mixture has been used to study the effective shear viscosity of the fluid near its critical point. A theory has been developed that includes a momentum-dependent shear viscosity and takes into account effects due to surface interactions between the particles and the fluid. This theory explains the observations and is consistent with the results of earlier tracer-diffusion measurements in a critical mixture. (auth).

Download or read book Dynamic Light Scattering written by Bruce J. Berne and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lasers play an increasingly important role in a variety of detection techniques, making inelastic light scattering a tool of growing value in the investigation of dynamic and structural problems in chemistry, biology, and physics. Until the initial publication of this work, however, no monograph treated the principles behind current developments in the field.This volume presents a comprehensive introduction to the principles underlying laser light scattering, focusing on the time dependence of fluctuations in fluid systems; it also serves as an introduction to the theory of time correlation functions, with chapters on projection operator techniques in statistical mechanics. The first half comprises most of the material necessary for an elementary understanding of the applications to the study of macromolecules, or comparable sized particles in fluids, and to the motility of microorganisms. The study of collective (or many particle) effects constitutes the second half, including more sophisticated treatments of macromolecules in solution and most of the applications of light scattering to the study of fluids containing small molecules.With its wide-ranging discussions of the many applications of light scattering, this text will be of interest to research chemists, physicists, biologists, medical and fluid mechanics researchers, engineers, and graduate students in these areas.

Download or read book Particle Metaphysics written by Brigitte Falkenburg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-21 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are the particles of modern physics "real" or are they virtual entities, their existence deduced merely by abstract theories? This book examines the continuing debate regarding the inner constitution of matter by exploring the particle concept in physics. It investigates if the particles of particle physics are real or not. Readers interested in the "true meaning" of such physical concepts will find this book informative and thought provoking.

Download or read book Light Scattering Near Phase Transitions written by H.Z. Cummins and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the development of the laser in the early 1960's, light scattering has played an increasingly crucial role in the investigation of many types of phase transitions and the published work in this field is now widely dispersed in a large number of books and journals. A comprehensive overview of contemporary theoretical and experimental research in this field is presented here. The reviews are written by authors who have actively contributed to the developments that have taken place in both Eastern and Western countries.

Download or read book Light Scattering by Particles in Water written by Miroslaw Jonasz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light scattering-based methods are used to characterize small particles suspended in water in a wide range of disciplines ranging from oceanography, through medicine, to industry. The scope and accuracy of these methods steadily increases with the progress in light scattering research. This book focuses on the theoretical and experimental foundations of the study and modeling of light scattering by particles in water and critically evaluates the key constraints of light scattering models. It begins with a brief review of the relevant theoretical fundamentals of the interaction of light with condensed matter, followed by an extended discussion of the basic optical properties of pure water and seawater and the physical principles that explain them. The book continues with a discussion of key optical features of the pure water/seawater and the most common components of natural waters. In order to clarify and put in focus some of the basic physical principles and most important features of the experimental data on light scattering by particles in water, the authors employ simple models. The book concludes with extensive critical reviews of the experimental constraints of light scattering models: results of measurements of light scattering and of the key properties of the particles: size distribution, refractive index (composition), structure, and shape. These reviews guide the reader through literature scattered among more than 210 scientific journals and periodicals which represent a wide range of disciplines. A special emphasis is put on the methods of measuring both light scattering and the relevant properties of the particles, because principles of these methods may affect interpretation and applicability of the results. The book includes extensive guides to literature on light scattering data and instrumentation design, as well as on the data for size distributions, refractive indices, and shapes typical of particles in natural waters. It also features a comprehensive index, numerous cross-references, and a reference list with over 1370 entries. An errata sheet for this work can be found at: http://www.tpdsci.com/Ref/Jonasz_M_2007_LightScatE.php *Extensive reference section provides handy compilations of knowledge on the designs of light scattering meters, sources of experimental data, and more *Worked exercises and examples throughout

Download or read book Introduction to Conformal Invariance and Its Applications to Critical Phenomena written by Philippe Christe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-11 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of critical phenomena goes back to the year 1869 when Andrews discovered the critical point of carbon dioxide, located at about 31°C and 73 atmospheres pressure. In the neighborhood ofthis point the carbon dioxide was observed to become opalescent, that is, light is strongly scattered. This is nowadays interpreted as comingfrom the strong fluctuations of the system close to the critical point. Subsequently, a wide varietyofphysicalsystems were realized to display critical points as well. Ofparticular importance was the observation of a critical point in ferromagnetic iron by Curie. Further examples include multicomponent fluids and alloys, superfluids, superconductors, polymers and may even extend to the quark-gluon plasmaand the early universe as a whole. Early theoretical investigationstried to reduce the problem to a very small number of degrees of freedom, such as the van der Waals equation and mean field approximations and culminating in Landau's general theory of critical phenomena. In a dramatic development, Onsager's exact solutionofthe two-dimensional Ising model made clear the important role of the critical fluctuations. Their role was taken into account in the subsequent developments leading to the scaling theories of critical phenomena and the renormalization group. These developements have achieved a precise description of the close neighborhood of the critical point and results are often in good agreement with experiments. In contrast to the general understanding a century ago, the presence of fluctuations on all length scales at a critical point is today emphasized.

Download or read book Light Scattering from Xenon Near Its Critical Point written by Keith Courtnay Garel and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Light Scattering written by R. Pecora and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the twenty years since their inception, modern dynamic light-scattering techniques have become increasingly sophisticated, and their applications have grown exceedingly diverse. Applications of the techniques to problems in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and fluid mechanics have prolifer ated. It is probably no longer possible for one or two authors to write a monograph to cover in depth the advances in scattering techniques and the main areas in which they have made a major impact. This volume, which we expect to be the first of aseries, presents reviews of selected specialized areas by renowned experts. It makes no attempt to be comprehensive; it emphasizes a body of related applications to polymeric, biological, and colloidal systems, and to critical phenomena. The well-known monographs on dynamic light scattering by Berne and Pecora and by Chu were published almost ten years ago. They provided comprehensive treatments of the general principles of dynamic light scat tering and gave introductions to a wide variety of applications, but natu rally they could not treat the new applications and advances in older ones that have arisen in the last decade. The new applications include studies of interacting particles in solution (Chapter 4); scaling approaches to the dynamics of polymers, including polymers in semidilute solution (Chapter 5); the use of both Fabry-Perot interferometry and photon correlation spectroscopy to study bulk polymers (Chapter 6); studies of micelIes and microemulsions (Chapter 8); studies of polymer gels (Chapter 9).

Download or read book Thermal neutron Scattering and Critical Magnetic Fluctuations written by O. W. Dietrich and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: