Download or read book Cradle to gate Life cycle Assessment of Laminated Strand Lumber Production written by Kamalakanta Sahoo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is facing severe challenges from climate change and resource scarcity caused by exponential growth in population and the rising standard of living. Raw materials for buildings and construction account for more than 35% of global primary energy use and nearly 40% of energy-relatedCO2 emissions. The public as well as city, state, and national governments are interested in knowing the environmental impacts of materials including wood products. This study conducted a cradle-to-gate life-cycle assessment (LCA) of laminated strand lumber (LSL)production in North America (United States and Canada).System boundaries in this study included the following information modules: raw material extraction (A1), raw material transportation (A2), and product manufacturing(A3). Module A1 included forest resources and resin production. The declared unit was 1 m3 of LSL packaged and ready for shipment. Surveys were used to collect primary LSL production data. This LCA study followed the guidelines of the International Organization for Standardization standards and wood products product category rules. The tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts (TRACI), CML baseline, and cumulative energy demand were used to conduct a life-cycle impact assessment. The weighted average oven-dried density of LSL was 647 kg/m3. Results showed that about 275 kg CO2eq (A1–A3) were released in the production of 1 m3 of LSL, with the A1 life-cycle stage accounting for 56%, followed by A3 (23%) and A2 (21%). Resin production contributed 124 kg/CO2eq (45%), which isa substantial portion. Raw material extraction (A1), resource transport (A2), and LSL manufacturing (A3) consumed about 26%, 6%, and 68% of total cradle-to-gate primary energy, respectively. About 56% of the total primary energy used in the production of LSL (A1–A3) came from non renewables, mostly fossil resources. One cubic meter of LSL stores 1,150 kg CO2eq, which is about four times more than the embodied carbon released from cradle to gate(275 kg CO2eq).

Download or read book Cradle to gate Life cycle Assessment of Laminated Veneer Lumber LVL Produced in the Southeast Region of the United States written by Richard D. Bergman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the present study was to develop life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) data associated with gate-to-gate laminated veneer lumber (LVL) production in the southeast (SE) region of the U.S. with the ultimate aim of constructing an updated cradle-to-gate mill output life-cycle assessment (LCA). The authors collected primary (survey) mill data from LVL production facilities per Consortium on Research for Renewable Industrial Materials (CORRIM) Research Guidelines. Comparative assertions were not a goal of the present study.

Download or read book Cradle to gate Life cycle Assessment of Laminated Veneer Lumber LVL Produced in the Pacific Northwest Region of the United States written by Richard D. Bergman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the present study was to develop life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) data associated with laminated veneer lumber (LVL) production in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) region of the United States from cradle-to-gate mill output. The authors collected primary (survey) mill data from LVL production facilities per Consortium on Research for Renewable Industrial Materials (CORRIM) Research Guidelines. Comparative assertions were not a goal of the present study.

Download or read book CORRIM Report written by Richard Bergman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environmental consequences of producing a material such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL) are carried forward into the life cycle of products such as wooden structures. CORRIM, the Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials, has derived life cycle inventory (LCI) data for major wood products manufactured in several regions of the United States. The life cycle inventory data cover from forest regeneration through to final product at the mill gate. Research has covered nine major forest products, both structural and nonstructural, and four major regions: in this report we focus on LVL produced in the US southeast (SE) region. This report describes the energy and materials for producing LVL in the SE region of the US through a cradle-to-gate life cycle inventory on the manufacturing process. The environmental impacts, global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, smog, and eutrophication are discussed. The focus of this report is an industry average LVL production in the SE region of the United States. LCI data are then used to estimate life-cycle impact assessments (LCIA). This study updates the cradle- togate manufacturing for LVL in the SE (Dancer and Wilson 2004, Wilson and Dancer 2005)

Download or read book CORRIM Report written by Richard Bergman and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environmental consequences of producing a material such as laminated veneer lumber (I-joists) are carried forward into the life cycle of products such as wooden structures. CORRIM, the Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials, has derived life cycle inventory (LCI) data for major wood products manufactured in several regions of the United States. The life cycle inventory data cover from forest regeneration through to final product at the mill gate. Research has covered nine major forest products, both structural and nonstructural, and four major regions: in this report we focus on I-joists produced in the US Pacific Northwest (PNW) region. This report describes the energy and materials for producing I-joists in the PNW region of the US through a cradle-to-gate life cycle inventory on the manufacturing process. The environmental impacts, global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, smog, and eutrophication are discussed. The focus of this report is an industry average I-joists production in the PNW region of the United States. LCI data are then used to estimate life-cycle impact assessments (LCIA). This study updates the cradle-to-gate manufacturing for I-joists in the PNW (Wilson and Dancer 2004).

Download or read book Cradle to Gate Life Cycle Assessment of Softwood Lumber Production from the Northeast North Central written by Maureen Puettmann and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "CORRIM, the Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials, has derived life cycle inventory (LCI) data for major wood products and wood production regions in the United States. The life cycle inventory data cover from forest regeneration through to final product at the mill gate. Research has covered nine major forest products including both structural and nonstructural uses and four major regions: in this report we focus on planed dry softwood lumber produced in the US Northeast-North central (NE-NC) region. The NE-NC regional data is a representative cross-section of forest growth and manufacturing processes in 20 states. Due to little or no production 6 states have been omitted: Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, New Jersey, and Ohio. This document updates the current wood product LCIs from a gate to gate to a cradle to gate LCI. Updates include the addition of NE-NC forestry operations, boiler, and electrical grid that have been developed since the original mill surveys were conducted in the years 1999 and 2000. The updated LCI data were used to conduct life cycle impact assessments (LCIA) using the North American impact method, TRACI 2.0 (Simapro version 4.0)(Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts) (Bare et al. 2011). These updates are necessary for the development of environmental product declarations (EPD) which will be based on this document. This document originates from the CORRIM LCI reports by Bergman and Bowe (2009, 2010) and Oneil et al. (2010). Updates in this report from the original Bergman report include: wood combustion boiler updates, electricity grid updates (Goemans 2010), and an LCIA. Updates to the forestry operations report include electricity grid updates and an LCIA using the TRACI method. This report follows data and reporting requirements as outlined in the Product Category Rules (PCR) for North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products (PCR 2011) that will provide the guidance for preparation of North American wood product EPD. This report does not include comparative assertions.S3.

Download or read book Cradle to gate Life cycle Assessment of Redwood Lumber in the United States written by Kamalakanta Sahoo and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global demand for renewable and sustainable materials such as wood products is growing. To support this growth, a scientific approach is necessary to illustrate the environmental benefits of wood products. This report contains a detailed cradle-to-gate life-cycle assessment method including data collection, development of life-cycle inventory, and life-cycle impact assessment for production of redwood lumber in the United States. The results illustrated that redwood lumber production has a very low carbon footprint (37.97 kg CO2e/m3 of lumber) and stores about 18 times more carbon compared with its cradle-togate carbon footprint.

Download or read book Cradle to gate Life cycle Assessment of North American Hardboard and Engineered Wood Siding and Trim Production written by Maureen Puettmann and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cradle to gate Life cycle Inventory of Hardboard and Engineered Wood Siding and Trim Produced in North America written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cradle to gate Life cycle Assessment of Cellulosic Fiberboard Production written by Kamalakanta Sahoo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global demand for construction materials from population growth and higher standards of living stresses the climate. Natural solutions such as renewable construction materials from wood aid in sustainable growth and decrease our environmental footprint. Wood can be used along the entire supply chain in producing these renewable products. Lower quality logs, sawmill residues, and construction waste are forms of wood resources processed to make engineered wood products such as cellulosic fiberboard. These engineered wood products are used in building construction and can store carbon for decades. This study quantified the environmental impacts associated with manufacturing cellulosic fiberboard in North America using the life-cycle assessment approach. System boundaries in this study included modules [A1] raw material extraction, [A2] raw material transportation, and [A3] product manufacturing. The declared unit was 1 m3 of cellulosic fiberboard packaged and ready for shipment. The cradle-to-gate life-cycle inventory results showed that 196 kg CO2eq was released in the production of 1 m3 of cellulosic fiberboard. Each unit (1 m3) of cellulosic fiberboard stored 439 kg CO2eq in wood material offsetting these [A1-A3] emissions. The product manufacturing phase of cellulosic fiberboard [A3] consumed 96% of total cradle-to-gate primary energy and generated about 93.8% of global warming (GW) impact. The GW impact showed that cellulosic fiberboard production had a negative impact when considering the carbon stored in cellulosic fiberboard acting as a carbon sink. To aid in mitigating climate change, the building industry is an ideal application for cellulosic fiberboard because of the low carbon footprint and long-term carbon storage ability of this product.

Download or read book Life cycle Assessment of Hardwood Lumber Production in the Southeastern United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of environmental awareness and regulations and the advent of environmental preferential purchasing, documenting the environmental profiles of building products using life-cycle assessment (LCA) has become a widespread emergent global trend. This study conducted a cradle-to-gate LCA of hardwood lumber production in the southeastern United States. System boundaries in this study included the following production stage information modules: raw material extraction (A1), resource and material transportation (A2), and hardwood lumber manufacturing (A3). Module A1 included forest management activities. The declared unit was 1 m3 of hardwood lumber packaged and ready for shipment. Surveys were used to collect primary hardwood lumber production data. This LCA study followed the standards of the International Organization for Standardization and the wood products product category rules. The tool for the reduction and assessment of chemical and other environmental impacts (TRACI), CML baseline, and cumulative energy demand were used to conduct a life-cycle impact assessment. The weighted average oven-dried density of southeastern hardwood lumber was 576 kg/m3. Results showed that about 209 kg CO2eq were released in the production of 1 m3 of hardwood lumber (all information modules combined), with the A3 module accounting for 71%, followed by A1 (15%) and then A2 (14%). Raw material extraction (A1), resource and material transportation (A2), and hardwood lumber manufacturing (A3) consumed about 9%, 7%, and 84%, respectively, of total cradle-to-gate primary energy. About 59% of the total primary energy used in the production of hardwood lumber (A1–A3) came from nonrenewable, mostly fossil, resources. One cubic meter of southeastern hardwood lumber stores 1,055 kg CO2eq, which is about four times more than the embodied carbon released from all three modules of the production of this lumber (209 kg CO2eq).

Download or read book Wood Composites written by Martin P Ansell and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart multi-functional coatings have made them a particular area of interest for researchers. Wood Composites comprehensively reviews the whole field of wood composites, with particular focus on their materials, applications and engineering and scientific advances, including solutions inspired biomimetrically by the structure of wood and wood composites. Part One covers the materials used for wood composites and examines wood microstructure, and wood processing and adhesives for wood composites. Part Two explores the many applications of wood composites, for example plywood, fibreboard, chipboard, glulam, cross-laminated timber, I-beams and wood-polymer composites. The final part investigates advances in wood composites and looks at the preservation and modification of wood composites, environmental impacts and legislative obligations, nano-coatings and plasma treatment, biomimetic composite materials, the integration of wood composites with other materials and carbonized and mineralized wood composites. Comprehensively reviews the entire field of wood composites in a single volume Examines recent progress in enhancing and refining the performance and properties of wood composites by chemical and thermal modification and the application of smart multi-functional coatings Explores the range of wood composites, including both new and traditional products

Download or read book Cradle to gate Life cycle Assessment of Wooden Pallet Production in the United States written by Sevda Alanya-Rosenbaum and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cradle to Gate Life Cycle Assessment of North American Cellulosic Fiberboard Production written by Maureen E. Puettmann and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All consumer products have an environmental footprint. Quantifying that footprint has become more common with the advent of Environmental Preferential Purchasing (EPP), an emergent world-wide phenomenon. The forest products industry in particular has been challenged regarding its environmental sustainability. The greatest challenges with respect to practices center on the extraction of forest resources with questions about product environmental performance focused on uses, longevity and final disposal. In addition forest land owners and product manufacturers are facing increased environmental regulations and competition in the marketplace. The forest sector as a whole is challenged with re-thinking how they grow, manage, and manufacture products to efficiently meet expectations set forth by environmental regulations, government policies, and the public. To meet the challenges of the EPP framework, the American Wood Council (AWC) commissioned the Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials (CORRIM) to produce a cradle to gate (CtG) life-cycle assessment of North American cellulosic fiberboard and an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) based on the LCA. CORRIM (www.corrim.org) has derived life-cycle inventory (LCI) data for major wood products and wood production regions in the United States (US). The LCI data covers forest regeneration through to final product at the mill gate. Research has covered nine major forest products including both structural and nonstructural uses and four major US regions including the Pacific Northwest (PNW), Southeast (SE), Inland West, and Northeast/North Central (NE-NC). Comparable data for Canadian wood products and regions has been produced by the ATHENA Sustainable Materials Institute (www.athenasmi.org) and FPInnovations (www.fpinnovations.ca). This report focuses on the average North American production of cellulosic fiberboard and utilizes underlying data from both CORRIM and ATHENA. This document is based on the life cycle inventory (LCI) report for cellulosic fiberboard by Bergman (2015). It uses the Bergman (2015) LCI data as the basis for conducting a life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) using the TRACI method (Bare et al. 2011). This report follows data and reporting requirements as outlined in the Product Category Rules (PCR) for North American Structural and Architectural Wood Products (FPInnovations 2015) that will provide the guidance for preparation of North American Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) for cellulosic fiberboard. This report does not include comparative assertions. Some processes have been updated since the publication the original LCI report (Bergman 2015) and they are noted by date in Table 9 of this report. This reports LCIA results for both mass and economic allocation for the production of 1 cubic of meter of uncoated cellulosic fiberboard.

Download or read book Environmental Life Cycle Assessment Open Access written by Olivier Jolliet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment is a pivotal guide to identifying environmental problems and reducing related impacts for companies and organizations in need of life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA, a unique sustainability tool, provides a framework that addresses a growing demand for practical technological solutions. Detailing each phase of the LCA methodology, this textbook covers the historical development of LCA, presents the general principles and characteristics of LCA, and outlines the corresponding standards for good practice determined by the International Organization for Standardization. It also explains how to identify the critical aspects of an LCA, provides detailed examples of LCA analysis and applications, and includes illustrated problems and solutions with concrete examples from water management, electronics, packaging, automotive, and other industries. In addition, readers will learn how to: Use consistent criteria to realize and evaluate an LCA independently of individual interests Understand the LCA methodology and become familiar with existing databases and methods based on the latest results of international research Analyze and critique a completed LCA Apply LCA methodology to simple case studies Geared toward graduate and undergraduate students studying environmental science and industrial ecology, as well as practicing environmental engineers, and sustainability professionals who want to teach themselves LCA good practices, Environmental Life Cycle Assessment demonstrates how to conduct environmental assessments for products throughout their life cycles. It presents existing methods and recent developments in the growing field of LCA and systematically covers goal and system definition, life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment, and interpretation.

Download or read book Assessment of Carbon Footprint in Different Industrial Sectors Volume 2 written by Subramanian Senthilkannan Muthu and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-19 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Followed by the previous part (Volume-1), Volume-2 of carbon footprint assessment book deals with the assessment of carbon footprint in different other sectors, which were not dealt in the first part. Attention on Carbon footprint is growing day-by-day from the public, government and media. Certainly it is one of the most important topics in the agenda of every nation, which is trying its best to reduce its carbon footprint to the maximum possible extent. Every manufacturing industry or sector would like to reduce the carbon footprint of its products and consumers are looking for the products which emit lower carbon emissions in their entire life cycle. Assessment of Carbon footprint for different products, processes and services and also carbon labeling of products have become familiar topics in the recent past in various industrial sectors. Every industry has its unique assessment and modeling techniques, allocation procedures, mitigation methods and labeling strategies for its carbon emissions. With this background, volume two of this book has been framed with dedicated chapters on carbon footprint assessment on various industrial sectors, apart from the ones covered in Volume 1. In each chapter, details pertaining to the assessment methodologies of carbon footprint followed in a particular industry, challenges in calculating the carbon footprint, case studies of various products in that particular industry, mitigation measures to be followed to trim down the carbon footprint, recommendations for further research are discussed in detail.

Download or read book Wood and Fiber Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: