Download or read book COVID 19 She Cession The Employment Penalty of Taking Care of Young Children written by Ms.Stefania Fabrizio and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 outbreak and the measures to contain the virus have caused severe disruptions to labor supply and demand worldwide. Understanding who is bearing the burden of the crisis and what drives it is crucial for designing policies going forward. Using the U.S. monthly Current Population Survey data, this paper analyzes differences in employment responses between men and women. The main finding is that less educated women with young children were the most adversely affected during the first nine months of the crisis.The loss of employment of women with young children due to the burden of additional childcare is estimated to account for 45 percent of the increase in the employment gender gap, and to reduce total output by 0.36 percent between April and November 2020.

Download or read book Gender and Employment in the COVID 19 Recession Evidence on She cessions written by Mr. John C Bluedorn and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early evidence on the pandemic’s effects pointed to women’s employment falling disproportionately, leading observers to call a “she-cession.” This paper documents the extent and persistence of this phenomenon in a quarterly sample of 38 advanced and emerging market economies. We show that there is a large degree of heterogeneity across countries, with over half to two-thirds exhibiting larger declines in women’s than men’s employment rates. These gender differences in COVID-19’s effects are typically short-lived, lasting only a quarter or two on average. We also show that she-cessions are strongly related to COVID-19’s impacts on gender shares in employment within sectors.

Download or read book COVID 19 and the Informality driven Recovery The Case of Colombia s Labor Market written by Jorge Alvarez and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-09-17 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper documents the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns on the Colombian labor market using household micro-data. About a quarter of employment was temporarily disrupted at the height of the first pandemic-induced lockdown in 2020. Women, the young, and the less educated were the most affected groups. Since then, a remarkable recovery, led by a rebound in informal employment, has taken place. By adjusting both employment levels and hours faster, the informal sector acted as an important margin of adjustment, particularly in those industries most affected by the first lockdown. The informal sector also appears to have played a role in decreasing the sensitivity of aggregate employment to more recent lockdowns in 2021, as the economy has learned to cope with pandemic restrictions, although the possibility of higher informality rates becoming embedded remains an substantial downside risk for long-term productivity.

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Gender and COVID 19 written by Linda C. McClain and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-04-30 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Companion to Gender and COVID-19 is the first comprehensive research guide for researchers and students who seek to study and evaluate the complex relationship between gender and COVID-19. This interdisciplinary collection touches on two major themes: first, how gender played a central role in shaping access to testing, treatment, and vaccines. Second, how the pandemic not only deepened existing gender inequalities, but also those along the lines of race, class, sexuality, disability, and immigration status. Bringing together a diverse range of international scholars across a number of disciplinary perspectives, this intersectional and comparative focus on COVID explores topics including the pandemic’s impact on families, employment, childcare and elder care, human rights, as well as gender and political economy and leadership, public health law, disability rights, and abortion access. The Routledge Companion to Gender and COVID-19 is an essential volume for scholars and students of Law, Gender Studies, Sociology, Health, Economics, and Politics.

Download or read book Reframing Globalization After COVID 19 written by Pablo Baisotti and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-15 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pandemic has deepened existing trends in the international system, in particular the readjustment of alliances between nations and between regions. As spheres of influence disintegrate and reform, so national and regional security policies will change in unforeseen ways notwithstanding that individual state self-preservation will dominate policy choice. Three major dimensions are addressed. The first dimension is International Relations and Economy. The coronavirus has accelerated a global economic crisis comparable to those of 1929, 1987 and 2008. Are the major economic trading blocs moving to a war economy, and who might win or lose in this context? The second dimension of analysis is the growth of Information Communication. Hybrid and fragmented, especially in terms of the use of social media, the use of veiled threat and promoting discord in the form of providing provocative information on topics of the day can lead to conflict consequences and all its negative impacts. The third dimension is Geopolitical Reconfiguration. While world powers are always manoeuvring for an enhanced military and economic position, the pandemic offers new opportunities to capitalise on the changing power balance. The editors and contributors engage with the differing power polarities between China, the United States, India, Brazil, Russia, and the European Union. This book is one of the first to present research on the effects of COVID-19 on national public policy. Cross-cultural analysis of its effects, and the way in which different societies have addressed the fight against the virus, provides insight into the relations between states and possible solutions in the international arena. The work is essential reading for all those involved in international affairs and policy-making.

Download or read book Recoveries After Pandemics The Role of Policies and Structural Features written by Juan Pablo Cuesta Aguirre and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-09 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To shed light on the possible scarring effects from Covid-19, this paper studies the economic effects of five past pandemics using local projections on a sample of fifty-five countries over 1990-2019. The findings reveal that pandemics have detrimental medium-term effects on output, unemployment, poverty, and inequality. However, policies can go a long way toward alleviating suffering and fostering an inclusive recovery. The adverse output effects are limited for countries that provided relatively greater fiscal support. The increases in unemployment, poverty, and inequality are likewise lower for countries with relatively greater fiscal support and relatively stronger initial conditions (as defined by higher formality, family benefits, and health spending per capita).

Download or read book Women s Entrepreneurship in a Turbulent Era written by Colette Henry and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncovering how women entrepreneurs have navigated adverse situations through innovation and adaptability, WomenÕs Entrepreneurship in a Turbulent Era explores the nuanced experiences of these business owners. It offers valuable insights into women's entrepreneurial efforts in redefining the norms and rules in a rapidly changing world.

Download or read book Interim Guidance Note on Mainstreaming Gender at The IMF written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-01-12 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interim note provides general guidance on the operationalization of the IMF’s Strategy Toward Mainstreaming Gender. It offers a comprehensive overview of how IMF staff can integrate macrocritical gender issues into the IMF’s core areas of surveillance, lending, and capacity development. Key topics include i) identifying and assessing macrocritical gender gaps; ii) the “light touch” and “deep dive” approaches; iii) early insights on integrating gender into IMF-supported programs; iv) capacity development on gender or with a gender lens; v) synergies with other workstreams and vi) the importance of collaboration. It also includes summaries and links to relevant tools, databases, IMF staff reports, and relevant literature.

Download or read book The Changing Face of Medicine written by Ann K. Boulis and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-15 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of women practicing medicine in the United States has grown steadily since the late 1960s, with women now roughly at parity with men among entering medical students. Why did so many women enter American medicine? How are women faring, professionally and personally, once they become physicians? Are women transforming the way medicine is practiced? To answer these questions, The Changing Face of Medicine draws on a wide array of sources, including interviews with women physicians and surveys of medical students and practitioners. The analysis is set in the twin contexts of a rapidly evolving medical system and profound shifts in gender roles in American society. Throughout the book, Ann K. Boulis and Jerry A. Jacobs critically examine common assumptions about women in medicine. For example, they find that women's entry into medicine has less to do with the decline in status of the profession and more to do with changes in women's roles in contemporary society. Women physicians' families are becoming more and more like those of other working women. Still, disparities in terms of specialty, practice ownership, academic rank, and leadership roles endure, and barriers to opportunity persist. Along the way, Boulis and Jacobs address a host of issues, among them dual-physician marriages, specialty choice, time spent with patients, altruism versus materialism, and how physicians combine work and family. Women's presence in American medicine will continue to grow beyond the 50 percent mark, but the authors question whether this change by itself will make American medicine more caring and more patient centered. The future direction of the profession will depend on whether women doctors will lead the effort to chart a new course for health care delivery in the United States.

Download or read book Intersectionality and Crisis Management written by Hillary J. Knepper and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intersectionality and Crisis Management: A Path to Social Equity aims to embed the social equity discourse into crisis management while exploring the potential of a new tool, the Integrative Crisis Management Model. Leaders and managers navigate a complex and networked environment of policy-making and action, frequently occurring in real time, under constant media exposure. The pervasive availability of this news on all platforms and devices produces a lingering anxiety about the inevitability of danger. Consequently, crisis affords a time-sensitive exploration of management practices and sheds a critical spotlight on deficiencies that may yield novel approaches to doing business. As the book engages contributing authors who are foremost in their field, it also includes practitioners, students, and junior scholars in a creative new discourse about equity. Bringing these diverse voices together in one volume presents a unique opportunity to generate new insights. Intersectionality provides a framework for understanding how categorizations of people drive social constructs of discrimination and oppression. Each chapter covers a different subject – exploring intersectionality in healthcare, nonprofit management, and human resources – and is accompanied by discussion questions. The book provides something for the classroom, for practitioners, and for scholars who want to include more intersectional thinking into their work. Chapters 1 and 6 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.

Download or read book Diversity in Criminology and Criminal Justice Studies written by Derek M.D. Silva and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2022-05-12 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the theoretical and methodological maturity and diversity in reflexive accounts of criminology and criminal justice in a number of areas, such as and teaching and research in criminology, queer criminology, the intersections of race and gender, indigeneity and decolonization, domestic violence and human rights.

Download or read book Flattening The Curve Covid 19 Grand Challenges For Global Health Innovation And Economy written by Chirantan Chatterjee and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-05-08 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the key issues the world grappled with during COVID-19 was the distributional implications of lockdowns globally. The shadow of lockdown policies continues when nations still try to emerge out of the pandemic. Heterogeneity herein over time, country and even within nations in policy making resulted in unintended consequences and debates between citizens, scientists, policy makers and civil society. Responses to COVID-19 meanwhile tried to balance a long run approach which involved the health sector, built on an innovation-oriented mindset and kept in mind the broader economic implications of policy decisions for the future.Flattening the Curve is an effort to summarize these learnings from COVID-19, especially for future pandemics in this age of zoonotic diseases and the Anthropocene. Assembling scholars, scientists, innovators and entrepreneurs from across a variety of fields, this edited volume brings an interdisciplinary understanding to how the world can better respond socially to pandemics. It should be of immense value for students, scholars, policy makers and researchers in public policy, global health, economics, science and innovation policy, as well as regulation and business.

Download or read book NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2021 written by Martin Eichenbaum and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2021 presents research-central issues in contemporary macroeconomics. Robert Hall and Marianna Kudlyak examine unemployment dynamics during economic recoveries. They present new empirical findings and explore models in which the labor market gradually draws down the stock of unemployed workers in the aftermath of a downturn. Titan Alon, Sena Coskun, Matthias Doepke, David Koll, and Michèle Tertilt analyze the relative decline in employment of women during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated global recession. They show that increased childcare needs, which fell more heavily on women, and differences in occupations both contributed. In the case of the US, however, each of these factors account for less than 20% of the gender gap in hours worked during the pandemic. Richard Rogerson and Johanna Wallenius study the employment rates of older workers in OECD countries over the last forty years. An expansion of institutions incentivizing retirement, concurrent with negative aggregate shocks between 1970 and 1995, led to falling employment rates. This trend started to reverse in the mid-1990s when many of these institutions, such as public pension programs, were cut back. Michael Barnett, William Brock, and Lars Peter Hansen explore the consequences of risk, ambiguity, and model misspecification in climate policy design. They consider carbon emissions pricing and the effects of different sources of uncertainty—such as future information about environmental damage, uncertainties in carbon and temperature dynamics and damage functions, and the role of future green technologies—on policy design. Michael Kremer, Jack Willis, and Yang You present new evidence suggesting a steady trend toward income convergence across countries since the late 1980s. They find convergence in various determinants of economic growth across countries and a flattening of the relationship between growth and these determinants. The paper challenges theories of growth arising after earlier rejections of the neoclassical growth model.

Download or read book Gender and Revenue Administration written by Ms. Katherine Baer and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-08-15 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This technical note provides an overview of current issues and ideas that revenue administrations can consider regarding gender equality. It discusses the interactions between revenue administrations and gender equality and explores how revenue administrations can administer gender-sensitive tax laws effectively and apply a gender lens when administering tax or trade laws with a view to reducing barriers for women’s employment, entrepreneurship, and trade. It also provides practical considerations for a revenue administration in building gender perspectives in reform plans and shares several examples that highlight targeted measures that have led to positive outcomes in several countries.

Download or read book Fintech Female Employment and Gender Inequality written by Mr. Boileau Loko and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-06-03 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fintech, which delivers financial services digitally, promises to promote financial inclusion and close the gender gap. Using a novel fintech dataset for 114 economies worldwide, this paper shows that fintech adoption significantly improves female employment and reduces gender inequality, the effect being more pronounced in firms without traditional financial access. Fintech not only increases the number and ratio of female employees in the workforce, but also mitigates financial constraints of female-headed firms. Digital divide and poor institutions weaken such benefits. Endogeneity is accounted for by a fixed effects identification strategy. We conclude by providing policy recommendations and outlining avenues for future research.

Download or read book Ecuador Selected Issues written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-10-07 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected Issues

Download or read book Creating Supportive Spaces for Pregnant and Parenting College Students written by Catherine L. Riley and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-12-01 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together interdisciplinary research, theoretical perspectives, and detailed explanations of paths and examples to help colleges become supportive spaces for pregnant and parenting students. Expanding the discourse around pregnant and parenting college students to a more interdisciplinary and international arena, this volume follows the ground-breaking disquisition, formerly set forth by ‘Title IX and the Protection of Pregnant and Parenting College Students (Riley, Hutchinson, Dix 2022)’, to define this cohesive field and bring together separate voices to help colleges become more supportive spaces after the . The chapters explore academia’s attitude toward motherhood, families, and care work, the invisibility of pregnant and parenting students, system-wide negligence, the forgotten nature of student-fathers, unacknowledged miscarriages, organized policy change efforts, involved agencies of change, the troubling presence of coercion, and more. While arguing that barriers currently prevent colleges from becoming supportive spaces, the volume asserts that improvements are both feasible and vital for ensuring that institutions of higher education are complying with Title IX, a U.S. federal law. Offering interdisciplinary research, explanations of problems, and paths for progress, this edited volume will be useful to scholars, researchers, administrators, and activists working to support pregnant and parenting students. Various chapters will also interest those working in higher education administration, education policy, reproductive health, gender studies, and health and organizational communication more broadly. Supporting pregnant and parenting college students, however, is a shared responsibility belonging to all members of a campus community; accordingly, this volume is for every institution that plans to comply with Title IX.