Download or read book Cosmic Microwave Background Analysis for CAPMAP and Future Experiments written by Kendrick M. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the first half of this thesis, we describe design and implementation of the analysis pipeline for the 2005 observing season of CAPMAP, an experiment to measure CMB polarization on small angular scales using coherent polarimeters and the Lucent 7 meter telescope in Crawford Hill, New Jersey. Although the results of the analysis are not completely finalized, we present partial results obtained from the data, and full results for a full-season simulation, in order to illustrate the measurement that will be obtained.
Download or read book Present and Future of the Cosmic Microwave Background written by Jose L. Sanz and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994-02-28 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These review articles by outstanding specialists cover the present status ofthe observations of the spectrum and of the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Experimental developments, data analysis and related theoretical aspects are also treated. The idea is to review and discuss at a level accessible to non-specialised astronomers and graduate students the most recent developments in this field as well as the future perspectives for astrophysics and cosmology in particular.
Download or read book Present and Future of the Cosmic Microwave Background written by Jose L. Sanz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-12 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These review articles by outstanding specialists cover the present status ofthe observations of the spectrum and of the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Experimental developments, data analysis and related theoretical aspects are also treated. The idea is to review and discuss at a level accessible to non-specialised astronomers and graduate students the most recent developments in this field as well as the future perspectives for astrophysics and cosmology in particular.
Download or read book A Hunt for Cosmic Microwave Background B modes in the Sytematic Contaminants Jungle written by Josquin Errard and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents a study of selected instrumental and astrophysical systematics, which may affect the performance of new generation of future observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization. It elaborates on their impact on the science goals of those observations and discusses techniques and approaches for their removal. Its focus is on general issues typical of entire classes of experiments, but also on specific problems as encountered in the context of a CMB B-mode experiment, POLARBEAR. The main target of the CMB polarization effort undergoing currently in the field is a detection of the primordial B-modes anisotropies -- a so far undetected signature of the inflationary theories. This would have far-reaching impact on our understanding of the universe but also fundamental laws of physics. Understanding, modelling, and ultimately removal of the systematics are essential steps in any modern CMB analyste pipeline and their successful accomplishment, together with a high instrumental sensitivity, will decide of a final success of the entire effort. In this thesis I first describe optics of typical CMB experiments and introduce a parametrization of instrumental and cross-polarisation affects particularly convenient for the analysis of their impact. Second, I present a model describing the atmospheric contamination and use it to provide some insights about the atmosphere's role and its impact on performance of ground-based experiments. I also outline how it could be used further to improve control of atmospheric effects in the CMB data analysis. Then, I discuss another source of sky systematics -- the polarized astrophysical foregrounds. In this context I present on the one hand a new approach to forecasting performance of the future experiments, which accounts for the presence of the foregrounds, white on the other I propose a framework for optimizing hardware of such experiments to let them achieve better performance. This part of thesis stems from a commun work with dm. F. Stivoli and R. Stompor. I finally present one of the leading CMB polarization experiment POLARBEAR, in which I have been involved in over the course of my PhD studies. I describe its current status and performance as well as selected steps of its data analysis pipeline. In particular, I show methods to estimate some of the parameters introduced for the systematics modeling from simulated data. This work has been performed in collaboration with mernbers of the POLARBEAR team.
Download or read book The Cosmic Microwave Background written by Slobodan Perovic and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-06-30 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explanations of the cosmic microwave background prompt this unique case study of theory building in modern science.
Download or read book Illuminating the Background written by Nathan James Miller and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The cosmic microwave background provides a wealth of information about the origin and history of the universe. The statistics of the anisotropy and the polarization of the cosmic microwave background, among other things, can tell us about the distribution of matter, the redshift of reionization, and the nature of the primordial fluctuations. From the lensing of cosmic microwave background due to intervening matter, we can extract information about neutrinos and the equation of state of dark energy. A measurement of the large angular scale B-mode polarization has been called the "smoking gun'' of inflation, a theory that describes a possible early rapid expansion of the universe. The focus of current experiments is to measure this B-mode polarization, while several experiments, such as POLARBEAR, are also looking to measure the lensing of the cosmic microwave background. This dissertation will discuss several different topics in cosmic microwave background polarization research. I will make predictions for future experiments and I will also show analysis for two current experiments, POLARBEAR and BICEP. I will show how beam systematics affect the measurement of cosmological parameters and how well we must limit these systematics in order to get unbiased constraints on cosmological parameters for future experiments. I will discuss a novel way of using the temperature-polarization cross-correlation to constrain the amount of inflationary gravitational waves. Through Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, I will determine how well future experiments will be able to constrain the neutrino masses and their degeneracy parameters. I will show results from current data analysis and calibration being done on the Cedar Flat deployment for the POLARBEAR experiment which is currently being constructed in the Atacama desert in Chile. Finally, I will analyze the claim of detection of cosmological birefringence in the BICEP data and show that there is reason to believe it is due to systematic effects in the data.
Download or read book The Physics of the Cosmic Microwave Background written by Pavel Davidovich Naselʹskiĭ and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking a physical approach, the authors provide an up-to-date and accessible review of this fascinating and complex subject in light of observational breakthroughs made by the WMAP satellite. Highlighting recent progress and looking ahead to future experiments, this text will be valuable to advanced students and researchers in cosmology.
Download or read book Data Analysis of Cosmic Microwave Background Experiments written by Matthew Edmund Abroe and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cosmic Microwave Background written by Júlio C. Fabris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The series of texts composing this book is based on the lectures presented during the II José Plínio Baptista School of Cosmology, held in Pedra Azul (Espírito Santo, Brazil) between 9 and 14 March 2014. This II JBPCosmo has been entirely devoted to the problem of understanding theoretical and observational aspects of Cosmic Background Radiation (CMB).The CMB is one of the most important phenomena in Physics and a fundamental probe of our Universe when it was only 400,000 years old. It is an extraordinary laboratory where we can learn from particle physics to cosmology; its discovery in 1965 has been a landmark event in the history of physics.The observations of the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation through the satellites COBE, WMAP and Planck provided a huge amount of data which are being analyzed in order to discover important informations regarding the composition of our universe and the process of structure formation.
Download or read book Measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background and Foregrounds with the Planck and BOORERanG Experiments written by Marcella Veneziani and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cosmic Micro wave Background (CMB) is one of the main observables in cosmology. Many experiments are aimed at studying its temperature and polarization fluctuations. Several components. called foregrounds, pollute the CMB signal. Using measurements at multiple frequencies, the foregrounds can be studied and removed from the CMB. In the first part of my thesis I collaborated in the characterization and calibration of the focal plane of the High Frequency Instrument of PLANCK in order to measure the orientation and polarization efficiency of the detectors. Understanding these quantities is very important for the analysis of future PLANCK data, especially for the polarization analysis. In the second part of my thesis I worked on BOOMERanG 2003 (B03) data focusing on the science of foregrounds. At B03 frequencies, the brightest signal besides the CMB is the emission of thermal dust from our own Galaxy. Combining B03 data with other experiments I measured the temperature and spectral index of emissivity of several dust structures. I found two different temperature components, and an inverse correlation between dust temperature and spectral index. The B03 frequencies range is also well suited to study the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. The SZ is the inverse Compton scattering of CMB photons by hot electrons in galaxy clusters. I separated the SZ component from the others present in this region and frequency range, produced a multi-frequency power spectrum, and used it to constrain the our understanding of matter fluctuations in the Universe.
Download or read book The Cosmic Microwave Background 25 Years Later written by N. Mandolesi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the result of a Meeting held in L'Aquila (Italy) from the 19th to the 23rd of June 1989. The aim of the Meeting was to gather together the people actively working on the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation, both from an experimental and from a theoretical point of view. In view of the intensive current activity in this field, including ongoing (COBE) and forthcoming (RELIC II, ISO, AELITA, etc. ) space missions, a meeting fully dedicated to this important topic was timely. The meeting also celebrated the 25th anniversary of the Microwave Background discovery made in 1964 by the Nobel Prize winners A. Penzias and R. Wilson. We greatly regret that we were not able to have them at the Meeting. There is of course another person whose absence we regret, namely R. H. Dicke, who motivated a generation of experimentalists and theoreticians to open and study this new field of research. As organizers of the Meeting, we would like to express our gratitude to the people who contributed to its success. We want to thank the members of the Scientific Organizing Committee for their assistance, suggestions and encouragement, the invited speakers for their excellent presentations, and the chairmen for their help in handling the various Sessions. We would like to thank P. Palazzi for her help in secretarial work, dr. L.
Download or read book The Early Universe and the Cosmic Microwave Background Theory and Observations written by Norma G. Sànchez and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the Daniel Chalonge School on Astrofundamental Physics is to contribute to a theory of the universe (and particularly of the early universe) up to the marks, and at the scientific height of, the unprecedented accuracy, existent and expected, in the observational data. The impressive development of modern cosmology during the last decades is to a large extent due to its unification with elementary particle physics and quantum field theory. The cross-section between these fields has been increasing setting up Astrofundamental Physics. The early universe is an exceptional (theoretical and experimental) laboratory in this new discipline. This NATO Advanced Study Institute provided an up dated understanding, from a fundamental physics and deep point of view, of the progress and key issues in the early universe and the cosmic microwave background: theory and observations. The genuine interplay with large scale structure formation and dark matter problem were discussed. The central focus was placed on the cosmic microwave background. Emphasis was given to the precise inter-relation between fundamental physics and cosmology in these problems, both at the theoretical and experimental/observational levels, within a deep and well defined programme which provided in addition, a careful interdisciplinarity. Special sessions were devoted to high energy cosmic rays, neutrinos in astrophysics, and high energy astrophysics. Deep understanding, clarification, synthesis, careful interdisciplinarity within a fundamental physics framework, were the main goals of the course.
Download or read book The Music of the Big Bang written by Amedeo Balbi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-16 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since its infancy, humankind has been seeking answers to some very basic and profound questions. Did the Universe begin? If it did, how old is it, and where did it come from? What is its shape? What is it made of? Fascinating myths and brilliant in- itions attempting to solve such enigmas can be found all through the history of human thought. Every culture has its own legends, itsownworldcreationtales,itsphilosophicalspeculations,itsre- gious beliefs. Modern science, however, cannot content itself with fanciful explanations, no matter how suggestive they are. No- days, our theories about the Universe, built upon rational ded- tion, have to survive the hard test of experiment and observation. Cosmology, the science which studies the origin and evo- tion of the Universe, had to overcome enormous dif?culties before it could achieve the same level of dignity as other physical dis- plines. At ?rst, it had no serious physical model and mathematical tools that could be used to address the complexity of the problems it had to face. Then, it suffered from a chronic lack of experim- tal data, which made it almost impossible to test the theoretical speculations. Given this situation, answering rigorously the many questions on the nature of the Universe seemed nothing more than a delusion. Today, however, things have changed. We live in the golden age of cosmology: an exciting moment, when, for the ?rst time, we are able to scienti?cally understand our Universe.
Download or read book A Primer On The Physics Of The Cosmic Microwave Background written by Massimo Giovannini and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008-03-04 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last fifteen years, various areas of high energy physics, astrophysics and theoretical physics have converged on the study of cosmology so that any graduate student in these disciplines today needs a reasonably self-contained introduction to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). This book presents the essential theoretical tools necessary to acquire a modern working knowledge of CMB physics. The style of the book, falling somewhere between a monograph and a set of lecture notes, is pedagogical and the author uses the typical approach of theoretical physics to explain the main problems in detail, touching on the main assumptions and derivations of a fascinating subject.
Download or read book Optimization of Future Projects for the Measurement of Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization written by Thuong Duc Hoang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studying the Effects of Galactic and Extragalactic Foregrounds on Cosmic Microwave Background Observations written by Maximilian H. Abitbol and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fourth, I will present my analysis characterizing the performance of and producing maps for the E and B Experiment. Fifth, I will present my research contributions to the readout system that used in the laboratory to operate kinetic inductance detectors, which are being developed for cosmic microwave background observations. Lastly, I will conclude with future prospects in the field of foregrounds and cosmic microwave background cosmology.
Download or read book Searching for Evidence of New Physics in the Cosmic Microwave Background and Large scale Distribution of Galaxies written by Robert Isaac Knight and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this dissertation I describe a set of three projects all related to the statistics of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB). In the first of these, I analyze the relationship between two CMB statistics, called S[subscript 1/2] C2, and also re-interpret the significance of S[subscript 1/2]. The S[subscript 1/2] statistic quantifies an unexpected feature which can be seen in the angular two-point correlation function C([theta]) of the observed CMB temperature field: C([theta]) is very close to zero on angular scales larger than about cos−1(1/2) = 60°. The C2 statistic is the variance of the five quadrupole moments of the CMB temperature field. Using CMB simulations based on the [lambda]CDM cosmological model in which the simulated C2 values are near the observed one, the p-value of S[subscript 1/2], or the fraction of simulations that have an S[subscript 1/2] value below the observed S[subscript 1/2] value, increases from 0.007 to 0.08. The p-value of C2 is 0.039. I show that these low p-value s are not independent of each other. Furthermore, corrections for a "look-elsewhere effect'' in the interpretation of the observed value of S[subscript 1/2] are large. This complication in interpretation arises due to the a posteriori nature of the S[subscript 1/2] statistic: the statistic was created after the observation of C([theta]) that motivated measuring it. The S[subscript 1/2] project is strongly data-driven, involving analysis of CMB maps from the Planck mission. The rest of the dissertation is aimed at understanding the value of future cosmological data. For these projects I calculate the expected uncertainties in [lambda] CDM + m[subscript nu] + w[subscript DE] cosmological parameter constraints, using a simple model for a linear galaxy bias, through a combination of future CMB lensing observations with future large scale structure (LSS) observations. The combination of CMB lensing information with that of a 3-dimensional map of galaxy number densities divided into redshift bins helps to break the degeneracy between the amplitude of the matter power spectrum P(k) and the galaxy bias, thus enabling certain parameters of interest to be better constrained in this combination of observables than with CMB lensing or galaxy clustering alone. In one case, the focus is constraints on the sum of the mass of neutrinos [sigma]m[subscript nu], without relying on cosmological optical depth information, and in the second case, is constraints on a time-varying Dark Energy equation of state (EoS) parameter w[subscript DE](a). In both of these cases, the main future data sets that I include in the forecasts are the CMB-S4 lensing map, the CMB-S4 primary CMB maps, and a 3-dimensional LSST galaxy map, divided into tomographic redshift bins, projected into 2-dimensional galaxy maps. Cosmic shear information is not included in these forecasts in order to show that CMB lensing + LSST galaxy clustering can provide a probe of neutrino mass and EoS that is complementary to methods which include cosmic shear. In the case of neutrino mass, I also include a forecast for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO). I show that the combination of LSST galaxy clustering, CMB-S4 lensing, and DESI BAO should be able to achieve constraints on the neutrino mass sum of 24 meV, an independent measurement that is competitive with or slightly better than the optical-depth-limited constraint of 29 meV possible with CMB-S4 + DESI BAO, or 32 meV with LSST galaxy 2-point correlations + galaxy-shear correlations Planck. For the case of the EoS parameter, adding the CMB-S4 lensing map to the redshift-binned LSST galaxy clustering plus S4 primary CMB power spectra increases the Dark Energy Task Force figure of merit (FoM) by a factor of between 2 and 4. The FoM from these data is comparable to that from LSST cosmic shear + Planck in the absence of a CMB lensing map. For the EoS parameter forecast, I also point out how changes to the distance-redshift relation are more important for detection of a departure from w[subscript DE] -1$ than changes to the shape or amplitude of the matter power spectrum.
