Download or read book CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF MILD STEEL IN ARTIFICIAL SEA WATER CONTAINING HYDROGEN SULFIDE written by H. Sasaki and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion behavior of mild steel in artificial sea water containing hydrogen sulfide written by H. Sasaki and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Corrosion written by Christofer Leygraf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION Presents a comprehensive look at atmospheric corrosion, combining expertise in corrosion science and atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric corrosion has been a subject of engineering study, largely empirical, for nearly a century. Scientists came to the field rather later on and had considerable difficulty bringing their arsenal of tools to bear on the problem. Atmospheric corrosion was traditionally studied by specialists in corrosion having little knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, history, or prospects. Atmospheric Corrosion provides a combined approach bringing together experimental corrosion and atmospheric chemistry. The second edition expands on this approach by including environmental aspects of corrosion, atmospheric corrosion modeling, and international corrosion exposure programs. The combination of specialties provides a more comprehensive coverage of the topic. These scientific insights into the corrosion process and its amelioration are the focus of this book. Key topics include the following: Basic principles of atmospheric corrosion chemistry Corrosion mechanisms in controlled and uncontrolled environments Degradation of materials in architectural, transport, and structural applications; electronic devices; and cultural artifacts Protection of existing materials and choosing new ones that resist corrosion Prediction of how and where atmospheric corrosion may evolve in the future Complete with appendices discussing experimental techniques, computer models, and the degradation of specific metals, Atmospheric Corrosion, Second Edition continues to be an invaluable resource for corrosion scientists, corrosion engineers, conservators, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in the theory and application of this evolving field. The book concerns primarily the atmospheric corrosion of metals and is written at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students in any of the physical or engineering sciences.
Download or read book Corrosion of Steel by Gases Containing Traces of Hydrogren Sulphide Effect of Pressure and Moisture Condition written by John Michael Devine and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CORROSION OF MILD STEEL IN SEA WATER written by Dr. R. LAKSHMI SREE and published by Book Rivers. This book was released on 2022-11-24 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1042 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book THE ROLE OF BACTERIA IN ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION OF STEEL IN SEA WATER written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria play a role of biological depolarizers and activators in the process of electrochemical corrosion of steel in sea water. The role of bacteria is very important in the initial period when they activate the metal surface and accelerate the formation of microgalvanic elements. Later on, corrosion of the metal becomes apparent due to increased use of molecular hydrogen and depolarization of the cathode, and due to the work of the galvanic pairs which is maintained by the anode process and by the bacteriogenic hydrogen sulfide contacting the metal. Only intensely reproducing bacteria with a well-expressed production of hydrogen sulfide or ammonia enhance the biological corrosion of carbon steel. Most of the cultures studied cause biological corrosion of carbon steel leading to a significant loss of metal.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Salt Concentration on Aqueous Strong Acid Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion of Carbon Steel written by Fazlollah Madani Sani and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aqueous brines are often produced during hydrocarbon recovery from geological reservoirs as an unwanted by-product. Degree of salinity is always an issue in produced water. In the USA, salt concentration in waters produced from conventional oil and gas wells falls in the range of 1 g/l (~ 0.1 wt.%) to 400 g/l (~ 28 wt.%). Besides salts, CO2 and H2S are ubiquitous in the production stream. Dissolution of these gases in produced waters results in evolution of corrosive species, such as CO2(aq), H2S(aq), H2CO3(aq), H+(aq), HCO-3(aq), and HS-(aq) that cause severe corrosion problems for carbon steel; primary material used in the construction of oil and gas pipelines. Combination of aqueous salts with dissolved CO2(aq) and H2S(aq) and their related species, has always been a great concern for pipeline operators in terms of corrosion problems. A large body of research exists on CO2 and H2S corrosion of oil and gas facilities, mostly at low salt concentrations; up to 3 wt.%. However, only a limited number of studies has investigated CO2 corrosion at high salt concentrations and to the best of this author’s knowledge, this number is zero for H2S corrosion. In the present study, the effect of salt (NaCl) concentration on aqueous uniform strong acid, CO2, and H2S corrosion of carbon steel is investigated. The key parameters in the corrosion process that are influenced by salt concentration are identified: transport phenomena (solution density, solution viscosity and diffusion coefficients of dissolved species), solution chemistry, and electrochemistry of the underlying reactions. Models have been reproduced and developed to account for the effect of salinity (up to ~ 5 m NaCl) on transport phenomena and solution chemistry. The Smolyakov and the square root (Kohlrausch law) equations were chosen for correcting the diffusion coefficients for the effect of temperature, and salt concentration, respectively, using new coefficients obtained in this study. The mixed solvent electrolyte (MSE) model, which is the only comprehensive solution chemistry model available in the literature for the H2O-NaCl-CO2-H2S systems is reproduced. The MSE model is used to calculate the equilibrium activity and activity coefficients of dissolved species important in aqueous strong acids, CO2, and H2S corrosion of carbon steel. pH measurements at 1 bar total pressure and temperatures below 80oC showed that the autogenous pH of aqueous CO2- and H2S-saturated solutions decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. The reason for the decrease in the solution pH was attributed to the increase in the activity coefficient of the H+ ion. The effect of salt concentration on electrochemistry and rate of strong acid, CO2, and H2S corrosion was studied by performing eight sets of experiments in aqueous N2-, CO2-, and H2S-satuared solutions at temperatures below 80oC, 1 bar total pressure, solution pH values between 3 to 5, and different NaCl concentrations, ranging from 0.1 wt.% (0.017 m) to 20 wt.% (4.27 m). The weight loss and linear polarization resistance corrosion rate measurements showed that the corrosion rate for all three types of corrosion generally decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. The analysis of potentiodynamic polarization sweeps indicated that increasing NaCl concentration decreased the rate of the cathodic H+ ion reduction reaction continually, while the rate of the cathodic water reduction reaction was mostly increased. The rate of anodic dissolution of iron in the active region increased at lower NaCl concentrations and then switched trend and decreased at higher NaCl concentrations. In strong acid corrosion, salt concentration seemed to have no effect on the mechanism of active dissolution of iron.
Download or read book A Working Party Report on Sea Water Corrosion of Stainless Steels Mechanisms and Experiences written by European Federation of Corrosion and published by Woodhead Publishing Limited. This book was released on 1996 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains papers presented at a workshop in 1995 organised by SINTEF Corrosion and Surface Technology (Trondheim) in co-operation with the EFC Working Parties on Marine Corrosion and Microbial Corrosion. Particular attention was given to biofilms, their causes, effects and prevention, as well as to the behaviour in seawater of high alloyed austenitic stainless steels including 6Mo, and super duplex stainless steels.
Download or read book Influence of Aliphatic Amines on the Corrosion Electrochemical Behaviour of Carbon Steel in Hydrogen Sulphide containing Media written by Yu. A. Chirkov and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanism and Prediction of Mild Steel Corrosion in Aqueous Solutions Containing Carboxylic Acids Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide written by Aria Kahyarian and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pipeline corrosion in upstream oil and gas production and transmission facilities is a major design and maintenance concern. Corrosion in such environments is, to the most part, the results of the presence of an aqueous phase containing weak acids such as carboxylic acids, carbonic acid, and hydrogen sulfide. The proper understanding of encountered corrosion processes and reliable predicted corrosion rates are essential for major design decisions relating to material selection, pipe wall thickness allowance and adoption of appropriate maintenance procedures, such as use of corrosion inhibitors and frequency of in-line inspections.
Download or read book Salt Water and Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion Fatigue of Work Hardened Threaded Elements written by DG. Bellow and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work describes the results of a laboratory testing program undertaken to evaluate the merits of work-hardened, threaded machine elements when subjected to axial fatigue in the presence of a corrosive environment. The experimental apparatus is described, including details of the corrosive mediums. The most damaging corrosive medium consisted of a salt water solution through which hydrogen sulfide gas was bubbled. Lower corrosion fatigue damage was noted for aerated salt water and the least occurred for a deaerated salt water solution. The corrosion fatigue results are compared with results obtained in air for simple cut threads and fully cold-worked or rolled threads formed on AISI 8635 steel. The results show that at a life of 105 cycles the fully cold-worked threaded element had an endurance stress of 74 ksi (510 MPa) compared with 44 ksi (303 MPa) for the simple cut threaded element. Under the combined action of corrosion fatigue in the presence of a hydrogen sulfide saline solution these values were reduced to 46 ksi (317 MPa) and less than 20 ksi (138 MPa), respectively, which indicated that the fully cold-worked, threaded element was superior to all thread forms evaluated under a variety of environmental conditions.
Download or read book Applied Science Technology Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion of Mild Carbon Steel Under Flowing Ambient Conditions written by David Neil Veysey and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanism and Modeling of Galvanic Corrosion Between Mild Steel and Iron Aulfides in Acidic Solutions written by Payman Sharifi Abdar and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sour hydrocarbon reservoirs, containing H2S gas, are receiving increasing attention due to the growing demand for energy. Although uniform corrosion is not a significant obstacle for oil and gas companies in sour environments, the major challenge in this field is prevention of localized corrosion that can cause failures in production infrastructure. Formation of different types of iron sulfides as corrosion products has been postulated to be a main culprit for localized attack, due to their wide-ranging physicochemical properties, such as their electrical conductivities. The galvanic coupling between iron sulfides layers and mild steel was shown to be the mechanism associated with the localized attacks in sour environments. However, the mechanism of galvanic coupling between mild steel and iron sulfides has not been understood due to the lack of systematic and parametric studies. The research described herein addresses the galvanic coupling between mild steel and iron sulfide polymorphs to investigate the involved mechanisms. For the first step, the uniform corrosion of mild steel in aqueous H2S solutions was critically reviewed, and the mechanism associated with this system including the involved chemical electrochemical reactions was fully described. Furthermore, the mathematical modeling of uniform corrosion rate of mild steel in H2S environments was also comprehensively reviewed. In addition, some new approaches for the modeling of electrochemical reactions as well as corrosion rate were proposed, and the validity of the proposed models were verified through comparing with experimental data. Next step of the current research focused on the galvanic corrosion between mild steel and iron sulfides using both experimental and modeling investigations. In the experimental section, a systematic study was performed in order to determine the contribution of the influential parameters on the galvanic corrosion between mild steel and iron sulfides. On that account, the effect of several important parameters including iron sulfide type, cathode to anode surface area ratio, and solution’s conductivity was examined. Although the conductivity of solution did not show significant impact on the galvanic corrosion rate in the studied experimental conditions, the type of iron sulfide as well as the cathode to anode surface area ratio notably affected the galvanic coupling process. Specifically, the two types of iron sulfides used here, pyrite and pyrrhotite, were shown to produce different galvanic corrosion due to their different electrochemical behaviors. To further elucidate the mechanism of the impact of iron sulfide type, the cathodic behavior of pyrite and pyrrhotite was systematically studied using rotating disk electrode system. The results revealed that pyrrhotite has significantly higher cathodic current than pyrite. This difference originates from different cathodic reactions occurring at the surface of these iron sulfides. Therefore, the associated cathodic reactions were also proposed in this study. The modeling section started with the proposed model for the cathodic current density of mild steel, pyrite, and pyrrhotite. The mathematical model was based on the proposed cathodic reactions as well as the constants found from experimental investigation. The proposed model was then verified by comparing it to the experimental data obtained in this study. In the final part of the current study, a mathematical model based on the polarization measurements was proposed for the prediction of galvanic corrosion rate between mild steel and iron sulfides. The model was compared with the experimental results at various experimental conditions, and very good agreement was found between experimental and modeling results. To summarize, the current research was ale to reveal some mechanistic aspects of the galvanic coupling between mild steel and iron sulfides. The impact of the influential parameters and the electrochemical characteristic of iron sulfides were revealed. Also, the current research, for the first time, developed a mathematical model for the prediction of cathodic current on iron sulfides and the galvanic corrosion rate between mild steel and iron sulfides.
Download or read book Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion of Mild Carbon Steel Under Flowing Ambient Conditions written by David Neil Veysey and published by 1978.. This book was released on 1978 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
