Download or read book Copper Tolerance of Some Wood rotting Fungi written by George Y. Young and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Copper Tolerance of Some Wood rotting Fungi written by George Yankush Young and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The generally high tolerance of acid-forming brown-rot fungi and the low tolerance of whiterot fungi to copper sulfate was confirmed for 16 species, including Poria cocos Wolf., a fungus associated with the failure of copper-napthenate treated fence posts in Florida, and four other brown-rot species not previously reported as copper tolerant. The tolerance of the brown-rot species was strikingly increased by lowering the pH of the substratum from pH 6 to pH 2 with sulfuric acid. Several mechanisms for fungus tolerance to copper have been suggested; all require a decrease in the pH of the medium. (Author).
Download or read book Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Wood Decay and Copper Tolerance in the Brown Rot Fungus Fibroporia Radiculosa written by Juliet Dao-May Tang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brown rot fungi are notoriously copper-tolerant, which makes them difficult to control with copper-based wood preservatives. Brown rot fungi are also unique because they have evolved a bilateral strategy for decay. Their initial attack involves the production of hydroxyl free radicals to increase wood porosity, followed by an enzymatic onslaught of glycoside hydrolases that free the sugars locked within cellulose and hemicellulose. Our molecular understanding of these biological processes, however, has been hampered by our limited knowledge of the underlying genetic mechanisms. To address this knowledge gap, high-throughput, short-read sequencing was used to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the genomics and transcriptomics of wood decay and copper tolerance in the brown rot fungus Fibroporia radiculosa. The results were impressively informative. In the genomic study, the sequences of 9262 genes were predicted and gene function was assigned to 5407 of the genes. An examination of target motifs showed that 1213 of the genes encoded products with extracellular functions. By mining these genomic annotations, 187 genes were identified with putative roles in lignocelluloses degradation and copper tolerance. The transcriptomic study quantified gene expression of the fungus growing on wood treated with a copper-based preservative. At day 31, the fungus was adapting to the preservative, and the wood showed no strength loss. At day 154, the preservative effects were gone, and the fungus was actively degrading the wood, which exhibited 52% strength loss. A total of 917 differentially expressed genes were identified, 108 of which appeared to be regulating wood decay and preservative tolerance. Genes that showed increased expression at day 31 were involved in oxalate metabolism, hydroxyl free radical production by the enzyme laccase, energy production, xenobiotic detoxification, copper resistance, stress response, and pectin degradation. Genes that exhibited higher expression at day 154 were involved in wood polysaccharide degradation, hexose transport, oxalate catabolism, catabolism of laccase substrates, proton reduction, re-modeling the glucan sheath, and shoring up the plasma membrane for acid shock. These newly discovered genes represent a significant step towards accelerating a genome-wide understanding of brown rot decay and tolerance to wood preservatives.
Download or read book U S Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Bulletin written by Arthur Frederic Verrall and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by Defense Documentation Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1961-10 with total page 1540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Copper Homeostasis Genes in Fibroporia Radiculosa and how They Relate to Copper tolerance written by Katie Marie Ohno and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brown-rot basidiomycete decay fungi are the greatest threat to wood products in service, because they can lessen the efficacy of copper-containing wood preservative formulations. It is critical to investigate the mechanism of copper-tolerance to prevent copper-treated wood deterioration by these organisms. The goal of this research was to contribute to the understanding of this mechanism in Fibroporia radiculosa. Copper removal during decay of copper-treated southern pine (Pinus spp.) by two isolates of F. radiculosa and copper-sensitive Gloeophyllum trabeum was quantified. Expression of a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase (p450) and a superoxide dismutase (SOD), thought to be involved in inducing intracellular responses to unfavorable environments, were evaluated during fungal decay of non-treated and copper-treated southern pine. Additionally, expression of a copper homeostasis CutC protein (CutC) and three copper-transporting ATPase pumps (ATPase1, ATPase2, and ATPase3), thought to be involved in overcoming toxic copper environments were evaluated. Both F. radiculosa isolates were able to decay copper-treated wood, and one isolate caused more weight loss on copper treated wood than on non-treated wood. This isolate also removed substantial amounts of copper from the test specimens. Expression of the p450 and the SOD enzymes was down-regulated or not detected initially, but SOD expression was strongly upregulated on copper-treated wood for one F. radiculosa isolate at 4 weeks. CutC expression was not detected for G. trabeum and one F. radiculosa isolate, but was down-regulated more strongly on copper-treated wood than untreated wood for the other F. radiculosa isolate. G. trabeum strongly upregulated ATPase1 on copper-treated wood but the two copper-tolerant fungi did not. G. trabeum and one F. radiculosa isolate initially upregulated ATPase2 on copper-treated wood but subsequently expression was either not detected or was similar to untreated wood. The other F. radiculosa isolate consistently down-regulated ATPase2. ATPase3 expression by G. trabeum was not detected, but was upregulated by both F. radiculosa isolates. It can be suggested that the two F. radiculosa isolates utilized different mechanisms from each other, and from G. trabeum, when decaying copper-treated wood. Future research is needed to clarify how copper-tolerant brown-rot fungi manage toxic copper environments.
Download or read book Fungi Associated with Principal Decays in Wood Products in the United States written by Catherine G. Duncan and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Chemistry of Wood Preservation written by R Thompson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effective and lasting treatment of wood against insect and fungal attack grows in importance as forestry reserves decline and as cost increases feed through to the building trade and other timber users. At the same time, environmental pressures bear ever more heavily on the types of chemicals and processes employed in the preservation industry. This book records the proceedings of an international meeting arranged to address such issues. The 15 principal chapters are based upon papers by invited experts to a combined audience of preservation practitioners and non-specialists. The chapter sequence follows the logical pattern of the conference, beginning with a review of the biological threats to be contended. There follow historical and state-of-the-art accounts of aqueous, organic solvent and non-liquid treatment processes. Preservatives increasingly must meet international product and environmental standards, which along with the related test, analytical and quality control procedures, are described and referenced. Contributors from the wood preservation industry address a range of needs associated with cost, safety and performance efficacy, not neglecting a search for a better understanding of the finer chemical mechanisms involved. Remaining problems are outlined in strategies for further research and development. Address a range of needs associated with cost, safety and performance efficacy Problems are outlined in strategies for further research and development
Download or read book Using Genomics Metagenomics and Other Omics to Assess Valuable Microbial Ecosystem Services and Novel Biotechnological Applications written by Diana Elizabeth Marco and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-05-15 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most ecosystem services and goods human populations use and consume are provided by microbial populations and communities. Indeed, numerous provisioning services (e.g. food and enzymes for industrial processes), regulating services (e.g. water quality, contamination alleviation and biological processes such as plant-microbial symbioses), and supporting services (e.g. nutrient cycling, agricultural production and biodiversity) are mediated by microbes. The fast development of metagenomics and other meta-omics technologies is expanding our understanding of microbial diversity, ecology, evolution and functioning. This enhanced knowledge directly translates into the emergence of new applications in an unlimited variety of areas across all microbial ecosystem services and goods. The varied topics addressed in this Research Topic include the development of innovative industrial processes, the discovery of novel natural products, the advancement of new agricultural methods, the amelioration of negative effects of productive or natural microbiological processes, as well as food security and human health, and archeological conservation. The articles compiled provide an updated, high-quality overview of current work in the field. This body of research makes a valuable contribution to the understanding of microbial ecosystem services, and expands the horizon for finding and developing new and more efficient biotechnological applications.
Download or read book Bibliography of Scientific and Industrial Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1961-10 with total page 1640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wood Plastic Composites written by Anatole A. Klyosov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-10-12 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, practical guide to wood-plastic composites and their properties This is the first book that presents an overview of the main principles underlying the composition of wood-plastic composite (WPC) materials and their performance in the real world. Focusing on the characteristics of WPC materials rather than their manufacture, this guide bridges the gap between laboratory-based research and testing and the properties WPC materials exhibit when they're used in decks, railing systems, fences, and other common applications. Complete with practical examples and case studies, this guide: Describes compositions of WPC materials, including thermoplastics, cellulose fiber, minerals, additives, and their properties Covers mechanical properties, microbial resistance, water absorption, flammability, slip resistance, thermal expansion-contraction, sensitivity to oxidation and solar radiation, and rheological properties of hot melts of WPC Covers subjects that determine esthetics, properties, performance, and durability of wood-plastic composite products Includes comparisons of different ASTM methods and procedures that apply to specific properties This is a comprehensive, hands-on reference for scientists, engineers, and researchers working with wood-plastic composites in plastics and polymers, materials science, microbiology, rheology, plastic technology, and chemical engineering, as well as an outstanding text for graduate students in these disciplines. It's also an excellent resource for suppliers and WPC manufacturers, and an accessible guide for developers, homebuilders, and landscape architects who want to know more about wood-plastic composites and their performance in the real world.
Download or read book Advances in Ecological Research written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1971-10-18 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Ecological Research
Download or read book Organismen und Holz written by Günther Becker and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Vijai Kumar Gupta and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-07-12 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: Recent Developments in Trichoderma Research covers topics on-Trichoderma biodiversity, strain improvement and related researches in bioprocess technology, chemical engineering, bioremediation process, secondary metabolite production, Protein production, plant disease resistance and biocontrol technology. This book includes unique compilations of different chapters with emerging issues in the area of Trichoderma research and its related importance in the Biochemical-Industry-Agri-Food sector. Includes recent developments on Trichoderma research in plant biotechnology, agriculture and in the environment Provides a detailed and comprehensive coverage of the biodiversity and biochemistry of Trichoderma Covers potential applications of Trichoderma in biotechnology, including secondary metabolites and protein engineering
Download or read book Wood and Tree Fungi written by Olaf Schmidt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-19 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date overview of the various wood and tree fungi that damage trees, lumber, and timber. Special focus is given to identification, prevention, and remediation techniques, and the book bridges the gap between research and application. It covers the fundamentals of cytology and morphology. There is a more practical section describing damage by viruses and bacteria on trees. The habitats of wood fungi are described as well as tree care. Important tree pathogens and wood decay fungi are characterized for prevention and identification. The final section focuses on the positive effects of wood-inhabiting microorganisms.
