Download or read book Coping with the Disappointing Rates of Return of Development Projects with Environmental Impacts written by William Ascher and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental political economy of early commitment to grandiose projects of uncertain environmental consequence has not been overturned. Projects with environmental impacts often have unacceptably low rates of return; governments and international agencies frequently fail to reject projects of this type. More realistic evaluations will help. It is important to hold those responsible for appraising a project accountable for their appraisals.
Download or read book Techniques for Improving Client Relations in Family Planning Programs written by George B. Simmons and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four techniques for improving client relations that should be part of systemic change - not applied like bandaids - to make family planning services more effective.
Download or read book Income Security for Old Age written by Estelle James and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A system for old-age security should probably combine different approaches: mandated savings and annuities; a redistribution of income to old people who did not earn enough when they were young to build an adequate cushion of savings; fiscal incentives for nonmandatory savings and annuities (including tax incentives for job-based pension plans); and an informal system of purely voluntary personal savings and family arrangements.
Download or read book Protection and Industrial Structure in India written by M. Ataman Aksoy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book How Changes in the Former CMEA Area May Affect International Trade in Manufactures written by Refik Erzan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Western Europe will be the major trading partner of the Eastern European and former Soviet economies, but their trade with Japan, North America, and developing countries will also expand. Eastern Europe's greater access to Western markets may conflict with the export interests of other developing countries.
Download or read book How Minilateral Trading Arrangements May Affect the Post uruguay Round World written by Carlos Alberto Primo Braga and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fears about how the further spread of free trade areas will affect world trade volumes may be exaggerated - while the dangers of these blocs becoming hostile to each other may have been underestimated. "Managed" trade is far more likely outcome.
Download or read book The Administration of Road User Taxation in Developing Countries written by Roy W. Bahl and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The causes of tax avoidance, of tax evasion, and of the failure to reach full revenue potential from road user taxes lie within tax structures and administrations - and those are the areas that need reform.
Download or read book Carbon Taxes the Greenhouse Effect and Developing Countries written by Anwar Shah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A universal case cannot be made for national carbon taxes. Nevertheless, such taxes make eminent sense for many developing countries - on the grounds of equity, efficiency, ease of tax administration, and an improved local environment, even ignoring the potential benefits from controlling global carbon emissions.
Download or read book Agricultural Pricing and Environmental Degradation written by Edward Barbier and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in pricing policies are not enough to encourage poor farmers to reduce resource degradation. Other approaches are also needed, such as providing better research and extension advice, improving property rights and management, and establishing more secure tenure or access rights. Just because we do not always understand the economic and social factors determining incentive effects does not mean they do not exist.
Download or read book World Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Global Carbon Emmissions written by Bjorn Larsen and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toxic Releases by Manufacturing written by Robert E. B. Lucas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Would free trade result in greater and more rapid environmental degradation for developing countries? Less protection of their domestic industrial chemical industries would reduce the pollution-intensity of their manufacturing sector - but merely relocating firms that emit globally damaging toxins clearly misses the point.
Download or read book Biomass written by David Oakley Hall and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Do Markets Underprice Natural resource Commodities written by Margaret E. Slade and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not systematically, except for the environmental externalities associated with the production and use of natural- resource commodities - especially mineral commodities, which cause the most pollution.
Download or read book Growth and Welfare Losses from Carbon Emissions Restrictions written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve a specified reduction in the accumulation of greenhouses gases in the atmosphere, it is far better to allow for flexibility in the timing of adjustment policies than to impose a particular deadline. This lesson applies to all countries: rigidly imposed limits on emissions controls entail unnecessary economic costs.
Download or read book Economic Development and the Environment written by Wilfred Beckerman and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the whole, there is a strong positive relationship between income level and environmental quality, and developing countries may be expected to improve environmental quality as their income rises. But new factors may change the usual pattern: new pollutants, cross-border environmental effects "trade" in polluting activities, and the growth of automobile traffic. Consequently, developing countries are likely to replicate precisely the environmental histories of developed countries.
Download or read book Economic Development Environmental Regulation and the International Migration of Toxic Industrial Pollution written by Robert E. B. Lucas and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trade and the Environment written by Judith Myrle Dean and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At best, trade barriers are a second- best means of reducing environmental damage. Any case for more gradual liberalization of trade should be based on estimates of the costs of maintaining barriers versus the benefits of delayed environmental damage.
