Download or read book Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia written by Yorbol Yakhshilikov and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding people's knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceptions (KAPP) about and toward risk is an important step in determining which cost-effective measure to adopt. It also is important in assessing poor people's willingness to adopt cost-effective prevention and control measures for reducing the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Although studies in several countries indicate some level of awareness about HPAI, practices and attitudes for preventing and controlling HPAI disease spread and outbreaks have not changed (Fielding et al. 2005, Maton et al. 2007, DiGiuseppe et al. 2008, Leslie et al. 2008).
Download or read book Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia written by Marcelle Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential impact of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in Ethiopia is assessed, specifically on the country's poultry and associated sectors. Ethiopia has not yet experienced an HPAI outbreak but has experienced a scare. An HPAI outbreak would cause a supply and demand shock to the poultry sector. Whereas supply shocks would be related directly to the disease and be local, demand shocks would be more dispersed across regions. Results of a dynamic spatially disaggregated multimarket model indicate that, given the poultry sector's small contribution to the Ethiopian economy, the likely overall effect of an HPAI outbreak on the economy would be small. Importantly, for the same reason that aggregate impacts are likely to be small, the livelihood impact could be large, because poor households participate significantly in poultry production.
Download or read book Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia written by James Thurlow and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While some African countries have not yet experienced outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), they remain vulnerable, both in terms of susceptibility and potential economic losses. Kenya is one of these vulnerable countries. Its position along migratory bird routes and proximity to other high risk countries make Kenya particularly susceptible to a potential HPAI outbreak. The threat of avian flu has caused many households in Kenya to limit their consumption of poultry products and the Kenyan government has also banned poultry imports (Nyaga, 2007; Omiti and Okuthe, 2009). Thus, even without a confirmed outbreak, avian flu may undermine the poultry sector with adverse impacts on agricultural livelihoods.
Download or read book Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia written by Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ghana experienced three confirmed highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in 2007. The virus was detected on commercial farms of different sizes in three regions: in the Tema area (Greater Accra region) at the end of April, in the Sunyani area (Brong Ahafo region) in May, and in the Ketu district (Volta region) in June. These outbreaks were successfully controlled by the Veterinary Services Directorate (VSD), and no outbreaks have been recorded in the country since. However, the VSD is in a state of high alert because the virus is still circulating in West Africa (Aning et al. 2008).
Download or read book Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia written by Gezahegn Ayele and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethiopia supports one of the largest livestock populations in all of Africa (Alemu et al. 2008). In fact, the livestock sector accounts for 19 percent of national GDP, and as much as 40 percent of agricultural GDP (FAO 2004). At a micro level, it has been estimated that livestock supports the livelihoods of about 80 percent of the rural population (FAO 2004). Almost all (94 percent) of the country's 34 million poultry population comprises indigenous birds, revealing that the poultry subsector is characterized by small-scale household-level poultry (Central Statistical Agency (CSA) 2005; Alemu et al. 2008).
Download or read book Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia written by Yorbol Yakhshilikov and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the absence of market data on the price of poultry before and after the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), one method of capturing the costs of HPAI on farmers' income is the use of non-market valuation techniques, such as the contingent valuation (CV) method (Whitehead 2006). This brief presents the results of a CV study that aimed at capturing farmers' willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for birds with three different health statuses due to an HPAI outbreak--1) healthy, 2) risky, or 3) sick. The differences among farmers' willingness to accept compensation for these three types of birds could indicate the extent of the economic costs that may be borne by farmers in the case of an HPAI outbreak. Moreover, the WTA compensation levels could be used to inform the design of efficient, effective, and equitable compensation schemes. This study also investigated that the impact of farmers' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (KAP) of HPAI as well as their poultry-production and household-level characteristics on their WTA compensation (i.e., the HPAI costs that they would bear).
Download or read book Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia written by Xinshen Diao and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its emergence in Africa in 2006, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus of the H5N1 subtype has spread rapidly to poultry farms in several countries, including Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ghana, Niger, and Nigeria (FAO 2006; OIE 2006). In February 2006, Kaduna state in Nigeria was the first of 36 states to report the infection of poultry by H5N1 (Monne et al. 2008). By April 2006, more than 325,000 chickens in Nigeria alone were identified as having H5N1 virus; of these, 223,000 died of H5N1 infection and the rest were slaughtered as a control measure (You and Diao 2007). Since 2006, the infection has spread to 22 states in Nigeria (Monne et al. 2008), and there was recently one confirmed case in humans in the southern state of Lagos in February 2007 (Monne et al. 2008). Though the last outbreak occurred in October 2007, the spread of HPAI poses a challenge to the poultry industry in Nigeria (You and Diao 2007).
Download or read book Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia written by James Akinwumi and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) can cause reverberations throughout the poultry marketing chain. In Nigeria, peak HPAI outbreaks in February 2006 and February 2007 affected 3,057 farms and farmers; 1.3 million of the country's 140 million birds were destroyed, and the Nigerian government paid US$5.4 million in compensation (FDL 2008). Still, policymakers may overlook some HPAI impacts, focusing upstream of the producer, whereas cumulative downstream (traders, slaughterhouses, retailers, casual employment, and support services) impacts often dwarf those at the farm level. More significantly, the failure to capture these diverse impacts may have important implications for disease evolution and control that may accentuate its impact.
Download or read book Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia written by Benjamin Okpukpara and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small-scale poultry production is an integral part of livelihoods in Nigeria, contributing to households' income, food and nutrition security, and gender equality (Kushi et al. 1998; Houndonougbo 2005; Obi et al. 2008). Almost 60 percent of Nigeria's 150 million poultry population is managed by household level poultry producers, in semi-commercial and non-commercial, small-scale, backyard, or village extensive production systems (Obi et al. 2008). The small-scale poultry production system is often defined as keeping up to 500 birds, managed mainly by family labor, and having minimal inputs and minimal to no biosecurity (Obi et al. 2008).
Download or read book Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia written by Christoph Schmitz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Like in most African countries, the livestock sector is an important part of the economy in Ghana. At an aggregate level it contributes to about 7 percent of Ghana's GDP and more than 40 percent to the agricultural GDP (Aning et al. 2008). Within the livestock sector, poultry comprising chicken, ducks, guinea fowls, turkeys, and ostrich constitutes an integral part of the rural farming system. Though Ghana has some commercial and semi commercial large farms, most poultry production - an estimated 60 to 80 percent - takes place at a smaller scale, where chickens are free range with minimal use of purchased inputs. Ghana also imports poultry. Poultry meat imports, particularly chicken, have increased more than four times between 2000 and 2005, and they account for around 75 percent of total consumption (Aning et al. 2008).
Download or read book Controlling Avian Flu and Protecting People s Livelihoods in Africa and Indonesia written by Lydia Ndirangu and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As in other African countries, poultry production in Kenya is an important livelihoods activity. Eighty percent of the national poultry population is managed in small-scale, non- or semi-commercial, village, or backyard poultry systems (MOLFD 2007). These systems are characterized as low-input and low-output, mainly involving rural or peri-urban households that generally keep indigenous breeds. The few studies on the role of poultry in Kenyan livelihoods suggest that poultry plays an important role in the livelihoods of small-scale poultry producers, contributing to their incomes, wealth, insurance against shocks, diet quality, culture, religion, and tradition (Njenga 2005; Kimani et al. 2006).
Download or read book The H5N1 Virus written by Philip R. Egert and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2019-11-18 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first study of its kind that reveals the social justice linkages between three unique characteristics of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus: namely, veterinary scourge, public health contagion fear, and potential bioterrorist weapon. With its extensive referencing, it will be invaluable for scholars of security studies, global public health, and international relations, as well as for professionals, diplomats, and practitioners with an interest in the relationship between global health security and social justice. Comprised of two major sections, the book examines the various representations of knowledge about the H5N1 virus. The first part explores the three major narratives that were used to describe the virus during its 20-year journey from 1996 to 2016. During this time, the virus multiplied its ontological status through narratives that described a localized animal virus, a global public health crisis, and finally an irrational contagion fear. The text’s second section describes in detail a unique aspect of the H5N1 virus’s journey as an emerging infectious disease—its representation as a potential weapon for bioterrorists. As a result, the US government attempted to secure knowledge about the H5N1 virus. This attempt produced a global debate between scientists and policy makers over how to balance the nation-state’s desire for security with the life sciences’ tradition of openly shared research. Known as the dual-use dilemma, this debate set up binaries of impossible reconciliation between the scientific and security communities. This book argues that the H5N1 dual-use dilemma obscures larger questions of justice, and proposes a new concept of justice, knowledge justice, as an alternate, more globally inclusive framework for exploring a socially just way out of the dilemma.
Download or read book Avian Influenza Virus written by Erica Spackman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the growing global fear of a major pandemic, avian influenza (AI) virus research has greatly increased in importance. In Avian Influenza Virus, an expert team of researchers and diagnosticians examine the fundamental, yet essential, virological methods for AI virus research and diagnostics as well as some of the newest molecular procedures currently used for basic and applied research. They present exciting, cutting-edge new methods that focus both on studying the virus itself and on work with avian hosts, an area greatly lacking in research.
Download or read book Sustaining Global Surveillance and Response to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-01-24 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: H1N1 ("swine flu"), SARS, mad cow disease, and HIV/AIDS are a few examples of zoonotic diseases-diseases transmitted between humans and animals. Zoonotic diseases are a growing concern given multiple factors: their often novel and unpredictable nature, their ability to emerge anywhere and spread rapidly around the globe, and their major economic toll on several disparate industries. Infectious disease surveillance systems are used to detect this threat to human and animal health. By systematically collecting data on the occurrence of infectious diseases in humans and animals, investigators can track the spread of disease and provide an early warning to human and animal health officials, nationally and internationally, for follow-up and response. Unfortunately, and for many reasons, current disease surveillance has been ineffective or untimely in alerting officials to emerging zoonotic diseases. Sustaining Global Surveillance and Response to Emerging Zoonotic Diseases assesses some of the disease surveillance systems around the world, and recommends ways to improve early detection and response. The book presents solutions for improved coordination between human and animal health sectors, and among governments and international organizations. Parties seeking to improve the detection and response to zoonotic diseases-including U.S. government and international health policy makers, researchers, epidemiologists, human health clinicians, and veterinarians-can use this book to help curtail the threat zoonotic diseases pose to economies, societies, and health.
Download or read book Avian Influenza written by Remco S. Schrijver and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-05 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avian Influenza poses a looming threat for human and animal health. The old paradigm was that the disease in waterfowl, poultry, pigs and man was caused by separate viruses that stayed within their own niche. Deadly outbreaks have shattered this view. This timely reference examines such sensitive issues as regulation of low pathogenic and high pathogenic AI, surveillance of waterfowl, live bird markets, and outbreak control in densely populated areas.
Download or read book Emerging Viral Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past half century, deadly disease outbreaks caused by novel viruses of animal origin - Nipah virus in Malaysia, Hendra virus in Australia, Hantavirus in the United States, Ebola virus in Africa, along with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), several influenza subtypes, and the SARS (sudden acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) coronaviruses - have underscored the urgency of understanding factors influencing viral disease emergence and spread. Emerging Viral Diseases is the summary of a public workshop hosted in March 2014 to examine factors driving the appearance, establishment, and spread of emerging, re-emerging and novel viral diseases; the global health and economic impacts of recently emerging and novel viral diseases in humans; and the scientific and policy approaches to improving domestic and international capacity to detect and respond to global outbreaks of infectious disease. This report is a record of the presentations and discussion of the event.
Download or read book Infectious Disease Movement in a Borderless World written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-03-10 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern transportation allows people, animals, and plants-and the pathogens they carry-to travel more easily than ever before. The ease and speed of travel, tourism, and international trade connect once-remote areas with one another, eliminating many of the geographic and cultural barriers that once limited the spread of disease. Because of our global interconnectedness through transportation, tourism and trade, infectious diseases emerge more frequently; spread greater distances; pass more easily between humans and animals; and evolve into new and more virulent strains. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted the workshop "Globalization, Movement of Pathogens (and Their Hosts) and the Revised International Health Regulations" December 16-17, 2008 in order to explore issues related to infectious disease spread in a "borderless" world. Participants discussed the global emergence, establishment, and surveillance of infectious diseases; the complex relationship between travel, trade, tourism, and the spread of infectious diseases; national and international policies for mitigating disease movement locally and globally; and obstacles and opportunities for detecting and containing these potentially wide-reaching and devastating diseases. This document summarizes the workshop.
