Download or read book Control and Fate of Atmospheric Trace Metals written by Jozef M Pacyna and published by . This book was released on 1989-03-31 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Control and Fate of Atmospheric Trace Metals written by Jozef M. Pacyna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing production of industrial goods, heat, and energy, as well as traffic, has led to the release of considerable amounts of toxic trace metals to the atmosphere. The result is elevated concentrations of toxic metals in local populations and eco systems. Recently the problem of atmospheric long-range transport of trace metals has also been recognized. Significant amounts of these pollutants are disposed and deposited both on regional and global scales. In the atmosphere they may influence the chemical reactions. Of particular interest is their catalytic effect on the oxidation prosesses taking place in water droplets or on the surface of wet particles (e. g. the oxidation of sulphur dioxide to sulphate), however, the main environmental impact starts when the atmospheric trace metals are deposited on ground and vegetation and subsequently brought into the water circulation. During the later years significant progress has been made in the development of equipment to reduce and control the atmospheric emissions of toxic trace metals. This particularly applies to electrostatic precipitators and wet scrubbers for the collection of fine particles. The main objective of the workshop was to survey present knowledge concerning the sources, atmospheric fluxes, sinks and chemical impact of the atmospheric trace metals, and to review the developments of emission control equipment and the perspectives to reduce the potential risks from toxic metals. During the first two days of the meeting, 15 invited review papers were presented.

Download or read book The Deposition and Fate of Trace Metals in Our Environment Philadelphia Pennsylvania October 8 1991 written by Elon S. Verry and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trace Metals and Stationary Conventional Processes written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trace Metals in Combustion Systems written by David A. Tillman and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under current U.S. EPA guidelines, particularly the Clean Air Act Amendments, stack gasses and the solid products of combustion require specialized treatment for removal of trace metals. This book presents a data-intensive assessment of the fate of trace metals during combustion. The data are derived from actual operating combustion systems, and the text emphasizes case studies that document trace metal fate control. Issues covered include metal volatility, metal reactions, and trace metal management through the enhancement or inhibition of specific chemical reactions.

Download or read book Bioindicators Biomonitors written by Bernd A. Markert and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-06-30 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents

Download or read book Trace Metals in Aquatic Systems written by Robert P. Mason and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-20 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a detailed examination of the concentration, form and cycling of trace metals and metalloids through the aquatic biosphere, and has sections dealing with the atmosphere, the ocean, lakes and rivers. It discusses exchanges at the water interface (air/water and sediment/water) and the major drivers of the cycling, concentration and form of trace metals in aquatic systems. The initial chapters focus on the fundamental principles and modelling approaches needed to understand metal concentration, speciation and fate in the aquatic environment, while the later chapters focus on specific environments, with case studies and research highlights. Specific examples deal with metals that are of particular scientific interest, such as mercury, iron, arsenic and zinc, and the book deals with both pollutant and required (nutrient) metals and metalloids. The underlying chemical principles controlling toxicity and bioavailability of these elements to microorganisms and to the aquatic food chain are also discussed. Readership: Graduate students studying environmental chemistry and related topics, as well as scientists and managers interested in the cycling of trace substances in aqueous systems Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/mason/tracemetals.

Download or read book Trace Elements written by B. Markert and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-08-24 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses major areas of primary concern for the understanding of the complexity associated with ecological trace element research. These include sources and fates of trace elements; analytical techniques; and the distribution of trace elements in biota and soil and sediment reservoirs. Case studies, field work and laboratory studies intensively discussed in this volume are useful to enhance our knowledge about processes related to the biological response of trace metal stress under realistic environmental conditions.

Download or read book Fate of Metals in Presence of Minerals and Mineral organic Assemblages written by Neha Sharma (Environmental engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metals can enter aquatic systems from natural and anthropogenic processes associated with weathering, sediment re-suspension, industrial activities, and atmospheric deposition. Metals pose health and environmental risks at high concentrations due to their potential toxicity and bioaccumulation, but many trace metals also serve as essential micronutrients for biogeochemical processes in natural aquatic systems. Biogeochemical processes such as methanogenesis, denitrification, and mercury methylation require transition metals such as nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), and molybdenum (Mo) for completion. These biogeochemical processes can be substantial contributors of greenhouse gases, such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), into the atmosphere. The behavior, mobility, and bioavailability of metals in water systems are controlled by their interactions with mineral phases and mineral-organic assemblages. Understanding the reactivity of metals with minerals and organic moieties will not only help in developing effective removal techniques but will also aid in developing robust fate and transport models to predict metal mobility in environmental systems. The knowledge of how metals reactivity affects their bioavailability in environmental systems can be important in improving the accuracy of ecosystem models to estimate greenhouse gas emissions from natural landscapes. The dissertation pursued four main objectives to understand dominant reaction mechanisms controlling metals mobility in natural and engineered systems: (i) to optimize the reaction conditions for removing uranium from water systems by using synthesized biosurfactant-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, (ii) to elucidate the factors governing the fate of trace metals added in dissolved form to soils and sediments collected from three different natural aquatic systems, (iii) to determine the role of available Cu in a biogeochemical process in natural aquatic systems, and (iv) to understand the mobility behavior of trace metals from wetland soils and stream sediments upon fluctuating redox conditions.Based on tunable properties, engineered nanoparticles hold significant promise for water treatment technologies. Motivated by concerns regarding toxicity and non-biodegradability of some nanoparticles, we explored engineered magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles with a biocompatible coating. These were prepared with a coating of rhamnolipid, a biosurfactant primarily obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By optimizing synthesis and phase transfer conditions, particles were observed to be monodispersed and stable in water under environmentally relevant pH and ionic strength values. The rhamnolipid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) showed high sorption capacities for U(VI) removal under different pH and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations. Equilibrium sorption behavior was interpreted using surface complexation modeling (SCM). Two models (diffuse double layer and non-electrostatic) were evaluated for their ability to account for U(VI) binding to the carboxyl groups of the rhamnolipid coating as a function of the pH, total U(VI) loading, and dissolved inorganic carbon concentration. The diffuse double layer model provided the best simulation of the adsorption data and was sensitive to U(VI) loadings as it accounted for the change in the surface charge associated with U(VI) adsorption. Natural aquatic systems can act as a sink for trace metals through adsorption, precipitation, and complexation. We conducted batch experiments under anoxic conditions on soils and sediments collected from three different natural aquatic systems to understand their response to influxes of dissolved Cu, Ni and Zn. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that the speciation of the freshly added metals taken up by the solids differs substantially from the speciation of the metals originally present in unamended samples. Cu speciation was dominated by sulfides at low loadings (1 [mu]mol/g), whereas complexation to thiol groups and formation of metallic Cu governed speciation at high loadings (10 [mu]mol/g). For Ni and Zn, adsorption to mineral surfaces and organic matter governed their speciation in materials from most sites. Our findings imply that geochemical processes controlling trace metal speciation may vary considerably with metal loading in different natural systems. Laboratory studies of pure cultures have highlighted that the availability of Cu, required for the multicopper enzyme nitrous oxide reductase, can limit nitrous oxide (N2O) reduction during denitrification. However, in natural aquatic systems, the role of Cu in controlling denitrification had not been well understood. Our study indicated that natural systems with background Cu concentrations below or around geological levels (40 - 280 nmol g−1) may lack sufficient bioavailable Cu to carry out the conversion of N2O to nitrogen (N2). By providing Cu at dissolved concentrations of 10-300 nM, the conversion of N2O to N2 can be enhanced substantially. Our results indicated that including Cu bioavailability in ecosystem models could improve the accuracy of estimates of N2O emissions from natural landscapes. Wetland soils and hyporheic zones of stream beds undergo fluctuating redox conditions due to microbial activity, varying water saturation levels, and nutrient dynamics. With fluctuating redox conditions, trace metals can be mobilized or sequestered in response to changes in iron and sulfur speciation and the concentrations and lability of organic carbon. We conducted systematic studies to examine the effect of redox fluctuations on samples collected from a riparian wetland and a stream. Water-saturated soils and sediments were incubated under three cycles of anoxic-oxic conditions (xanoxic:xoxic = 3) spanning 24 days to observe the change in dissolved and bioavailable metal concentrations. We observed that the trace metal dynamics in microcosms with materials from natural environments under events of redox fluctuations is strongly coupled to solid-phase speciation of the trace metals and the redox status of the recent past. This study illustrated that different trace metals display distinct bioavailability patterns during redox fluctuations in soils and sediments. The information gained from the research projects improved our understanding of metal interactions with engineered nanoparticles and soils and sediments from natural aquatic subsurface systems. We believe that with effective optimization methods, biodegradable engineered materials can be successfully implemented in water treatment systems for the removal of potent contaminants using environmentally benign materials. The insights from the studies broadened our knowledge of the factors controlling trace metal speciation and bioavailability in natural systems. High association of trace metals to iron oxides, sulfide minerals, and dissolved organic matter decreased the bioavailability of trace metals in wetland soils and hyporheic zones of streams for biogeochemical processes.

Download or read book Trace Elements written by Lee B. Clarke and published by London : IEA Coal Research. This book was released on 1992 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trace Element Contamination of the Environment written by David Purves and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental Aspects of Pollution Control and Environmental Science 1: Trace-Element Contamination of the Environment investigates the global biological consequences of dispersal of trace elements that are mined from localized limited deposits in the environment. It considers the problem of trace-element contamination of the biosphere as an environmental pollution and as part of the ecological crisis as a whole. Comprised of eight chapters, this volume begins with an overview of trace-element contaminants, such as lead, cadmium, and mercury. It then discusses factors affecting the trace-element composition of soils, including sulfur, lime, and fertilizers. It explains as well the trace-element contamination of the atmosphere and hydrosphere, the sources of trace-element contamination of soils, and the availability of trace elements in the soil. The consequences of trace-element contamination of the soil, including its effects on crops and animals, are also discussed. The book also provides ways to prevent dispersal of metals in the environment. This book will be an essential reading for undergraduates, law students, and those who are interested about environmental pollution caused by trace elements.

Download or read book Trace Metals in Urban Aerosols written by New York University and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trace Metal Standard Solutions in Support of the Integrated Atmospheric Deposition Network IADN Report written by Cussion, Sylvia and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Opportunities for Environmental Applications of Marine Biotechnology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-30 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2-day workshop is the culmination of a study of the status and future of marine biotechnology. The overall goal of this workshop is to examine what was initially called "Opportunities for Marine Biotechnology in the United States," to consider where we are now in this field of "Environmental Marine Biotechnology," to envision the field in the future, and to discuss any impediments that might be encountered along the way. Opportunities for Environmental Applications of Marine Biotechnology: Proceedings of the October 5-6, 1999, Workshop addresses the question of where the federal government should invest its limited funds and what future initiatives should be planned.

Download or read book A Review of the Global Emissions Transport and Effects of Heavy Metals in the Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this report is to describe the current state of knowledge regarding the sources and quantities of heavy metal emissions, their transport and fate, their potential health and environmental effects, and strategies to control them. The approach is to review the literature on this topic and to consult with experts in the field. Ongoing research activities and research needs are discussed. Estimates of global anthropogenic and natural emissions indicate that anthropogenic emissions are responsible for most of the heavy metals released into the atmosphere and that industrial activities have had a significant impact on the global cycling of trace metals. The largest anthropogenic sources of trace metals are coal combustion and the nonferrous metal industry. Atmospheric deposition is an important pathway by which trace metals enter the environment. Atmospheric deposition varies according to the solubility of the element and the length of time it resides in the atmosphere. Evidence suggests that deposition is influenced by other chemicals in the atmosphere, such as ozone and sulfur dioxide. Trace metals also enter the environment through leaching. Existing emissions-control technologies such as electrostatic precipitators, baghouses, and scrubbers are designed to remove other particulates from the flue gas of coal-fired power plants and are only partially effective at removing heavy metals. Emerging technologies such as flue gas desulfurization, lignite coke, and fluidized bed combustion could further reduce emissions. 108 refs.

Download or read book Trace Metals and Infectious Diseases written by Jerome O. Nriagu and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-06-11 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts explore the influence of trace metals on the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Many parts of the world in which common infectious diseases are endemic also have the highest prevalence of trace metal deficiencies or rising rates of trace metal pollution. Infectious diseases can increase human susceptibility to adverse effects of metal exposure (at suboptimal or toxic levels), and metal excess or deficiency can increase the incidence or severity of infectious diseases. The co-clustering of major infectious diseases with trace metal deficiency or toxicity has created a complex web of interactions with serious but poorly understood health repercussions, yet has been largely overlooked in animal and human studies. This book focuses on the distribution, trafficking, fate, and effects of trace metals in biological systems. Its goal is to enhance our understanding of the relationships between homeostatic mechanisms of trace metals and the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Drawing on expertise from a range of fields, the book offers a comprehensive review of current knowledge on vertebrate metal-withholding mechanisms and the strategies employed by different microbes to avoid starvation (or poisoning). Chapters summarize current, state-of-the-art techniques for investigating pathogen-metal interactions and highlight open question to guide future research. The book makes clear that improving knowledge in this area will be instrumental to the development of novel therapeutic measures against infectious diseases. Contributors M. Leigh Ackland, Vahid Fa Andisi, Angele L. Arrieta, Michael A. Bachman, J. Sabine Becker, Robert E. Black, Julia Bornhorst, Sascha Brunke, Joseph A. Caruso, Jennifer S. Cavet, Anson C. K. Chan, Christopher H. Contag, Heran Darwin, George V. Dedoussis, Rodney R. Dietert, Victor J. DiRita, Carol A. Fierke, Tamara Garcia-Barrera, David P. Giedroc, Peter-Leon Hagedoorn, James A. Imlay, Marek J. Kobylarz, Joseph Lemire, Wenwen Liu, Slade A. Loutet, Wolfgang Maret, Andreas Matusch, Trevor F. Moraes, Michael E. P. Murphy, Maribel Navarro, Jerome O. Nriagu, Ana-Maria Oros-Peusquens, Elisabeth G. Pacyna, Jozef M. Pacyna, Robert D. Perry, John M. Pettifor, Stephanie Pfaffen, Dieter Rehder, Lothar Rink, Anthony B. Schryvers, Ellen K. Silbergeld, Eric P. Skaar, Miguel C. P. Soares, Kyrre Sundseth, Dennis J. Thiele, Richard B. Thompson, Meghan M. Verstraete, Gonzalo Visbal, Fudi Wang, Mian Wang, Thomas J. Webster, Jeffrey N. Weiser, Günter Weiss, Inga Wessels, Bin Ye, Judith T. Zelikoff, Lihong Zhang

Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.