Download or read book Context Effects in Memory Through the Lens of the Outshining Hypothesis written by Mashiwat Mahbub and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory performance is often better for events or items that are retrieved in a context similar to the context in which they were experienced. The presence or absence of such context effects can be explained by the outshining hypothesis (Smith & Vela, 2001), which states that, at retrieval, there are two types of cues that memory depends on, the context cue and the item cue. The stronger of these two cues suppresses, or "outshines" the weaker cue thus strengthening or eliminating context effects. Context effects are eliminated when memory performance is driven by the stronger item cue, which then 'outshines' the weaker context cue. In the present study, I examine the outshining hypothesis by manipulating the strengths of the context and item cues using concrete words (stronger item cue) and abstract words (weaker item cue) studied in two different kinds of context, videos (stronger context cue) and background color (weaker context cue). Contrary to the predictions of the outshining hypothesis, the context effect for abstract words was no greater than for concrete words. The study also failed to find greater context effects for video than background color context effects. These results can either provide evidence against the outshining hypothesis or raise questions about the relative strengths of the context and item cues used in the study.
Download or read book Effects of Context Encoding and Cuing written by Isabel Manzano and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The following experiments looked at how encoding information and available cues at test can influence context effects. More specifically, the present experiments investigated the overshadowing and outshining hypotheses. Experiment 1 established a new method for attaining robust reinstatement effects by using movie scenes. Experiment 2 found support for the outshining hypothesis. So, if verbal and contextual cues were encoded and verbal cues were present at test, then context reinstatement through the reinstatement of the movie scenes would have little effect on memory. However, in the absence of verbal cues at test, significant context effects were found showing that the verbal cues were able to outshine the context (i.e., the movie scenes). Experiment 3 extended the outshining hypothesis by showing that strengthening the association between the verbal cues and the target items led to greater outshining of the movie scenes by the verbal cues. Experiment 4 looked at the overshadowing hypothesis and showed that if the context (i.e., the movie scenes) was not encoded well, but the verbal cues were then the context was overshadowed by the verbal cues. Further, if the association between the verbal cue and target items was encoded, then the overshadowing effect was greater as compared to cases where the association between the two items was not encoded. Finally, Experiment 5 found that if context was well encoded but verbal cues were not well encoded then the verbal cues were overshadowed by the context. It was also found that encoding the association between the context and target led to a more robust overshadowing effect as compared to cases where the association was not encoded.
Download or read book The Effects of Input Processing and Test Demands on Environmental Context dependent Memory written by Eddie Vela and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Memory in Context written by Graham M. Davies and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1988-09-13 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together, for the first time, authoritative articles and reviews on how context influences different forms and aspects of memory. Environmental, internal, and semantic contexts are first examined from a laboratory perspective. Then the context approach is applied to real-life problems in amnesia, education, and crime investigation. The book closes with a synthesis of research in the field and indicates the directions of future research.
Download or read book Context Dependence in Episodic Memory written by Steve Smith and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Context Effects on Memory Retrieval Theory and Applications written by Leendert van Maanen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Context Effect Semantic Integration Hypothesis and Recall written by James W. Thigpen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Context Effects in Recognition Memory written by Donald McLeod Thomson and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Context Effects on Memory for Form written by Bertram A. John and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Context Effects in Recognition Memory for Pictures written by Elizabeth Ann Cole and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Context Effects on Memory Storage and Retrieval written by David L. Imhoff and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Memory for Prose a Failure to Find Context Effects written by Elizabeth A. Bohn and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Context Effects in Recognition Memory microform written by Donald McLeod Thomson and published by National Library of Canada. This book was released on 1970 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Context Effects on Item and Source Memory written by Pamela Dalton and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Context Effects in Recognition Memory written by Donald M. Thomson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Change based Context Effects in Episodic Memory written by Brian Michael Siefke and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Distinctiveness effects in episodic memory were examined using a novel experimental paradigm. The critical manipulation was context-based change defined by the color feature of words in to-be-remembered study lists. Three experiments brought together the balanced-features design from previous research on isolation effects, different learning conditions reflecting variations on prediction error, and a source monitoring metric. A unique set of data shows a distinctiveness effect in source memory based on context change, but the effect is limited to stable environments with a low frequency of feature change. Conversely, no distinctiveness effect arose in random or frequently changing environments. It is proposed that, during learning, information is modified and associated with context by combining context-updating and prediction-violation mechanisms of cognition. The information provided by this research shows that there is context-sensitive organization critical for memory encoding, and provides a further account for some of the memory variance in effects of distinctiveness.
Download or read book Remembering written by D. Stephen Lindsay and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 22 chapters in this volume, many of the world’s foremost memory scientists report on their cutting-edge research on the nature of human memory, with several chapters reporting new empirical studies that are being published for the first time. All the contributions are inspired by the work of Larry Jacoby on human memory, with his emphasis on episodic memory -- that is, the processes and mechanisms that enable us to remember our own past experiences. In addition, the volume reflects Jacoby's appreciation that memory enters into a wide range of psychological phenomena, including perceiving, attending, and performing. The stellar list of contributors and the breadth of coverage makes this volume essential reading for researchers and graduate students in cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience, as well as being a tribute and celebration of the inspirational, groundbreaking -- and ongoing -- work of Larry Jacoby.
