Download or read book Department of Energy and Climate Change Electricity market Reform Consultation on Proposals for Implementation Cm 8706 written by Great Britain: Department of Energy and Climate Change and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2013-10-10 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This consultation document seeks views on proposals for implementing the key mechanisms under electricity market reform (EMR) - the Contracts for Difference (CfDs), the Capacity Market, and associated institutional and delivery arrangements. A package of draft secondary legislation is included to help illustrate the proposals. EMR is the Government's response to the challenges facing the electricity sector: a fifth of 2011 capacity has to close over the next ten years; the need to transform the generation mix to respond to climate change and to meet legally-binding carbon and renewable targets; the expectation that electricity demand will continue to increase over the coming decades. An estimated £110 billion investment is required over the next 10 years. CfDs will provide long-term revenue stabilisation to low-carbon plant, allowing investment to come forward at a lower cost of capital. The Capacity Market will provide a regular retainer payment to reliable forms of capacity (both demand and supply side), in return for such capacity being available when electricity supply is being squeezed. The National Grid will be the delivery body for EMR. The key mechanisms will be supported by: carbon price floor, a tax underpinning the price of carbon emissions in the UK; emissions performance standard, a regulatory backstop to the amount of CO2 emissions from new fossil-fuel power stations; action to promote electricity demand reduction; Ofgem's measures to improve wholesale market liquidity. The Energy Bill currently progressing through Parliament will introduce the powers to implement EMR.

Download or read book Homicide Law Reform Gender and the Provocation Defence written by Kate Fitz-Gibbon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-23 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book critically examines the operation of the partial defence of provocation in a range of comparative international jurisdictions. Centrally concerned with conceptual questions of gender, justice and the role of denial in the criminal justice system, Fitz-Gibbon explores the divergent approaches taken to reforming the law of provocation.

Download or read book Albania Technical Assistance Report Medium Term Revenue Strategy Revenue Administration Reform Options written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Albania is formulating a Medium-Term Revenue Strategy (MTRS) with IMF support. The decision to commit to the development of an MTRS was taken against the background of revenue persistently falling short of budget projections, revenue continuing to lag behind regional peers in tax to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ratios and the Government’s assessment that an increase of revenue of 2.2 – 3.0 percent of GDP will be required to finance its additional spending needs over the next five years.

Download or read book Minuistry of Justice Court Fees Proposals for Reform Cm 8751 written by Great Britain: Ministry of Justice and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2013-12-03 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes to the fees charged for using civil courts will mean hard-working taxpayers will no longer be left footing so much of the bill for operating them. At present around £100m of running costs have to be found from general taxes each year. Under the new proposals put out for consultation, the fees for civil courts (not criminal courts) will be adjusted to address the shortfall. The proposals include: Scrapping the £75 application fee for domestic violence injunctions; Increasing the fees for cases involving claims for money (for example, a claim for compensation) on a sliding scale, with a maximum fee of £1,870 - and considering moving in future to a system where the fee is calculated as a percentage of the amount under dispute in the court case; Introducing a percentage-based system for commercial proceedings (disputes whether a contract has been fulfilled) as well as charging a daily rate for the time they spend in court; Introducing a standard fee of £270 for civil cases which are not about claims for money (applying for someone to be declared insolvent or to repossess property for example) - instead of the current mixture of fees. Fees would stay the same for cases involving sensitive family issues including child contact, divorce financial disputes and adoption applications - as well as a reduction in the fee for local authorities to apply to take a child into care. People who cannot afford court fees do not have to pay - they can apply for waivers using the means-tested remissions system

Download or read book Consultation on Reform Options written by Independent Commission on Banking (Great Britain) and published by Anchor Books. This book was released on 2011 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Draft Legislative Reform Lloyd s Order 2008 written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Regulatory Reform Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The draft Legislative Reform (Lloyd's) Order 2008 (ISBN 9780110834504) proposes a number of reforms in the governance of Lloyd's together with changes in certain restrictions on the operation of the Lloyd's insurance market. The Committee's assessment of the Order is based entirely on the merits of the proposed six governance reforms and two market-related reforms contained therein. These are specific to Lloyd's and have no direct connection with present conditions in financial markets. The Committee has considered the relevant tests in the Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act 2006 and carefully reviewed the consultation documents and submissions relating to the proposal. On balance, it believes that the proposed reforms will be beneficial and that the proposed replacement regulatory safeguards are adequate. The governance reforms are consistent with moves toward better governance and are balanced with appropriate safeguards. The Committee recommends that the draft Order be approved.

Download or read book Personal Property Security Law Reform in the UK written by and published by Routledge. This book was released on with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Implications for Access to Justice of the Government s Proposals to Reform Judicial Review HL 174 HC 868 written by Great Britain: Parliament: Joint Committee on Human Rights and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2014-04-30 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the report The Implications For Access To Justice Of The Government's Proposals To Reform Judicial Review HC (868), the number of judicial reviews has remained remarkably steady when the increase in the number of immigration judicial reviews (now handled by the Upper Tribunal) is disregarded. The report covers: procedural defects and substantive outcomes; legal aid for judicial review cases; interveners and costs; capping of costs (protective costs orders); alternatives to the Government's judicial review reforms; judicial review and the public sector equality duty.

Download or read book Russian Federation written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-10-21 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights that real GDP growth in Russia has slowed, amid weak investment and external demand. Yet, the economy remains close to full capacity, with unemployment at historic lows and capacity utilization at pre-crisis highs. Short-term indicators are mixed, but on balance suggest some recovery of activity in recent months, indicating a stronger growth outlook for the second half of 2013. The near-term outlook is for moderate growth and inflation at the upper end of the target range of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (CBR).

Download or read book Proposals for reform of civil litigation funding and costs in England and Wales written by Great Britain: Ministry of Justice and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Lord Justice (Sir Rupert) Jackson's report, ’Review of Civil Litigation Costs: Final Report', (ISBN 9780117064041, January 2010 109 recommendations are put forward to promote access to justice at proportionate costs. This consultation sets out the proposals that the Government is taking forward as a priority. These include Sir Rupert's package of proposals on the reform of conditional fee agreements (CFAs) and on damages-based agreements (DBAs or ’contingency fees'). Sir Rupert also puts forward two alternative packages of recommendations should the primary recommendations not be implemented. These packages would introduce more rigorous control over the level of success fees and ATE insurance premiums that can be recovered from the losing side. The Government considers that the radical reform proposed in Sir Rupert's primary recommendation is needed, but these alternative measures are included in this consultation so that those responding can consider other options. This consultation also covers three other proposals from Sir Rupert's report. The first is to ensure proportionality of total costs. The second is allowing lawyers to enter into damages-based agreements (DBAs) with their clients in litigation before the courts. The use of these agreements is currently not permitted in litigation. However, the Government agrees with Sir Rupert that allowing DBAs would give litigants greater choice in deciding the most appropriate funding method for their case, and could increase access to justice for claimants if CFAs become less attractive. The third concerns increasing the hourly rate recoverable by a successful litigant in person.

Download or read book Support and aspiration written by Great Britain: Department for Education and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2011-03-09 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report unveils proposals for the biggest programme of reform in the education and health support for children with special educational needs (SEN) and disabilities in 30 years. The Government wants to fundamentally reform the SEN system to address problems including: parents having to battle to get the support their child needs; SEN statements not joining up education, health and care support; children falling between the gaps in services or having to undergo multiple assessments; multiple layers of paperwork and bureaucracy adding delays to getting support, therapy and vital equipment; confusing and adversarial assessment process, with the perceived conflict of interest where the local authority must provide SEN support as well as assess children's needs; too many children are being over-identified as SEN, preventing them from achieving their potential because teachers have lower expectations of them. The Government proposes to: include parents in the assessment process and introduce a legal right, by 2014, to give them control of funding for the support their child needs; replace statements with a single assessment process and a combined education, health and care plan so that health and social services is included in the package of support; ensure assessment and plans run from birth to 25 years old; replace the existing complicated School Action and School Action Plus system with a simpler new school-based category to help teachers focus on raising attainment; overhaul teacher training and professional development; inject greater independence from local authorities in assessments; give parents a greater choice of school and the power to set up special free schools

Download or read book Informality and the Challenge of Pension Adequacy Outlook and Reform Options for Peru written by Christoph Freudenberg and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past reforms have put the Peruvian pension system on a largely fiscally sustainable path, but the system faces important challenges in providing adequate pension levels for a large share of the population. Using administrative microdata at the affiliate level, we project replacement rates in the defined benefit (DB) and defined contribution (DC) pillars over the next 30 years and simulate the impact of various reform scenarios on the average level and distribution of pensions. In the DB pillar, the regressive minimum contribution period should be re-thought, while in the DC pillar a broadening of the contribution base and/or an increase in contribution rates would help increase replacement rates relative to the baseline forecast of 25-33 percent. A higher net real rate of return than assumed in the baseline would also have a significant positive impact. In the medium-term, labor market reform to tackle informality, and a broad pension reform to restructure the system and avoid competition between the DB and DC pillars should be a priority. Given low pension coverage, having a strong non-contributory pillar will remain important for the foreseeable future.

Download or read book Cartels Markets and Crime written by Bruce Wardhaugh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-02-06 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study of the normative justification for the use of criminal sanctions as a means of cartel control goes beyond the historical and economic viewpoints by adding a normative evaluation of anti-cartel regimes and analysing cartel control in the USA, Europe and the UK. The analysis is unique in seeking to establish why, in a liberal society, criminal sanctions should apply to individuals who participate in this sort of activity. Although cartels have been rhetorically likened to theft and fraud, there are significant differences. Notwithstanding these differences, Cartels, Markets and Crime presents an argument for the criminalisation of economic collusion and, with this argument in mind, analyses the regimes of the USA, EU and UK and considers the possibility of global convergence.

Download or read book A Financial Centre for Two Empires written by David C. Donald and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-19 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An historical, empirical, doctrinal and comparative case study of how a former British colony became China's international financial centre.

Download or read book Banking Reform written by Great Britain. Treasury and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2012-06-14 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This white paper sets out the Coalition Government's proposals for taking forward implementation of the recommendations of the Independent Commission on Banking (ICB), chaired by Sir John Vickers (see ISBN 9780108510984). The ICB recommended a package of measures, consisting of: (i) Ring-fencing vital banking services; (ii) Increasing banks' loss-absorbency; (iii) Enhancing competition in the banking sector. This paper aims to clarify how the Government will implement these proposals, so that UK banks are sufficiently resilient to withstand excessive financial shocks, and sufficiently resolvable so as to fail safely without drawing on taxpayer support. The publication is divided into four chapters, with one annex. Chapter 1: Context of these reforms; Chapter 2: Ring-fencing; Chapter 3: Loss-absorbency; Chapter 4: Competition.

Download or read book Ministry of Justice Judicial Review Proposals for Further Reform Cm 8703 written by Great Britain: Ministry of Justice and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2013-09-06 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Judicial review allows individuals, businesses and others to ask the court to consider whether, for example, a government department has gone beyond its powers, a local authority has followed a lawful process or an arms-length body has come to a rational decision. As such, it is a crucial check to ensure lawful public administration. The expansion of judicial review has, in the government's view, led to abuse of the system. The earlier consultation "Judicial Review: Proposals for Reform" (ISBN 9780101851527), introduced changes to the time for bringing planning or procurement challenges and offered a way for courts to filter out unmeritorious challenges. This follow-up review seeks further reform in areas such as: the courts' approach to cases which rely on minor procedural defects; rebalancing financial incentives; speeding up appeals to the Supreme Court in a small number of nationally significant cases and planning challenges. Also this paper looks at the potential reform as to who can bring judicial review and whether alternative mechanisms exist to resolve disputes. The paper also includes a proposal in relation to the payment of legal aid providers in judicial review cases.

Download or read book The Reform of International Economic Governance written by Antonio Segura Serrano and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-05 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the twentieth century saw the emergence of international economic law as a major force in the international legal system. This force has been severely tested by the economic crisis of 2008. Unable to prevent the crisis, the existing legal mechanisms have struggled to react against its direst consequences. This book brings together leading experts to analyse the main causes of the crisis and the role that international economic law has played in trying to prevent it, on the one hand, and worsening it, on the other. The work highlights the reaction and examines the tools that have been created by the international legal field to implement international cooperation in an effort to help put an end to the crisis and avoid similar events in the future. The volume brings together eminent legal academics and economists to examine key issues from the perspectives of trade law, financial law, and investment law with the collective aim of reform of international economic governance.