Download or read book Construction of Smoking relevant Risk Perceptions Among College Students written by Jennifer Elaine Irvin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the potential joint influence of need for cognition (NC), the dispositional preference for engaging in (or avoiding) effortful cognitive processing of information, and type of smoking risk message (i.e., factual and evaluative messages similar in message content and length) on the construction of smoking-relevant risk perceptions among college smokers. A secondary purpose was to examine potential mechanisms through which changes in risk perception might occur. 227 college smokers evaluated one of three pamphlets, (1) a factual (i.e., primarily fact-based) smoking risk pamphlet, (2) an evaluative (i.e., primarily emotion based) smoking risk pamphlet, or (3) a control pamphlet unrelated to smoking. Among occasional smokers, NC interacted with type of risk message to influence perceptions of post-pamphlet risk for several of the risk perception outcomes examined. Specifically, smokers lower in NC reported higher levels of perceived risk in response to the evaluative pamphlet whereas smokers higher in NC reported greater perceived risk in response to the factual pamphlet. The interaction did not predict risk perception outcomes among daily smokers. Significant changes in the mechanisms examined were not observed. Findings provide evidence that NC interacts with type of smoking risk message to influence changes in smoking-related health risk perceptions among occasional college smokers. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Download or read book Smoking written by Paul Slovic and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2001-05-23 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " This important book reveals why the young start smoking and why, as adults, they regret having started. It is a great contribution to helping end a national epidemic." — CHERYL HEALTON, President/CEO, American Legacy Foundation "This book is a must for everyone concerned about how to address the problem of tobacco use among young people. Virtually all new smokers are children. Many of them are in their early teens and one out of every three children who begin to smoke will die prematurely because of their use of tobacco. This book includes the most objective, thorough and authoritative research to date on the critical question about whether young people fully understand the consequences of their decision to smoke at the time they start and whether they are able to make rational decisions about this vitally important decision. It leaves the reader with no doubt about the value of efforts to better educate our young people and to empower them to resist the lure of tobacco marketing." — MATTHEW MYERS, President, Campaign for Tobacco Free Kids Do individuals really know and understand the risks entailed by their smoking decisions? The question is particularly important in the case of young persons, because most smokers start during childhood and adolescence. After years of intense publicity about the damages of smoking, it is generally believed that every teenager and adult in the U.S. knows that smoking is dangerous to health, thus decisions to smoke are informed choices. This book presents a counter-view, based on a survey of several thousand young persons and adults, probing attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and perceptions of risk associated with smoking. The authors agree that young smokers give little or no thought to health risks or the problems of addiction. The survey data contradicts the model of informed, rational choice and underscores the need for aggressive policies to counter tobacco firms′ marketing and promotional efforts and to restrict youth access to tobacco.
Download or read book The Role of Health Risk Perception Variables on Smoking related Outcomes in a Motivational Interviewing based Intervention for College Students written by John David Jacobson and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of health risk perception in smoking behavior was prospectively evaluated in a cluster-randomized trial for smoking cessation in college students. Optimistic bias, future precaution effectiveness, perceived vulnerability, and smoking behavior measures (quit attempts and cessation) were assessed in 302 college-aged student smokers at baseline, end of treatment (3 months), and follow-up (6 months). Logistic regression analyses that controlled for level of smoking were used to examine risk perception variables as predictor of smoking outcomes. Results revealed that higher baseline future precaution effectiveness predicted a greater likelihood of quit attempts at end of treatment [OR = 1.11 (1.001, 1.24)] and a greater likelihood of cessation [OR = 1.14 (1.01, 1.29)] at follow-up. Unexpectedly, higher baseline levels of perceived vulnerability predicted a reduced likelihood of cessation at end of treatment [OR = .67 (.55, .83)] and follow-up [OR = .78 (.63, .97)]. As expected, however increases in perceived vulnerability from baseline to end of treatment predicted a greater likelihood of quit attempts at end of treatment [OR = 1.57 (1.24, 1.98)] and follow-up (OR = 1.62 (1.25, 2.08)] and cessation at end of treatment [OR = 1.27 (1.01, 1.62)]. Taken as a whole, results suggest that perceived vulnerability was the best predictor of smoking behavior change and supports further examination of the role of risk perceptions in promoting smoking cessation among college smokers.
Download or read book The Smoking Puzzle written by Frank A. Sloan and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors find that smokers tend to be overly optimistic about longevity and future health if they quit later in life. Smokers over 50 revise their perceptions only after a major health shock. If smokers are informed of long-term consequences and are told that quitting can come too late, they are able to evaluate the risks more accurately.
Download or read book Perception of Harm in UWL International Undergraduates on Smoking Tobacco written by Vaishnavi Paripally and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract. Cigarette smoking among college students continues to be a major health concern in the United States. Studies showed that peer influences, weight control behavior, depression, anxiety, and stress are significant predictors of cigarette smoking among college students. With increases in use, there is concern among public health officials as to whether e-cigs represent a "gateway" to future tobacco cigarette smoking and whether e-cigs will lead to nicotine addiction among youth. The other side of this argument supports the concept of e-cigs as a harm reduction product to reduce cigarette smoking, resulting in e-cigs being marketed as "safer" alternatives to cigarette smoking. College students are included in the age group 18-24 shown to be at increased risk for using nontraditional tobacco products, including e-cigs. College students are often drawn to novel products and are generally more accepting of e-cig use in public compared with cigarette smoking. Objective. The purpose of this cross-sectional descriptive study is to better understand the perception of international undergraduate students at UW-La Crosse regarding the harm associated with smoking tobacco. Participants. A total of 22 International Undergraduate students from the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse participated in the study in March of 2017. Participants completed a web-based questionnaire consisting of demographic items as well as items related to perception of harm by smoking tobacco. Methods. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency and percentage. Results. According to the survey e-cigarettes were perceived as having the least amount of risk, followed by hookah and cigars, cigarillos, and then cigarettes. Students who perceived a continuum of cigarette-related harm were consistently more likely to perceive e-cigarettes as less harmful than conventional cigarettes compared to those with a consistently high perception of cigarette harm. Such findings suggest that many students may be susceptible to e-cigarette use. Hookah and electronic cigarettes were the most favorably perceived products, which may reflect the effective efforts to market these products as safe and socially acceptable. E-Cigarettes and Hookah seem to have particularly high appeal among this population, with very high positive perceptions in terms of low perceived harm to health as well as high social acceptability. Furthermore, e-cigarettes and hookah were the most commonly used tobacco products daily and less than monthly. Conclusions. The present study provides information regarding perceptions of harm to health by smoking various tobacco products. E-cigarette was generally perceived to be the least harmful, with cigar's and hookah closely following. Cigarettes and cigarillos were perceived as the most negatively and more harmful to health. Future research is needed to document reasons for these perceptions as well as to document the true nature of health risks. Doing so will inform the development of public health campaigns and interventions to alter these perceptions related to the use of these tobacco products.
Download or read book Smoking Behaviour Risk Perceptions and Health Practices of Nursing Students written by Anita Lange and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data was collected by a self-report questionnaire on self-reported smoking behavior of beginning nursing students, their perception of health risks related to smoking, and their attitudes and performance of specific health behaviors.
Download or read book Risk Perception and Smoking Behavior written by Jin-Tan Liu and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Dynamics of Persuasion written by Richard M. Perloff and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dynamics of Persuasion has been a staple resource for teaching persuasion for nearly two decades. Author Richard M. Perloff speaks to students in a style that is engaging and informational, explaining key theories and research as well as providing timely and relevant examples. The companion website includes materials for both students and instructors and expanding the pedagogical utilities. The sixth edition includes: updated theoretical and applied research in a variety of areas, including framing, inoculation, and self-affirmation; new studies of health campaigns; expanded coverage of social media marketing; enhanced discussion of the Elaboration Likelihood Model in light of continued research and new applications to everyday persuasion. The fundamentals of the book – emphasis on theory, clear-cut explanation of findings, in-depth discussion of persuasion processes and effects, and easy-to-follow real-world applications – continue in the sixth edition.
Download or read book Social Factors of Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Undergraduate College Students written by Jane F. Emmeree and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: This study examined whether three social factors affected cigarette smoking initiation during the freshman and sophomore years of college: (1) perceived prevalence of peers' smoking behavior, (2) smoking-related behavior of friends and roommates, and (3) sociability. Moreover, this study determined the percentage of students who initiated smoking during college, identified at-risk populations, and pinpointed when college students are most vulnerable to begin smoking. A total of 1,772 undergraduate students in intact classrooms from five universities completed a researcher-constructed self-report survey. Questionnaires from 1,250 full-time, traditional-aged freshmen, sophomores, and juniors were analyzed. A total of 26.8% of the sample had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days before the survey, and 9.3% of the sample had smoked for the first time on two or more days during any one month during college. Nearly 57% of these "smoking initiators" had started smoking during their first six months of college; 70.7%, by the end of their freshman year; and, 90%, by the end of their sophomore year.
Download or read book Perceived Peer Smoking Status and Actual Smoking Among US College Students written by Michael D. Sawdey and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: To determine the association between perceived smoking among peers and smoking status among US College attending youth. Methods: we analyzed data from the American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment II survey administered to college students throughout the United States. We performed bivariate and multivariate analyses to determine if higher smoking prevalence was associated with higher levels of perceived smoking among subjects' peers. We controlled for gender, age, risk behaviors such as types of substance abuse, and various other demographic factors. Results: Students who reported higher perceived smoking status among their peers are 2.11 times more likely (CI 1.92- 2.21) to be smokers. In addition, behaviors such as being an alcohol user, illicit drug user, marijuana user, hookah user, or user of other tobacco products were associated with smoking among subjects. Males had a higher rate of self-reported smoking than females (13.78% to 9.89%), as did Whites and American Natives (12.21% & 13.26%), those aged 22-24 (14.37% compared to 10.57% for ages 18-21), and being diagnosed with depression in the last year (18.86% compared to no diagnosis 9.69%). Discussion: Smoking prevalence among college students may be associated with perception of peer behavior. Adolescents in general often overestimate the smoking prevalence of their peers, and this could be affecting the social norm among the non-smoking population entering college. Various national surveys of college-age populations show that smoking prevalence is no longer in a steady decline. This is of concern due to the college experience being an important period for the establishment of lifelong health behaviors. Many studies focus on high school years, but college students experience multiple life changing events that take place in a short period of time that could make them susceptible to smoking initiation. National smoking rates among adults continue to decline overall, but the college-aged population does not seem to be following suit. Additional interventions to alter perceptions of peer smoking should be explored as part of college health programs. One of these is to establish smoke-free college campuses. This could potentially reduce peer perceptions of smoking and also eliminate the environmental contamination of campuses with discarded butts.
Download or read book Emerging Theories in Health Promotion Practice and Research written by Ralph J. DiClemente and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-29 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Here is a 'must-read' for all health promotion researchers and practitioners eager to stay one step ahead of the pack. A panoply of insightful and promising new approaches is presented for consideration and exploration in our contemporary behavioral science arsenal." — M. Elaine Auld, MPH, CHES, Chief Executive Officer, Society for Public Health Education "This book is an essential addition to the health practice and research literature, concentrating on theories that have not been extensively covered elsewhere and that have great currency. It provides an up-to-date rendition on the interplay among contemporary public health concerns, sound public health practice, and the theoretical bases for practice."— Robert M. Goodman, PhD, MPH, Dean and Professor, School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Indiana University "The authors of Emerging Theories provide vivid descriptions of the state of the science in health promotion and presents an exciting map for future research. Understanding and using theories is the hallmark of an excellent practitioner. Creating and elaborating theories is the mark of an excellent researcher. This text will be very valuable for both." — Noreen M. Clark, PhD, Myron E. Wegman Distinguished University Professor; Director, Center for Managing Chronic Disease, University of Michigan "Emerging Theories captures the dynamic growth in theories of health promotion and illustrates how divergent theoretical perspectives are being integrated into richer explanatory and practice models." — Matthew W. Kreuter, PhD, MPH, Professor of Social Work and Medicine; Director, Health Communication Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis
Download or read book ADDICTED YOUTH THE UNDERSTANDING OF SMOKING RELATED HEALTH RISKS IN FEMALE COLLEGE STUDENTS written by Rebekah Agnes Ann Morris and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Young adults are at the greatest risk for initiation of smoking or becoming daily smokers. Smoking has a unique history in the United States and is associated with health risks beyond heart disease and lung cancer, many specifically affecting women. Although the majority of people are aware of the risks for heart disease and lung cancer, many other risks are not recognized. By evaluating the known knowledge of smoking-related health risks beyond and including heart disease and lung cancer in the high risk population of female college students, education programs and cessation teaching can be altered, potentially resulting in lower start rates and higher cessation rates. In order to accomplish these changes, known health risks and unknown or unrecognized health risks need to be identified. Data were analyzed using comparative descriptive statistics gathered by a survey tool that was dispersed to college students' email as a Survey Monkey questionnaire. All female students attending Minnesota State University, Mankato during the previous spring 2011, current summer 2011 and upcoming fall 2011 semesters received the email request. Data were included from 473 students aged 18 to 24. Questions addressed personal and family experience with smoking, current smoking status, perceived risk of smoking-related health conditions, participation in high-risk behaviors, and identification of the three most common health consequences of smoking. As indicated by previous research, the majority of current and former smokers began smoking between the ages of 16 and 19. The data corroborated with previous studies indicating low perceived risk for smoking-related health conditions. Correlations between participation in high-risk behaviors and tobacco use were supported by the research. Positive family history with smoking-related health consequence appears to be a factor in tobacco use. Results from this study duplicate previous research indicating the health care system's failure in making advances in educating young women about smoking-related health risks. Additionally, the media's attempts at educating the public of the link between smoking and heart disease in women has failed with over 75% of respondents incorrectly identifying lung cancer as the most common health consequence of smoking. A need for assessment of the smoking status of and education regarding the health risks of tobacco use is indicated by the results.
Download or read book Research on Smoking Behavior written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is derived from papers presented at a conference on smoking behavior convened at the University of California at Los Angeles, June 24 and 25, 1977. Ms. Toby-Ann Cronin played a critical role in the coordination of the conference and in the development of this publication with UCLA.
Download or read book An Examination of Smoking Related Behaviours and Self Perceptions and the Role of School Connectedness in Predicting Cigarette Use Among Students at an Ontario University electronic Resource written by Jillian Beth Giesler and published by University of Waterloo. This book was released on 2005 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background. Post-secondary institutions account for more smokers than any other occupational setting in Canada (Hammond, 2005). Unfortunately, little is known about tobacco use among this distinct population of students. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of smoking and patterns of cigarette use among undergraduates at the University of Waterloo. The current study also sought to investigate the role of school connectedness in predicting students' smoking behaviours, and to explore the relation of student smoking status as determined by a behavioural measure and self-reported smoking status. Methods. A secondary analysis of data collected using the University of Waterloo Tobacco Use Survey (2004) was employed for this research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means, and percentages), non-parametric statistics (chi-square and Cohen's kappa), principle components factor analysis and logistic regression in order to serve the exploratory purposes of the study. Results. Overall, 17.55% of the respondents reported current cigarette use (3.37% daily; 14.18% non-daily). Although most (85.5%) students' self-perceptions remained as 'nonsmokers who never smoke' from university entrance to the study date, a greater proportion of students made a negative change in their self-perceived smoking status over this time period than a positive change (10.13% vs. 4.38%, respectively). Among students who perceived themselves as 'nonsmokers who never smoke' or 'ex-smokers' at university entrance, being more academically engaged predicted making a negative change in ones' self-perceived smoking status (OR= 1.924, CI95= 1.064-3.480). Finally, the proportion of non-daily smokers differed between the two measures of smoking status. Many students classified as 'occasional smokers' using the behavioural measure actually perceived themselves as 'nonsmokers who smoke sometimes'. Discussion. The results of this study provide valuable new insights into smoking among Canadian university students. Students who are more academically engaged may be at risk of initiating smoking, perhaps as a means of stress reduction. Furthermore, the adult measure of occasional smoking typically used in tobacco research may be insufficient to inform tobacco control efforts for this population as it results in different proportions of non-daily smokers when compared against students' self-perceived smoking status. The findings of this exploratory research await replication with larger samples and different measures. Implications of the results for practice and further research are discussed. Conclusions. This strategy of assessing connectedness to school shows promise in predicting post-secondary students' cigarette smoking behaviours. The results also provide support for continued investigation into the best ways to measure and assess current cigarette use in this unique population.
Download or read book Perceptions of Cigarette Smoking and Tobacco Use in College Students written by Linda C. Hancock and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effects of Increasing the Risk Perception of High risk Behaviors on Decision Making Among College Daily Smokers and Never smokers written by Scott Patterson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Relationship Between Health Literacy Preventive Health Literacy and Cigarette Smoking Behavior of Undergraduates written by Juliann Stalls and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cigarette smoking is among the most detrimental of risky health behaviors and is related to multiple poor health outcomes including development of cancer. It is a complex behavior that is initiated and maintained through multiple factors: individual factors (e.g., psychological factors, stress), environmental factors (e.g., peer smoking behavior, accessibility), structural factors (local, state, and national policy) and sociodemographic factors (economic status and race/ethnicity). One individual factor, health literacy, has not been studied in relation to smoking behavior. In addition, a component of health literacy, preventive health literacy, has been mostly neglected by researchers. This involves one's knowledge of preventive health behaviors, risk perception of disease development, the belief in one's ability to make use of that knowledge and risk information to make good health behavior decisions (i.e., self-efficacy), and the ability to make preventive health actions (i.e., utilize preventive health care services and participate in positive health behaviors). Thus, the purpose of the current study was three-fold: 1) develop a better understanding of levels of health literacy and preventive health literacy, 2) determine if smoking behavior was associated with health literacy and preventive health literacy, and 3) examine the relationship between health literacy and preventive health literacy, among a sample of undergraduate students. The results indicated that health literacy and preventive health literacy as measured by health knowledge, risk perception, self-efficacy, and health action were high among the sample. However, only risk perception and health action significantly contributed to the prediction of smoking status. This finding suggests that smoking cessation programs may benefit from working to address engagement in positive health behaviors and improving risk perception, rather than health knowledge associated with smoking or self-efficacy to quit smoking. Furthermore, the results indicated that preventive health literacy did not offer a clear advantage over health literacy in the prediction of smoking status. These results were discussed and ideas for future clinical and research directions were provided.
