Download or read book Consequences of Climate Warming and Land Use Change for Plant Pollinator Interactions Including a Specialized Pollination System written by Sarah Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: the responses of plant-pollinator networks more broadly to land-use change, I collected plant-pollinator interaction data at the same sites varying in land use during a two-year study. Networks in urban and agricultural habitats showed evidence of less resiliency to environmental disturbances than networks in native ecosystems, but urban habitats had a high diversity of pollinators and floral resources in the early spring. Finally, I used a community science dataset to determine which plants are the most visited by bees, and I report the most observed bee taxa and unique plant-bee interactions. I use these results to provide planting recommendations for pollinator conservation efforts. Together, these studies enhance our understanding of the impacts of climate warming and land-use change on plant-pollinator interactions.
Download or read book Seed Dispersal and Frugivory written by Douglas John Levey and published by CABI. This book was released on 2002 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information on the historical and theoretical perspectives of biodiversity and ecology in tropical forests, plant and animal behaviour towards seed dispersal and plant-animal interactions within forest communities, consequences of seed dispersal, and conservation, biodiversity and management.
Download or read book Plant pollinator Interactions in the Face of Global Change written by Megan O'Connell (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 80% of terrestrial plant species are dependent on animal pollinators to facilitate their reproduction and survival via pollen dispersal and pollen-mediated gene flow. With anthropogenic habitat destruction, urbanization, and climate change intensifying, the alteration and loss of pollination services may be one of the greatest threats global biodiversity faces today. Plant-pollinator interactions meet a myriad of synergistic challenges, both spatial and temporal, that impact their frequency and efficacy, ultimately altering the movement of pollen-mediated genetic diversity across landscapes and rendering tangible consequences for plant reproduction. Therefore, the ability for ecosystems to support diverse and robust pollinator communities, that can facilitate sufficient pollination services in quickly changing landscapes, may largely determine the future genetic health and survival of plant communities. The spatial impacts of land-use change and urbanization alter both density-dependent dispersal patterns and pollinator foraging behavior, while climate change may exacerbate these issues by further altering floral resource availability and foraging behavior temporally. To explore these dynamics we conducted extensive field surveys (Chapters 1, 2, 3), molecular analyses (Chapters 1, 2), and pollen analyses (Chapters 2, 3) across two systems: the tropical lowland forests of the Panama Canal region (Chapters 1, 2) and a network of urban gardens along the central coast of California (Chapter 3). We explored the scales at which pollen dispersal and pollen-mediated gene flow can be influence by deforestation (Chapter 1), finding measurable fine-scale effects in a multipaternal tropical tree species. We then added a temporal aspect to our tropical study system to explore how density-dependence may interact with climate change to impact pollination services after a plant-pollinator network experienced a discrete phenological shift (Chapter 2), finding that the distribution of genetic diversity and the robustness of plant-pollinator networks may play important roles in buffering plants from the negative effects of climatic extremes. We also investigated how the most extreme form of habitat degradation, urbanization, impacts pollinator foraging preferences across a network of urban gardens (Chapter 3), finding clear patterns of how pollinators utilize resource patches within cities as a function of the surrounding urban matrix and the richness of plant communities in these patches. Lastly, I present a portfolio of professional science media products I produced and/or co-produced throughout the course of my dissertation studies (Chapter 4), illustrating the importance of science communication for the fields of ecology and conservation, and the potential ways researchers can participate in the creation of compelling science media products
Download or read book Plant Pollinator Interactions in a Changing Climate written by Jessica Rachel Keenan Forrest and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tree Pollination Under Global Climate Change written by Fernando Ramírez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief reviews the pollination aspects of both wild and domesticated fruit tree species in a global climate change context. It explores cross-pollination mediated by insects, vertebrates and abiotic factors, self-pollination and their global warming implications. The authors identify the link between abiotic factors such as precipitation and severe droughts in the context of tree pollination and climate change. Furthermore, pollination and conservation implications in agriculture as well as wild tree populations are explored. Emphasis has been given to fruit trees growing in tropical, subtropical and temperate environments.
Download or read book Land Use Intensification written by Saul Cunningham and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2012-07-18 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There can be little doubt that there are truly colossal challenges associated with providing food, fibre and energy for an expanding world population without further accelerating already rapid rates of biodiversity loss and undermining the ecosystem processes on which we all depend. These challenges are further complicated by rapid changes in climate and its additional direct impacts on agriculture, biodiversity and ecological processes. There are many different viewpoints about the best way to deal with the myriad issues associated with land use intensification and this book canvasses a number of these from different parts of the tropical and temperate world. Chapters focus on whether science can suggest new and improved approaches to reducing the conflict between productive land use and biodiversity conservation. Who should read this book? Policy makers in regional, state and federal governments, as well as scientists and the interested lay public.
Download or read book Status of Pollinators in North America written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollinators-insects, birds, bats, and other animals that carry pollen from the male to the female parts of flowers for plant reproduction-are an essential part of natural and agricultural ecosystems throughout North America. For example, most fruit, vegetable, and seed crops and some crops that provide fiber, drugs, and fuel depend on animals for pollination. This report provides evidence for the decline of some pollinator species in North America, including America's most important managed pollinator, the honey bee, as well as some butterflies, bats, and hummingbirds. For most managed and wild pollinator species, however, population trends have not been assessed because populations have not been monitored over time. In addition, for wild species with demonstrated declines, it is often difficult to determine the causes or consequences of their decline. This report outlines priorities for research and monitoring that are needed to improve information on the status of pollinators and establishes a framework for conservation and restoration of pollinator species and communities.
Download or read book Resilience Thinking written by Brian Walker and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-06-22 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly, cracks are appearing in the capacity of communities, ecosystems, and landscapes to provide the goods and services that sustain our planet's well-being. The response from most quarters has been for "more of the same" that created the situation in the first place: more control, more intensification, and greater efficiency. "Resilience thinking" offers a different way of understanding the world and a new approach to managing resources. It embraces human and natural systems as complex entities continually adapting through cycles of change, and seeks to understand the qualities of a system that must be maintained or enhanced in order to achieve sustainability. It explains why greater efficiency by itself cannot solve resource problems and offers a constructive alternative that opens up options rather than closing them down. In Resilience Thinking, scientist Brian Walker and science writer David Salt present an accessible introduction to the emerging paradigm of resilience. The book arose out of appeals from colleagues in science and industry for a plainly written account of what resilience is all about and how a resilience approach differs from current practices. Rather than complicated theory, the book offers a conceptual overview along with five case studies of resilience thinking in the real world. It is an engaging and important work for anyone interested in managing risk in a complex world.
Download or read book Potential Effects of Climate Change on Crop Pollination written by Mariken Kjøhl and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change has the potential to severely impact ecosystem services such as pollination. As with any change, both challenges and opportunities can be expected. Recognizing that the interactions between climate, crops and biodiversity are complex and not always well understood, the Plant Production and Protection Division of FAO has coordinated this review of the potential effects of climate change on crop pollination.
Download or read book Pollinators and Pollination written by Jeff Ollerton and published by Pelagic Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique and personal insight into the ecology and evolution of pollinators, their relationships with flowers, and their conservation in a rapidly changing world. The pollination of flowers by insects, birds and other animals is a fundamentally important ecological function that supports both the natural world and human society. Without pollinators to facilitate the sexual reproduction of plants, the world would be a biologically poorer place in which to live, there would be an impact on food security, and human health would suffer. Written by one of the world’s leading pollination ecologists, this book provides an introduction to what pollinators are, how their interactions with flowers have evolved, and the fundamental ecology of these relationships. It explores the pollination of wild and agricultural plants in a variety of habitats and contexts, including urban, rural and agricultural environments. The author also provides practical advice on how individuals and organisations can study, and support, pollinators. As well as covering the natural history of pollinators and flowers, the author discusses their cultural importance, and the ways in which pollinator conservation has been portrayed from a political perspective. The book draws on field work experiences in South America, Africa, Australia, the Canary Islands and the UK. For over 30 years the author has spent his career researching how plants and pollinators evolve relationships, how these interactions function ecologically, their importance for society, and how we can conserve them in a rapidly changing world. This book offers a unique and personal insight into the science of pollinators and pollination, aimed at anyone who is interested in understanding these fascinating and crucial ecological interactions.
Download or read book The pollination services of forests written by Krishnan, S., Wiederkehr Guerra, G., Bertrand, D., Wertz-Kanounnikoff, S. and Kettle, C.J. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most flowering plants, including wild species and many food crops, are pollinated by animals and are vital, therefore, for biological production and the maintenance of biodiversity. Pollinators benefit from diverse natural habitats for forage and nesting, especially when these are limited in plant production systems. Landscape and forest management practices can help ensure the continued availability of pollinators and thereby increase resilience and the productivity of forestry and agriculture. The extent of forests and other natural habitats in a landscape plays a role in determining the species composition of pollinators. Agricultural landscapes adjoining fragmented forests and natural areas benefit from pollinator services, and animal-pollinated crops therefore achieve higher fruit set. Forest management practices can have significant effects on pollinator abundance and diversity. They affect forest variables such as structure, species composition, soil dynamics, hydrology and light availability, all of which can affect pollinator species composition and diversity and plant–pollinator networks. Indigenous and local knowledge can contribute to the conservation of pollinators through traditional management practices. This working paper, which is aimed at forest practitioners, landscape planners and land-use decision-makers, reviews published literature on the impacts of forest and landscape management practices on pollinators. It also addresses the implications of climate change, collates 36 case studies, and makes recommendation on measures for maintaining pollinator diversity and abundance in forests and landscapes
Download or read book Timing is Everything written by Zachariah J. Gezon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenology is a critically important life-history trait for organisms. In order for species to synchronously perform natural history events, such as reproduction, organisms often cue in on one or more specific abiotic conditions, such as temperature and/or photoperiod. Thus, the phenology of organisms may respond to natural variation in environmental conditions, which increases the chances of favorable conditions during periods of their lifecycle. Recent climate warming has advanced the phenologies of many species of flowering plants, often resulting in decreased fitness. The mechanisms behind these fitness changes are not well understood, however. In addition to changing the abiotic conditions experienced by organisms, climate change sometimes results in temporal shifts, or mismatches, between interacting species. Many examples of phenological mismatches disrupting plant-herbivore and predator-prey interactions have been documented, but the occurrence and consequences of phenological mismatches within mutualisms, such as those between plants and pollinators, have received less attention. Unfortunately, very little is known about long-term variation in pollinator phenology, abundance, and diversity, which severely limits our ability to predict pollinator responses to climate change. Moreover, research into temporal shifts has typically focused on individual species or consumer-resource species interactions, and surprisingly few studies have examined the consequences of variation in temporal shifts within trophic levels, such as within flowering plant communities. Using large scale field experiments, I simulated early snowmelt to assess the consequences of phenological change on plant-pollinator interactions and plant reproduction, and some of the mechanisms involved. I found that changes in abiotic conditions can either exacerbate or ameliorate pollen limitation and plant reproduction, depending on the nature of the changing environment. Earlier flowering increased the probability of experiencing frost damage, with severe consequences for plant reproduction. However, if plants escaped frost damage, earlier flowering plants reaped the benefits of higher pollinator visitation with earlier flowering time. Delayed flowering, on the other hand, decreased plant reproduction due to phenological mismatch with pollinators. In addition, altering snowpack resulted in drastic changes in co-flowering patterns, which affected plant-pollinator interactions and plant reproduction. Finally, using a standardized method for catching bees, I initiated a long-term bee sampling project to determine how bee abundance and diversity are affected by climate change. This standardized method can remove a large number of bees from sites during each sampling day, raising concern that the sampling itself could have a negative effect on bee populations. To address these concerns I performed an experiment to assess whether lethal, bi-weekly sampling for bees using pan traps and netting affected bee abundance and diversity. I found that the standardized method for sampling bees did not affect bee communities in terms of abundance, rarefied richness, evenness, or functional group composition. Thus, my results indicate that the bee communities I sampled are robust to such sampling efforts, and sampling can be employed to assess long term trends in bee populations. Taken together, this research highlights the importance of simultaneously considering both biotic and abiotic conditions, and both direct and indirect effects, to assess adequately how the environment will respond to a changing climate.
Download or read book Plants Pollinators and Global Change written by Susan M. Waters and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global environmental change is currently happening more rapidly than at any time known in Earth's previous history. The impacts of rapid biotic and abiotic change will affect multiple species interactions, including plant-pollinator interactions that are critical in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Invasion and climate-induced phenological shifts can have profound effects on plant-pollinator interactions that are not yet easily predicted given the current state of our knowledge. The research in this dissertation documents three ways global change will affect plant-pollinator interactions: (1) unexpectedly opposing effects of multiple shared pollinators on native and exotic plants (Chapter One); (2) surprising changes in interaction strength and direction resulting from unequal phenological shifting (Chapter Two); and (3) the emergence of new temporal patterns of floral resources in invaded communities (Chapter Three).
Download or read book Pollination and Floral Ecology written by Pat Willmer and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-07-25 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pollination and Floral Ecology is a very comprehensive reference work to all aspects of pollination biology.
Download or read book Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on the Geographic Distribution of Plant pollinator Interactions written by Rachel L. Olson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Spatial Variation in Plant pollinator Interactions written by David Alan Moeller and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Brief History of South American Metatherians written by Francisco Goin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes major aspects of the evolution of South American metatherians, including their epistemologic, phylogenetic, biogeographic, faunal, tectonic, paleoclimatic, and metabolic contexts. A brief overview of the evolution of each major South American lineage ("Ameridelphia", Sparassodonta, Didelphimorphia, Paucituberculata, Microbiotheria, and Polydolopimorphia) is provided. It is argued that due to physiological constraints, metatherian evolution closely followed the conditions imposed by global temperatures. In general terms, during the Paleocene and the early Eocene multiple radiations of metatherian lineages occurred, with many adaptive types exploiting insectivorous, frugivorous, and omnivorous adaptive zones. In turn, a mixture of generalized and specialized types, the latter mainly exploiting carnivorous and granivorous-folivorous adaptive zones, characterized the second half of the Cenozoic. In both periods, climate was the critical driver of their radiation and turnovers.
