Download or read book Conjunctions and Disjunctions written by Octavio Paz and published by Arcade Publishing. This book was released on 1990 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the great minds of the 20th century,explores the duality of human nature in all its,variations in cultures around the world.,Fascinated by the polarity of being, Paz has,boldly attempted to write a |history of man|.,Unlike countless other histories that simply,chronicle civilizations and cultures, Paz's work,explores the human heart, the meaning of human,nature and the duality that exists within all,beings and, it would seem, all things. Ranging,across cultures and centuries, Paz explores,opposites and contradiction through the ages.
Download or read book Oxford Studies in Epistemology Volume 4 written by Tamar Szabó Gendler and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work is a major biennial volume offering a regular snapshot of state-of-the-art work in this important field of epistemology.
Download or read book Discrete Mathematics written by Oscar Levin and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-08-16 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This gentle introduction to discrete mathematics is written for first and second year math majors, especially those who intend to teach. The text began as a set of lecture notes for the discrete mathematics course at the University of Northern Colorado. This course serves both as an introduction to topics in discrete math and as the "introduction to proof" course for math majors. The course is usually taught with a large amount of student inquiry, and this text is written to help facilitate this. Four main topics are covered: counting, sequences, logic, and graph theory. Along the way proofs are introduced, including proofs by contradiction, proofs by induction, and combinatorial proofs. The book contains over 360 exercises, including 230 with solutions and 130 more involved problems suitable for homework. There are also Investigate! activities throughout the text to support active, inquiry based learning. While there are many fine discrete math textbooks available, this text has the following advantages: It is written to be used in an inquiry rich course. It is written to be used in a course for future math teachers. It is open source, with low cost print editions and free electronic editions.
Download or read book Logic as a Tool written by Valentin Goranko and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-02 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in a clear, precise and user-friendly style, Logic as a Tool: A Guide to Formal Logical Reasoning is intended for undergraduates in both mathematics and computer science, and will guide them to learn, understand and master the use of classical logic as a tool for doing correct reasoning. It offers a systematic and precise exposition of classical logic with many examples and exercises, and only the necessary minimum of theory. The book explains the grammar, semantics and use of classical logical languages and teaches the reader how grasp the meaning and translate them to and from natural language. It illustrates with extensive examples the use of the most popular deductive systems -- axiomatic systems, semantic tableaux, natural deduction, and resolution -- for formalising and automating logical reasoning both on propositional and on first-order level, and provides the reader with technical skills needed for practical derivations in them. Systematic guidelines are offered on how to perform logically correct and well-structured reasoning using these deductive systems and the reasoning techniques that they employ. •Concise and systematic exposition, with semi-formal but rigorous treatment of the minimum necessary theory, amply illustrated with examples •Emphasis both on conceptual understanding and on developing practical skills •Solid and balanced coverage of syntactic, semantic, and deductive aspects of logic •Includes extensive sets of exercises, many of them provided with solutions or answers •Supplemented by a website including detailed slides, additional exercises and solutions For more information browse the book's website at: https://logicasatool.wordpress.com
Download or read book A Spiral Workbook for Discrete Mathematics written by Harris Kwong and published by Open SUNY Textbooks. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Spiral Workbook for Discrete Mathematics covers the standard topics in a sophomore-level course in discrete mathematics: logic, sets, proof techniques, basic number theory, functions,relations, and elementary combinatorics, with an emphasis on motivation. The text explains and claries the unwritten conventions in mathematics, and guides the students through a detailed discussion on how a proof is revised from its draft to a nal polished form. Hands-on exercises help students understand a concept soon after learning it. The text adopts a spiral approach: many topics are revisited multiple times, sometimes from a dierent perspective or at a higher level of complexity, in order to slowly develop the student's problem-solving and writing skills.
Download or read book An Introduction to Computational Learning Theory written by Michael J. Kearns and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994-08-15 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing issues of computational efficiency, Michael Kearns and Umesh Vazirani introduce a number of central topics in computational learning theory for researchers and students in artificial intelligence, neural networks, theoretical computer science, and statistics. Emphasizing issues of computational efficiency, Michael Kearns and Umesh Vazirani introduce a number of central topics in computational learning theory for researchers and students in artificial intelligence, neural networks, theoretical computer science, and statistics. Computational learning theory is a new and rapidly expanding area of research that examines formal models of induction with the goals of discovering the common methods underlying efficient learning algorithms and identifying the computational impediments to learning. Each topic in the book has been chosen to elucidate a general principle, which is explored in a precise formal setting. Intuition has been emphasized in the presentation to make the material accessible to the nontheoretician while still providing precise arguments for the specialist. This balance is the result of new proofs of established theorems, and new presentations of the standard proofs. The topics covered include the motivation, definitions, and fundamental results, both positive and negative, for the widely studied L. G. Valiant model of Probably Approximately Correct Learning; Occam's Razor, which formalizes a relationship between learning and data compression; the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension; the equivalence of weak and strong learning; efficient learning in the presence of noise by the method of statistical queries; relationships between learning and cryptography, and the resulting computational limitations on efficient learning; reducibility between learning problems; and algorithms for learning finite automata from active experimentation.
Download or read book Soviet Relations with India and Vietnam written by Ramesh Thakur and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-06-18 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India and Vietnam have been two foci of Soviet diplomacy in Asia. This book examines the relations between India, as a poor parliamentary democracy, and the USSR and relations with Vietnam help demonstrate the relationship between the USSR and an Asian communist power.
Download or read book The Connectives written by Lloyd Humberstone and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 1511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Connectives, Lloyd Humberstone examines the semantics and pragmatics of natural language sentence connectives (and, or, if, not), giving special attention to their formal behavior according to proposed logical systems and the degree to which such treatments capture their intuitive meanings. It will be an essential resource for philosophers, mathematicians, computer scientists, linguists, or any scholar who finds connectives, and the conceptual issues surrounding them, to be a source of interest.
Download or read book How to Prove It written by Daniel J. Velleman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many students have trouble the first time they take a mathematics course in which proofs play a significant role. This new edition of Velleman's successful text will prepare students to make the transition from solving problems to proving theorems by teaching them the techniques needed to read and write proofs. The book begins with the basic concepts of logic and set theory, to familiarize students with the language of mathematics and how it is interpreted. These concepts are used as the basis for a step-by-step breakdown of the most important techniques used in constructing proofs. The author shows how complex proofs are built up from these smaller steps, using detailed 'scratch work' sections to expose the machinery of proofs about the natural numbers, relations, functions, and infinite sets. To give students the opportunity to construct their own proofs, this new edition contains over 200 new exercises, selected solutions, and an introduction to Proof Designer software. No background beyond standard high school mathematics is assumed. This book will be useful to anyone interested in logic and proofs: computer scientists, philosophers, linguists, and of course mathematicians.
Download or read book Modelling Metaphysics written by Uwe Meixner and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book models and simulates metaphysics by presenting the metaphysics of a model. The small size of the model makes it possible to treat metaphysical matters with a more than usual systematicity and comprehensiveness. In the mirror of sustained analogy, simulation-metaphysics offers a wealth of insights on the real thing: on the doctrines, the methods, and the epistemology of metaphysics.
Download or read book Parameterized and Exact Computation written by Frank Dehne and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-10-14 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thecentralchallengeoftheoreticalcomputerscienceistodeploymathematicsin waysthatservethecreationofusefulalgorithms. Inrecentyearstherehasbeena growinginterest in the two-dimensionalframework of parameterizedcomplexity, where, in addition to the overall input size, one also considers a parameter,with a focus on how these two dimensions interact in problem complexity. This book presents the proceedings of the 1st InternationalWorkshopon - rameterized and Exact Computation (IWPEC 2004,http://www. iwpec. org), which took place in Bergen, Norway, on September 14-16, 2004. The workshop was organized as part of ALGO 2004. There were seven previous workshops on the theory and applications of parameterized complexity. The ?rst was - ganized at the Institute for the Mathematical Sciences in Chennai, India, in September, 2000. The second was held at Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in July, 2001. In December, 2002, a workshop on parameterized complexity was held in conjunction with the FST-TCS meeting in Kanpur, India. A second Dagstuhl workshop on parameterized complexity was held in July, 2003. Another wo- shoponthesubjectwasheldinOttawa,Canada,inAugust,2003,inconjunction with the WADS 2003 meeting. There have also been two Barbados workshops on applications of parameterized complexity. In response to the IWPEC 2004 call for papers, 47 papers were submitted, and from these the programcommittee selected 25 for presentation at the wo- shop. Inaddition,invitedlectureswereacceptedbythedistinguishedresearchers Michael Langston and Gerhard Woeginger.
Download or read book Basic Knowledge and Conditions on Knowledge written by Mark McBride and published by Open Book Publishers. This book was released on 2017-11-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we know what we know? In this stimulating and rigorous book, Mark McBride explores two sets of issues in contemporary epistemology: the problems that warrant transmission poses for the category of basic knowledge; and the status of conclusive reasons, sensitivity, and safety as conditions that are necessary for knowledge. To have basic knowledge is to know (have justification for) some proposition immediately, i.e., knowledge (justification) that doesn’t depend on justification for any other proposition. This book considers several puzzles that arise when you take seriously the possibility that we can have basic knowledge. McBride’s analysis draws together two vital strands in contemporary epistemology that are usually treated in isolation from each other. Additionally, its innovative arguments include a new application of the safety condition to the law. This book will be of interest to epistemologists―both professionals and students.
Download or read book Symbolic Logic written by David W. Agler and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brimming with visual examples of concepts, derivation rules, and proof strategies, this introductory text is ideal for students with no previous experience in logic. Symbolic Logic: Syntax, Semantics, and Proof introduces students to the fundamental concepts, techniques, and topics involved in deductive reasoning. Agler guides students through the basics of symbolic logic by explaining the essentials of two classical systems, propositional and predicate logic. Students will learn translation both from formal language into English and from English into formal language; how to use truth trees and truth tables to test propositions for logical properties; and how to construct and strategically use derivation rules in proofs. This text makes this often confounding topic much more accessible with step-by-step example proofs, chapter glossaries of key terms, hundreds of homework problems and solutions for practice, and suggested further readings.
Download or read book The Calculus of Computation written by Aaron R. Bradley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-18 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with graduate and advanced undergraduate students in mind, this textbook introduces computational logic from the foundations of first-order logic to state-of-the-art decision procedures for arithmetic, data structures, and combination theories. The textbook also presents a logical approach to engineering correct software. Verification exercises are given to develop the reader's facility in specifying and verifying software using logic. The treatment of verification concludes with an introduction to the static analysis of software, an important component of modern verification systems. The final chapter outlines courses of further study.
Download or read book Logic and General Theory of Science written by Edmund Husserl and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stated subject of these lecture courses given by Husserlbetween 1910 and 1918is ‘reason, the word for the mental activities and accomplishments that govern knowledge, give it form and supply it with norms.’ They show their author still pursuing the course set out in the Logical Investigations up to the end of the second decade of the century and displaying utter consistency with stands that he began taking on meaning, analyticity, Platonism, manifolds, mathematics, psychologism, etc. in the 1890s. Thus, they undermine many idées reçues about the development of his thought. The centerpiece of this work is an exploration of the realm of meaning. Moreover, they add new dimensions to standard discussions by taking readers back to the place where phenomenology and analytic philosophy diverged. They show that Husserl tangled long and hard with the very ideas that went into the making of the latter and offer a wealth of interesting insights into sense and meaning, theory of judgment, complete and incomplete meanings, states of affairs, extensional logic, the relationship between logic and mathematics, functions and arguments, propositional functions, quantification, existential generalization, the word ‘all,’ number theory, sets, modality, deductive theory, ideas that are still under discussion today. Prepared for oral delivery in the classroom, they are refreshingly lively and spontaneous. They are clearer, more explicit, and readable than the books Husserl published during his lifetime.
Download or read book On Poets and Others written by Octavio Paz and published by Skyhorse. This book was released on 2014-08-05 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nobel Prize–winning poet and man of letters Octavio Paz was also a brilliant reader of other writers, and this book selects his best critical essays from over three decades. In the sixteen pieces collected here, Paz discusses a wide range of poets and writers, both American and international, from Robert Frost and Walt Whitman to William Carlos Williams; from Fyodor Dostoevsky to Luis Buñuel to Alexander Solzhenitsyn; and from Charles Baudelaire to Jean-Paul Sartre, André Breton, and Henri Michaux. Paz writes, “I believe that a writer’s attitude to language should be that of a lover: fidelity and, at the same time, a lack of respect for the beloved object. Veneration and transgression.” When this original thinker meets these writers, each essay is an adventure of the mind.
