Download or read book Conceptualizing the Ultimate Punishment in China written by Shudong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his well known essay "Politics as a Vocation", Max Weber argued that the " ... state is a human community that ... claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory" (Weber 1918: 78). One form of "the legitimate use of physical force" that is commonly used in both the United States and China is the execution of human beings. This paper will argue that this particular form of state sanctioned violence is not consistent with basic human rights and evolving modern standards of decency. Historically, capital punishment has functioned as the ultimate resort to the social control of Chinese communist dictatorship. The goal of this paper is to investigate the major political, social, and cultural causes to the state legislated capital punishment in contemporary Communist China, and analytically challenge the ground assumptions of commonsense theory of deterrence on death penalty received by the Chinese criminological ideology and jurisprudence of criminal justice system. Scientifically and statistically there is no necessary positive correlation between death penalty and crime rate in China, which has proven to be true through many incidences in the communist China. In particular, this paper will also be an attempt to address the political, cultural, and legal issues on how and why capital punishment was adopted, retained, and widely executed by the Chinese communist government since 1949; and also define the initiative and progress of abolition movement in China into two levels: the change of institutional legal system and the arousal of ideological consciousness of human rights. (One example of it would be lethal injection replacing gunshot execution.).
Download or read book Conceptualizing Politics written by Furio Cerutti and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Politics is hugely complex. Some try to reduce its complexity by examining it through an ideological worldview, a one-size-fits-all prescriptive formula or a quantitative examination of as many 'facts' as possible. Yet politics cannot be adequately handled as if it were made of cells and particles: ideological views are oversimplifying and sometimes dangerous. Politics is not simply a moral matter, nor political philosophy a subdivision of moral philosophy. This book is devised as a basic conceptual lexicon for all those who want to understand what politics is, how it works and how it changes or fails to change. Key concepts such as power, conflict, legitimacy and order are clearly defined and their interplay in the state, interstate and global level explored. Principles such as liberty, equality, justice and solidarity are discussed in the context of the political choices confronting us. This compact and systematic introduction to the categories needed to grasp the fundamentals of politics will appeal to readers who want to gain a firmer grasp on the workings of politics, as well as to scholars and students of philosophy, political science and history.
Download or read book Conceptualising Arbitrary Detention written by Carla Ferstman and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2024-05-28 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. This book examines how governments misuse detention to abuse power, suppress dissent and maintain social hierarchies. Proposing solutions for future policy, this is a call for greater respect for the rule of law and human rights.
Download or read book The Chinese Navy written by Institute for National Strategic Studies and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2011-12-27 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tells the story of the growing Chinese Navy - The People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) - and its expanding capabilities, evolving roles and military implications for the USA. Divided into four thematic sections, this special collection of essays surveys and analyzes the most important aspects of China's navel modernization.
Download or read book On Guerrilla Warfare written by Mao Tse-tung and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first documented, systematic study of a truly revolutionary subject, this 1937 text remains the definitive guide to guerrilla warfare. It concisely explains unorthodox strategies that transform disadvantages into benefits.
Download or read book China s Legalists The Early Totalitarians written by Zhengyuan Fu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text discusses the Chinese Legalists, an ancient school of Chinese philosophy which flourished during the Period of the Hundred Contending Schools (6th-3rd century B.C.E.) The school perfected the science of government and art of statecraft to a level that would have greatly impressed Machiavelli. This period and its personalities, as well as a taste of the style and spirit of the Legalists' discourse, are made accessible to the student and general reader, placing into focus the roots of the great Chinese philosophy-as-statecraft tradition. The Legalists - most famously Li Kui, Shang Yang, Shen Buhai, Shen Dao, and Han Fei - had a great impact not only on the institutions and practices of Chinese imperial tradition but also on the Maoist totalitarianism of the People's Republic of China.
Download or read book China s Hidden Children written by Kay Ann Johnson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-03-21 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the thirty-five years since China instituted its One-Child Policy, 120,000 children—mostly girls—have left China through international adoption, including 85,000 to the United States. It’s generally assumed that this diaspora is the result of China’s approach to population control, but there is also the underlying belief that the majority of adoptees are daughters because the One-Child Policy often collides with the traditional preference for a son. While there is some truth to this, it does not tell the full story—a story with deep personal resonance to Kay Ann Johnson, a China scholar and mother to an adopted Chinese daughter. Johnson spent years talking with the Chinese parents driven to relinquish their daughters during the brutal birth-planning campaigns of the 1990s and early 2000s, and, with China’s Hidden Children, she paints a startlingly different picture. The decision to give up a daughter, she shows, is not a facile one, but one almost always fraught with grief and dictated by fear. Were it not for the constant threat of punishment for breaching the country’s stringent birth-planning policies, most Chinese parents would have raised their daughters despite the cultural preference for sons. With clear understanding and compassion for the families, Johnson describes their desperate efforts to conceal the birth of second or third daughters from the authorities. As the Chinese government cracked down on those caught concealing an out-of-plan child, strategies for surrendering children changed—from arranging adoptions or sending them to live with rural family to secret placement at carefully chosen doorsteps and, finally, abandonment in public places. In the twenty-first century, China’s so-called abandoned children have increasingly become “stolen” children, as declining fertility rates have left the dwindling number of children available for adoption more vulnerable to child trafficking. In addition, government seizures of locally—but illegally—adopted children and children hidden within their birth families mean that even legal adopters have unknowingly adopted children taken from parents and sent to orphanages. The image of the “unwanted daughter” remains commonplace in Western conceptions of China. With China’s Hidden Children, Johnson reveals the complex web of love, secrecy, and pain woven in the coerced decision to give one’s child up for adoption and the profound negative impact China’s birth-planning campaigns have on Chinese families.
Download or read book Political Warfare written by Kerry K. Gershaneck and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Political Warfare provides a well-researched and wide-ranging overview of the nature of the People's Republic of China (PRC) threat and the political warfare strategies, doctrines, and operational practices used by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The author offers detailed and illuminating case studies of PRC political warfare operations designed to undermine Thailand, a U.S. treaty ally, and Taiwan, a close friend"--
Download or read book Chinese Military Reform in the Age of Xi Jinping Drivers Challenges and Implications written by Joel Wuthnow and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) has embarked on its most wide-ranging and ambitious restructuring since 1949, including major changes to most of its key organizations. The restructuring reflects the desire to strengthen PLA joint operation capabilities- on land, sea, in the air, and in the space and cyber domains. The reforms could result in a more adept joint warfighting force, though the PLA will continue to face a number of key hurdles to effective joint operations, Several potential actions would indicate that the PLA is overcoming obstacles to a stronger joint operations capability. The reforms are also intended to increase Chairman Xi Jinping's control over the PLA and to reinvigorate Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organs within the military. Xi Jinping's ability to push through reforms indicates that he has more authority over the PLA than his recent predecessors. The restructuring could create new opportunities for U.S.-China military contacts.
Download or read book Mortality in Traditional Chinese Thought written by Amy Olberding and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 2012-01-02 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mortality in Traditional China is the definitive exploration of a complex and fascinating but little-understood subject. Arguably, death as a concept has not been nearly as central a preoccupation in Chinese culture as it has been in the West. However, even in a society that seems to understand death as a part of life, responses to mortality are revealing and indicate much about what is valued and what is feared. This edited volume fills the lacuna on this subject, presenting an array of philosophical, artistic, historical, and religious perspectives on death during a variety of historical periods. Contributors look at material culture, including findings now available from the Mawangdui tomb excavations; consider death in Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist traditions; and discuss death and the history and philosophy of war.
Download or read book State and Family in China written by Yue Du and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the intersection of politics and intergenerational family relations in China from the Qing period to 1949.
Download or read book Chinese Ideology written by Shiping Hua and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces ideological trends in China through a range of historical and comparative perspectives, spanning the ancient belief systems of Confucianism, Legalism, and Taoism to political ideologies of the present day. Chapters in this edited volume are divided into four parts: traditional Chinese ideology, ideology of the Republic, Maoism as an ideology and post Mao ideology, zoning in on specific historical periods from the Qing and Republic periods to the reform era, as well as the period after the founding of the PRC – through which Mao Zedong’s political thought is notably discussed from the perspective of epistemology and the global impact of Maoism. Key topics include Sun Yat-sen as the Father of the Republic, Li Dazhao, the early Marxist theoretician, Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist Fascism, Liang Qichao’s emotional appeals through liberal political discourse, Jiang Zemin’s theory of ‘Three Represents’ de-emphasising the Marxist concept of class, Hu Jintao’s theory of ‘Harmonious Society’ and Xi Jinping’s political thought. Contributions from world-leading scholars take both comparative and critical approaches, examining not only how studies of ideology are relevant, but how Chinese ideologies have retained their own characteristics distinct to the West. As the first comprehensive study of this subject in the English language, Chinese Ideology will appeal to students and scholars of philosophy, political science, history, and Asian studies more broadly.
Download or read book The Death Penalty s Denial of Fundamental Human Rights written by John Bessler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-31 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book details how capital punishment violates universal human rights and traces the evolution of the world's understanding of torture.
Download or read book Interpreting China s Grand Strategy written by Michael D. Swaine and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2000-03-22 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's continuing rapid economic growth and expanding involvement in global affairs pose major implications for the power structure of the international system. To more accurately and fully assess the significance of China's emergence for the United States and the global community, it is necessary to gain a more complete understanding of Chinese security thought and behavior. This study addresses such questions as: What are China's most fundamental national security objectives? How has the Chinese state employed force and diplomacy in the pursuit of these objectives over the centuries? What security strategy does China pursue today and how will it evolve in the future? The study asserts that Chinese history, the behavior of earlier rising powers, and the basic structure and logic of international power relations all suggest that, although a strong China will likely become more assertive globally, this possibility is unlikely to emerge before 2015-2020 at the earliest. To handle this situation, the study argues that the United States should adopt a policy of realistic engagement with China that combines efforts to pursue cooperation whenever possible; to prevent, if necessary, the acquisition by China of capabilities that would threaten America's core national security interests; and to remain prepared to cope with the consequences of a more assertive China.
Download or read book Tradition of the Law and Law of the Tradition written by Xin Ren and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1997-03-25 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditionally, social theorists in the West have structured models of state social control according to the tenet that socialization is accomplished by means of external controls on behavior: undesirable actions are punished and desirable actions result either in material reward or a simple respite from the oppressive attentions of an authoritarian state. In this volume, the author presents the tradition of law in China as an exception to the Western model of social control. The Confucian bureaucracy that has long structured Chinese social life melded almost seamlessly with the Maoist revolutionary agenda to produce a culture in which collectivism and an internalized adherence to social law are, in some respects, congenital features of Chinese social consciousness. Through her investigation of the Maoist concept of revolutionary justice and the tradition of conformist acculturation in China, the author constructs a fascinating counterpoint to traditional Western arguments about social control.
Download or read book Contesting Crimmigration in Post hukou China written by Tian Ma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-11 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the criminalization trend and process regarding the internal migration in contemporary China from the perspective Law-in-Action. In Chinese society today, internal migrants are commonly perceived as criminals. Crimmigration, a global term that communicated the convergence of the criminal legal system and the immigration enforcement system, manifest itself in China’s hukou-based (also known as the household registration system) criminal legal system. How hukou has been constructed into the concept of Crimmigration in China strikes at the core of the ultimate questions of this book: who is being criminalized, how does the political-economic-cultural institution known as ‘hukou’ shape the criminal justice process, and how has the role of hukou changed over time in the ever-changing process? Drawing on interviews with police, prosecutors, criminal lawyers & judges, prison staff and migrant leaders in Yangtze River Delta, China, this book reflects on a historical development on hukou and its function in social control. Each chapter contributes to an extended analysis of pragmatic aspects of decision-making moments in the criminal justice system. This book will appeal to criminology researchers and students with in interest in law, politics, migration, and citizenship in contemporary China.
Download or read book Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes written by Li Chen and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did American schoolchildren, French philosophers, Russian Sinologists, Dutch merchants, and British lawyers imagine China and Chinese law? What happened when agents of presumably dominant Western empires had to endure the humiliations and anxieties of maintaining a profitable but precarious relationship with China? In Chinese Law in Imperial Eyes, Li Chen provides a richly textured analysis of these related issues and their intersection with law, culture, and politics in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Using a wide array of sources, Chen's study focuses on the power dynamics of Sino-Western relations during the formative century before the First Opium War (1839-1842). He highlights the centrality of law to modern imperial ideology and politics and brings new insight to the origins of comparative Chinese law in the West, the First Opium War, and foreign extraterritoriality in China. The shifting balance of economic and political power formed and transformed knowledge of China and Chinese law in different contact zones. Chen argues that recovering the variegated and contradictory roles of Chinese law in Western "modernization" helps provincialize the subsequent Euro-Americentric discourse of global modernity. Chen draws attention to important yet underanalyzed sites in which imperial sovereignty, national identity, cultural tradition, or international law and order were defined and restructured. His valuable case studies show how constructed differences between societies were hardened into cultural or racial boundaries and then politicized to rationalize international conflicts and hierarchy.
