Download or read book Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air written by S. K. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review is presented of investigations of volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in indoor air of buildings of different classifications (dwellings, offices, schools, hospitals) and categories (established, new and complaint buildings). Measured concentrations obtained from the published literature and from research in progress overseas were pooled so that VOC concentration profiles could be derived for each building classification/category. Mean concentrations of individual compounds in established buildings were found to be generally below 50 micrograms/m3, with most below 5 micrograms/m3. Concentrations in new buildings were much greater, often by an order of magnitude or more, and appeared to arise from construction materials and building contents. The nature of these sources and approaches to reduce indoor air concentrations by limiting source VOC emissions is discussed. Total VOC (TVOC) concentrations were substantially higher than concentrations of any individual VOCs in all situations, reflecting the large number of compounds present, but interpretation of such measurements was limited by the lack of a common definition for TVOC relevant to occupant exposure.

Download or read book Current Air Quality Issues written by Farhad Nejadkoorki and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-10-21 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution is thus far one of the key environmental issues in urban areas. Comprehensive air quality plans are required to manage air pollution for a particular area. Consequently, air should be continuously sampled, monitored, and modeled to examine different action plans. Reviews and research papers describe air pollution in five main contexts: Monitoring, Modeling, Risk Assessment, Health, and Indoor Air Pollution. The book is recommended to experts interested in health and air pollution issues.

Download or read book Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air written by [email protected] and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central tendency and upper limit concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured in indoor air are summarized and reviewed. Data were obtained from published cross-sectional studies of residential and office buildings conducted in North America from 1990through the present. VOC concentrations in existing residences reported in 12 studies comprise the majority of the data set. Central tendency and maximum concentrations are compared between new and existing residences and between existing residences and office buildings. Historical changes in indoor VOC concentrations since the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 are explored by comparing the current data set with two published reviews of previous data obtained primarily in the 1980s. These historical comparisons suggest average indoor concentrations of some toxic air contaminants, such as 1,1,1-trichloroethane have decreased.

Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.

Download or read book Organic Indoor Air Pollutants written by Tunga Salthammer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die Qualität der Innenraumluft hat in den letzten Jahren verstärkte Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Das Buch behandelt einen der wichtigsten Einflußfaktoren, die organischen Schadstoffe in der Innenraumluft, deren Quellen, Messung sowie die Bewertung. Es wurde von einem chemisch-analytischen Standpunkt aus geschrieben. Dadurch füllt es eine Lücke in der Literatur zu diesem aktuellen Thema. Es geht in dem Buch sowohl um Gebäude und deren Einrichtung als auch um die Innenraumluft von Fahrzeugen. Das Buch enthält vier Teile, die die Messung von Schadstoffen, Testkammersysteme, die Freisetzung von Schadstoffen aus Materialien zur Innenraumeinrichtung sowie schließlich Untersuchungsstrategien und Qualitätsrichtlinien behandeln. Das Buch wurde von renommierten Experten aus Europa, den USA und Australien geschrieben und ist für Chemiker, Physiker, Biologen und Mediziner in Forschung und Praxis gedacht.

Download or read book Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs In Indoor Air written by Todd A. Wetzel and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indoor air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including many with documented adverse health effects, vary widely but are generally higher than found outdoors. Volatile organic compounds can enter indoor environments via internal (e.g. paints, paint strippers, fuels, cleaning supplies, pesticides, building materials, adhesives) and external sources (e.g. vapor intrusion (VI) from contaminated soil and/or groundwater and ambient air from automobiles and industrial facilities). Since many consumer products contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are also the focus of soil and groundwater cleanup projects, emissions of these VOCs can lead to false source identifications during VI investigations. Laboratory-measured emissions of VOCs from several consumer products were used with a standard box model to predict indoor air concentrations. The predicted concentrations were compared to measured values generated by introducing the same consumer products into an actual residence. The screening level agreement between measured and estimated air concentrations suggests that a standard box model can be used with laboratory measured emission rates to show if an emission source can cause a potential health risk or lead to false assumption during VI investigations. The use of plant leaves as a simple, cost-effective and sustainable approach to sampling indoor air concentrations of VOCs was also investigated in three studies: 1) a headspace approach; 2) a flow-through glass and stainless steel plant growth chamber, and 3) a house-scale study where plant leaf and air concentrations of VOC were simultaneously measured. Similar relationships between the leaf and air concentrations observed in the three studies suggest that plant leaf concentrations can be used as a surrogate for indoor air concentrations of VOCs.

Download or read book Measurements of Indoor Toxic VOC Concentrations Attributed to the Residential Storage of Household Products written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab and R written by Dennis R. Helsel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for the First Edition " . . . an excellent addition to an upper-level undergraduate course on environmental statistics, and . . . a 'must-have' desk reference for environmental practitioners dealing with censored datasets." —Vadose Zone Journal Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab® and R, Second Edition introduces and explains methods for analyzing and interpreting censored data in the environmental sciences. Adapting survival analysis techniques from other fields, the book translates well-established methods from other disciplines into new solutions for environmental studies. This new edition applies methods of survival analysis, including methods for interval-censored data to the interpretation of low-level contaminants in environmental sciences and occupational health. Now incorporating the freely available R software as well as Minitab® into the discussed analyses, the book features newly developed and updated material including: A new chapter on multivariate methods for censored data Use of interval-censored methods for treating true nondetects as lower than and separate from values between the detection and quantitation limits ("remarked data") A section on summing data with nondetects A newly written introduction that discusses invasive data, showing why substitution methods fail Expanded coverage of graphical methods for censored data The author writes in a style that focuses on applications rather than derivations, with chapters organized by key objectives such as computing intervals, comparing groups, and correlation. Examples accompany each procedure, utilizing real-world data that can be analyzed using the Minitab® and R software macros available on the book's related website, and extensive references direct readers to authoritative literature from the environmental sciences. Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab® and R, Second Edition is an excellent book for courses on environmental statistics at the upper-undergraduate and graduate levels. The book also serves as a valuable reference for??environmental professionals, biologists, and ecologists who focus on the water sciences, air quality, and soil science.

Download or read book Assessment of Exposure to Indoor Air Pollutants written by Matti Jantunen and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 1997 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most people spend most of their time indoors, and the poor quality of the indoor environment is a strong determinant of a variety of health problems. The principal way of preventing adverse health effects is to eliminate exposure to hazardous factors. But first, standardized methods of assessing exposure are necessary to assess the risk to health and to select optimal risk management actions. This book aims to facilitate the implementation of exposure assessment methods in public health practice.

Download or read book Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-09-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.

Download or read book Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere written by R M Harrison and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as air pollutants has increased dramatically in recent years. This book covers a number of very topical issues concerning VOCs, including stratospheric ozone depletion due to CFCs, and the properties of alternative substances; the role of VOCs in the photochemical formation of lower atmosphere (tropospheric) ozone; and the problem of the direct toxicity of VOCs such as benzene and formaldehyde. This Issue reviews our current knowledge of VOCs, drawing upon the expertise of renowned experts and major national and international research programmes. It examines man-made and natural sources, as well as pathways and chemical reactions in the atmosphere. It also looks closely at the sources and concentrations of VOCs indoors, where humans are most likely to be exposed to them. Volatile Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere describes techniques used for the calculation of emissions inventories and strategies for control, and explores the many Government policy matters relating to VOCs. It provides readers with in-depth, clearly explained coverage of the many complex scientific and policy issues surrounding VOCs in the atmosphere.

Download or read book Modeling of Indoor Air Quality and Exposure written by Niren Laxmichand Nagda and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1993 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Factors Affecting Indoor Air Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds at a Site of Subsurface Gasoline Contamination written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We report a field study of soil gas transport of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into a slab-on-grade building found at a site contaminated with gasoline. Although the high VOC concentrations (30-60 g m−3) measured in the soil gas at depths of 0.7 m below the building suggest a potential for high levels of indoor VOC, the measured indoor air concentrations were lower than those in the soil gas by approximately six orders of magnitude (≈ 0.03 mg m−3). This large ratio is explained by (1) the expected dilution of soil gas entering the building via ambient building ventilation (a factor of ≈1000), and (2) an unexpectedly sharp gradient in soil gas VOC concentration between the depths of 0.1 and 0.7 m (a factor of ≈1000). Measurements of the soil physical and biological characteristics indicate that a partial physical barrier to vertical transport in combination with microbial degradation provides a likely explanation for this gradient. These factors are likely to be important to varying degrees at other sites.

Download or read book The Inside Story written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Organic Indoor Air Pollutants written by Tunga Salthammer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-11-18 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the quality of indoor air ranking highly in our lives, this second, completely, revised edition now includes 12 completely new chapters addressing both chemical and analytical aspects of organic pollutants. Sources of indoor air pollutants, measurement and detection as well as evaluation are covered filling the gap in the literature caused by this topical subject. This book is divided into four clearly defined parts: measuring organic indoor pollutants, investigation concepts and quality guidelines, field studies, and emission studies. The authors cover physico-chemical fundamentals of organic pollutants, relevant definitions and terminology, emission sources, sampling techniques and instrumentation, exposure assessment as well as methods for control. Test methods and studies for various indoor environments are described, such as automobile interiors, museum environments, or rooms with air ventilation. Emission sources covered include household and consumer products as well as electronic devices and office equipment. The book is aimed at chemists, physicists, biologists, and medical doctors at universities and research facilities, in industry and environmental laboratories as well as regulative bodies.

Download or read book Volatile Organic Compounds in the Environment written by Wun-cheng Wang and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1996 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers delivered at the symposium of the same name, April 1994, by speakers from seven nations. Twenty presentations are arranged under six topics: regulation and assessment, air quality, environmental fate, environmental measurement, environmental monitoring, and control and remediation. A sampling

Download or read book Exhaled Biomarkers written by I. Horvath and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2010-09-01 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exhaled air contains numerous substances, often in extremely low concentrations. The development of sensitive detection techniques has made it possible to examine the composition of exhaled air in relation to a variety of airway diseases and other disorders. In this book, an overview of current cutting-edge breath analysis techniques and their clinical applications is provided for the clinician. The various contributions give a fascinating perspective of a future where new, highly sensitive methodologies will enable clinicians to diagnose and monitor a wide variety of diseases merely by taking.